补肾化浊胶囊对大鼠的长期毒性实验观察

目的 观察补肾化浊胶囊对大鼠有无长期毒性.方法 将补肾化浊胶囊配成2种不同浓度溶液:0.08g/mL和0.25g/mL,分别给予低剂量组(1 .6g/kg/d)、高剂量组(5g/kg/d)大鼠口服灌胃2mL/100g,每周七天,连续三个月,观察药物的长期毒性.结果 与正常组相比,两剂量对大鼠体重增长和一般行为活动无明显影响;两组大鼠的血液学(包括凝血时问,红细胞.白细胞.血小板计数和白细胞分类.血红蛋白含量)、尿常规及血液生化学(GOT,GPT,BUN,肌酐,葡萄糖.总胆固醇含量)等指标无明显变化.给药组大鼠各主要脏器(心.肝,脾.肺,肾,肾上腺.甲状腺,睾丸,卵巢)指数均与对照组动物无明显差异.组织病理学检查结果显示各组动物主要脏器均无毒性病理性改变.结论 以上实验结果表明补肾化浊胶囊以相当于临床用量25倍的剂量给予大鼠口服灌胃5个月,未产生毒性反应.     

鼻力宝胶囊的毒理学研究

目的:考查动物灌胃给予鼻力宝胶囊的急性毒性和长期毒性。方法:参照Bliss法。大鼠分鼻力宝胶囊高、中、低剂量组,对照组,连续灌胃4周,停药恢复期2周。观察实验期间大鼠的行为活动、外观体征、体重、摄食量的变化,给药末和恢复期末两次解剖,检测血液常规、血液生化、脏器系数。观察组织器官病理学变化。结果:鼻力宝胶囊半数致死量为128.8g/kg,95%平均可信限:119.3~139.1g生药/kg;长期毒性实验,鼻力宝胶囊对大鼠经口给药的高剂量为鼻力宝胶囊相当于生药30g/(kg·d),无明显毒性反应。结论:鼻力宝胶囊安全可靠。     

脑脉舒康胶囊急性毒性与慢性毒性实验研究

目的:研究脑脉舒康胶囊的急性毒性与慢性毒性,评价脑脉舒康胶囊的安全性。方法:在急性经口毒性实验中,采用最大给药量实验方法,以20 g·kg-1剂量的脑迈舒康胶囊给予小鼠灌胃,24 h内给药3次,给药后连续观察7 d,详细记录小鼠体质量、一般外观表现、中毒症状及死亡情况;在慢性毒性实验中,采用大鼠13周喂养实验,以4 g·(kg·d)-1、8 g·(kg·d)-1、12 g·(kg·d)-13个剂量的脑脉舒康胶囊组,每周给药6 d,连续灌胃13周,每日观察大鼠的外观体征、行为活动及粪便情况等,并于给药结束每组雌雄各半随机抽取1/2大鼠动物,进行血象、血液生化指标、肝肾功能、脏器指数及组织病理学检查,剩余动物停药恢复2周,同前完成相应指标的检查。结果:在急性毒性实验中,并未见动物有中毒症状,无动物死亡,外观表现未见异常;在慢性毒性实验中,实验期间动物生长发育良好,停药前后各剂量组动物体质量、血象、血液生化指标、肝肾功能、脏器指数及组织病理学检查与对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:脑脉舒康胶囊对实验性小鼠无明显急性毒性作用,脑脉舒康胶囊长期用药对实验性大鼠无明显毒性。     

舒通胶囊对大鼠的长期毒性实验

目的:观察大鼠长期使用舒通胶囊的毒性反应及其程度,评价其安全性。方法:健康Wistar大鼠80只随机分为高、中、低剂量(6.75 g/kg,4.5 g/kg,3 g/kg)组及蒸馏水对照组,每组20只。各组分别按不同剂量灌胃给药,连续给药8 w,检测血液学、血液生化、脏器系数及组织病理学改变。结果:连续8 w灌胃给药及停药2 w,与空白对照组比较,各剂量组对大鼠的一般状态、体重和重要器官重量系数,均未发现明显毒性作用;病理学检查大鼠心、肝、脾、肺、肾、胸腺、肾上腺等组织器官均未发现有明显毒性损伤变化。结论:舒通胶囊在6.75 g/(kg.d)的剂量范围内给大鼠灌胃是安全的。     

肠胃宁胶囊安全性评价研究

目的研究肠胃宁胶囊单次和重复给药的临床前安全性,为临床用药提供参考。方法 40只小鼠分为肠胃宁胶囊组和空白对照组,每组20只小鼠,肠胃宁胶囊给药剂量为32 g/kg,空白对照组给予同体积纯水,详细观察动物体征至药后14 d,剖检肉眼大体观察各脏器形态。120只大鼠分为肠胃宁胶囊9、3、1 g/kg剂量组和空白对照组,每组30只大鼠,连续灌胃给药13周,分别于给药13周和停药后4周时取部分大鼠进行血液学指标、血液生化学指标、病理组织学检查。结果肠胃宁胶囊以32 g/kg剂量单日灌胃给药,药后观察至第14天小鼠未见明显毒性反应。肠胃宁胶囊9、3、1 g/kg剂量连续灌胃给药13周,大鼠体重、血液学、血液生化学指标及组织病理学未见明显毒性反应。结论肠胃宁胶囊小鼠单次给药最大给药量为32 g/kg;大鼠重复给药13周最大无毒反应剂量大于9 g/kg。     

