Seroprevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi in forest workers from inspectorates with different forest types in Lower Silesia,SW Poland: preliminary study

To estimate the Lyme borreliosis (LB) risk for forest workers, totally 646 blood samples were tested for IgG and IgM anti-Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. (anti-B.b.) antibody occurrence using ELISA tests confirmed with western blot. To clarify the varied LB risk, additionally, the data from the Forest Data Bank determining the detailed forest habitat type in particular forest inspectorates were used. The occurrence of the anti-B.b. antibody was confirmed in 22% (8.7% IgM, 17.8% IgG) of forest workers. Analysis of the influence of the habitat type (forest types) indicated the significant positive impact of the occurrence of the deciduous and mixed-deciduous forests on the seroprevalence of anti-B.b. IgG level among forestry workers. However, the share of forest type cannot be the only factor taken into account when assessing risk.     

巴楚县2001年新疆出血热疫情的血清学证实

目的：以血清流行病学方法调查新闻出血热（XHF）病人，易感人群和主要宿主动物中疾病的感染情况。方法：分别收集2001年4－6月新疆巴县临床诊断为XHF的病人血清，易感人群血清和主要宿主动物的血清，用研制的诊断试剂以酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测XHF特异性IgG和IgM抗体；用抗原捕获ELISA检测XHF病毒抗原。结果：病人血清IgG抗体阳性率为39．62％（21／53）。IgM抗体阳性率为20．75％（11／53），抗原获ELISA有1份血清为XHF抗原阳性；易感人群血清IgG抗体阳性主为21．05％（4／19），IgM抗体检测和抗原捕获ELISA全部为阴性；羊血清IgG抗体阳性率为70％（56／80）。结论：血清流行病学研究证实该次疫情确系XHF、流行地区人畜均有较高水平的隐性感染。     

Informational value of the prevalence of antiborrelia antibodies in a healthy and at risk population

The authors tried to confirm data on the prevalence of antiborrelia antibodies class IgM and IgG in the local healthy population (200 blood donors) and in subjects with an increased risk of infection (forestry labourers, forestry workers and huntsmen). All blood samples were analyzed in the National Reference Laboratory for Lyme borreliosis CEM (LB) in the National Institute of Public Health in Prague by the ELISA NRLB KC 90 method and in case of a positive result they were confirmed by the Western blot Lyme method. All patients completed a special questionnaire used as a standard procedure in the consultation centre for LB. In the group of blood donors 100 men were examined, mean age 33.5 years and 100 women, mean age 24.4 years. In 26 positive antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb) were confirmed, but on invitation to medical examination only 22 attended, 11 men and 11 women (10.1%). Examination of antiborrelia antibodies by the ELISA method proved positivity of class IgM 7 times and of class IgG 9 times. By the Western blot method (WB) class IgG was confirmed three times. In the risk group 39 men were examined, mean age 40.6 years and 32 women. In 12 of them (17.9%) positivity of antiborrelia antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb) was proved by the ELISA method as well as the WB method. If the percentage confidence interval of the control group is taken as a basis for comparison, then the value of the risk group is within this interval at a significance value of alpha = 0.01. In the conclusion the authors discuss the problem of interpretation of positive serological results and the pitfalls of their evaluation not only from the aspect of validity of laboratory findings, due to the absence of standardization of methods, but also with regards to obscure aspects of the persistence of IgM antibodies after years of lege artis antibiotic treatment.     

长白山区莱姆病调查与实验室分析

目的：了解长白山区莱姆病传播媒介－全沟硬埤的地理位置,分布及其病原携带情况。方法：用酶联免疫吸附试验,间接免疫荧光试验检测莱姆病特异IgG抗体,结果：长白山区抓捕的620只硬蜱,全沟硬蜱为593只,占总数的95．80％,用BSK培养基33度培养,分纯后共获得纯阳性和伯氏疏螺旋体培养物243株,用免疫抗美国B31特异性多克隆抗体和针对莱姆病螺旋体种属特异单克隆抗体,间接免疫荧光荧光抗体试验进行鉴定,证明其单克隆抗体反应与美国菌株稍有差异,与国内分离株M7相同,血检826人,IgG,IgM大于等于1：128（抗体滴度）有49例,阳性率为5．93％,IgG,IgM大于等于1：64（抗体滴度）有82例;二项合计为15．85％,结论：长白山区是莱姆病重要疫源地,人群中有莱姆病感染存在,并有莱姆病发生。     