小儿葫芦散对大鼠毒性的实验研究

目的:观察小儿葫芦散对大鼠的毒性反应,对小儿葫芦散作临床安全性再评价。方法:选用Wister大鼠为受试动物,观察小儿葫芦散以生药3g/kg、6g/kg的剂量1次/d给药,连续4w以观察其毒性反应。结果:给药期间动物的一般情况、体重与生理盐水组比较无显著性差异。实验4w及恢复期血常规和血液生化指标给药组与对照组比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。动物尸检各主要脏器未见明显病理改变,对照组动物脏器系数和各给药组相比无明显差异,且均在正常范围,各器官组织未见病理学改变。结论:小儿葫芦散连续4w给大鼠灌胃给药未出现任何毒性反应。     

肺心清胶囊对大鼠的长期毒性研究

目的考察肺心清胶囊反复给药的毒性情况,为评价该药的安全剂量范围提供实验依据.方法 SD大鼠按体重和性别随机分为4组:溶媒对照组、肺心清胶囊提取物2.0、4.0、8.0 g/kg 3个剂量组,每组40只,雌雄各半.每周给药6 d,每天灌胃给药1次,连续26周,停药恢复观察4周;每7 d称重1次,根据体重调整给药量;每日观察大鼠的外观体征、行为活动及粪便情况等,并于给药中期(13周)、末期(26周)每组雌雄各随机抽取适量动物,进行血液学、血液生化、脏器称重及组织病理学检查;剩余动物停药恢复观察4周,同前完成相应指标的检查.结果给药中、末期和停药恢复期,各剂量组动物活动自如、被毛光泽,一般状况良好,高剂量组雄鼠给药中期体重增长缓慢、后期恢复;3剂量组血液学和血清生化学部分指标与对照组比较有显著性差异,但无明显剂量-反应和时间-反应关系,且大部分在大鼠正常资料范围小幅波动,故无毒理学意义;3剂量组给药中期肝脏系数、附睾系数及中、高剂量组肾脏系数明显增加,但相关生化指标未见明显异常,且末期恢复;高剂量组停药后肝脏系数和睾丸重量明显增加;组织病理学检查均未见与给药明显相关的形态学改变.结论SD大鼠以2.0、4.0、8.0 g/kg剂量(相当于临床剂量的20、40、80倍)连续灌胃给予肺心清胶囊26周,4.0g/(kg)为无毒性反应剂量,其临床剂量的40倍以下为安全剂量范围.     

消瘀片的急性毒性和慢性毒性研究

目的测定中药消瘀片急性毒性和慢性毒性反应。方法小鼠以最大浓度和最大体积灌服消瘀片,大鼠连续口服消瘀片0.7g/kg*d、1.54g/kg*d和3.5g/kg*d的慢性毒性(6个月)。结果小鼠给予最大剂量后,无一动物死亡和产生异常反应,其最大耐受量为28.0g/kg。连续给药6个月后,大鼠进食正常,体重增长一致,尿常规、血液学和血液生化测定指标均在正常范围,脏器系数和病理学检查无异常。结论中药消瘀片对受试动物未见有明显毒性作用。     

复方黄芪胶囊长期毒性试验研究

【目的】观察复方黄芪胶囊长期毒性反应,为临床用药提供科学依据,保证用药安全。【方法】以高剂量组5g/kg ,中剂量组3g/kg ,低剂量组1g/kg给大鼠连续灌服12w、停药2w ,分别测量大鼠体重,测定血液学和血液生化学指标,并作组织病理学检查。【结果】复方黄芪胶囊各剂量组动物的观测指标与空白对照组比较,均无显著性差异。病理检查各脏器组织均未见药物中毒性病理形态学改变。停药后也未见药物延迟性毒性反应。【结论】复方黄芪胶囊长期用药对大鼠无明显毒性,推论临床拟用剂量是安全的。     

中药茳芒提取物急性及亚慢性毒性研究

目的:考察中药茳芒提取物的急性及亚慢性毒性。方法:急性毒性试验:茳芒提取物按照生药剂量50、25、12.5 g/kg分别对药物组KM小鼠进行灌胃,测定其半数致死量(LD50)或最大给药量。亚慢性毒性试验:将80只Wistar大鼠随机分为4组,药物组分别按照茳芒提取物生药剂量25.00、12.50、6.25 g/kg进行灌胃42 d,观察大鼠一般情况,每周称量体重,试验结束后检测血常规和血液生化指标,计算重要脏器质量系数,进行常规组织病理学检查。结果:急性毒性:给药期间小鼠无死亡,无异常行为及中毒症状,未测得LD50,测得最大给药量为339.2 g生药/kg,相当于成人临床日用最大剂量的1358倍,为临床等效剂量的149~248倍。亚慢性毒性:各剂量组大鼠一般情况无异常,体质量、血常规指标、血液生化指标、脏器系数、组织病理学检查均未出现与受试药物相关的异常,最大未观察到有害作用剂量(NOAEL)25 g生药/kg。结论:在本试验条件下,茳芒提取物无明显毒性,临床安全性良好。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.