Evaluation of a synthetic tripeptide as antigen for detection of IgM and IgG antibodies to Trypanosoma cruzi in serum samples from patients with Chagas disease or viral diseases

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed to detect IgG and IgM antibodies in human sera against a synthetic tripeptide derived from a hybrid peptide containing 3 specific epitopes from Trypanosoma cruzi. This assay was compared in Brazil with one using conventional antigen, the alkaline crude extract. Serum samples were divided into positive (40 samples) or negative (107 samples) for Chagas disease. Positive samples included 9 serum samples from patients with acute Chagas disease, while negative samples included 57 samples from patients suffering from viral diseases. The total percentages of IgG positive samples from patients with chronic Chagas disease for alkaline extract and synthetic tripeptide were 93.5% and 100%, respectively. All samples from patients with acute Chagas disease were confirmed positive for IgM antibodies by using both the tripeptide and the alkaline extract. However, the results for anti-T. cruzi IgM in the group of chronic Chagas disease patients demonstrated that 41.9% were positive for IgM with the alkaline extract, while the synthetic peptide showed a significantly lower number of positive samples (12.9%). The serum samples from healthy people showed similar results for both antigens. However, 40% of the serum samples from patients presenting with viral diseases were IgM positive for Chagas disease when assayed with conventional antigen; with the synthetic tripeptide as antigen, 100% of this group of samples were found to be negative. Thus, as the results of ELISA with synthetic tripeptide showed higher rates of sensitivity and specificity than ELISA with conventional antigen, the former should be included as a laboratory tool in the serodiagnosis of Chagas disease.     

新型冠状病毒肺炎病例的血清学检测结果初步分析

目的 了解新型冠状病毒肺炎确诊病例、无症状感染者、密切接触者和其他相关人员血清中IgM和IgG抗体产生情况。 方法 采集研究对象的全血并及时分离血清,采用ELISA和胶体金法对确诊病例和无症状感染者血清进行IgM和IgG抗体检测,采用ELISA对密切接触者和其他相关人员血清进行检测。 结果 用ELISA和胶体金法进行抗体检测,42例确诊病例的阳性情况为:采样日期从第二周起,不论是IgM还是IgG的阳性率均出现增长,第15~35 d组,阳性率最高,IgM抗体阳性率ELISA和胶体金法分别为72.7%与36.4%,IgG抗体阳性率分别为72.7%与90.9%。用ELISA检测,8例无症状感染者为IgM阳性5例(62.5%)和IgG阳性5例(62.5%)。密切接触者为IgM阳性1例(1.7%)和IgG阳性2例(3.4%)。其他相关人员为IgM阳性1例(2.0%)和IgG阳性2例(4.1%)。ELISA IgM、胶体金IgM、ELISA IgG以及胶体金IgG试验检测出阳性确诊病例的发病日期至采样日期的间隔时间中位数分别为16、14、12、13 d。ELISA与胶体金法比对,IgM抗体检测的Kappa值为0.614,IgG的Kappa值为0.716。 结论 新型冠状病毒肺炎确诊病例血清抗体阳性率从第二周起出现显著增长,不同类型人员阳性率差异有统计学意义,ELISA与胶体金法比较中高度一致。     

Detection of four species of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Ixodes ricinus ticks collected from roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in The Netherlands.

Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) were investigated for their value as sentinel animals for Lyme borreliosis in the Netherlands. Serum was obtained from 114 roe deer, and 513 Ixodes ricinus, predominantly females (72%), were obtained from 47 animals (41%). The polymerase chain reaction was used to detect DNA of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in a total of 190 ticks, comprising 106 engorged ticks and 84 non-engorged ticks. Borrelia DNA was detected in 24 engorged ticks (23%) and 26 non-engorged ticks (31%). This difference was not significant (P = 0.25). Four species of B. burgdorferi sensu lato were identified in the ticks. B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, Borrelia garinii, Borrelia afzelii and group VS116. B. afzelii was most commonly found and present in 13 mixed infections, and in 28 single infections. Fifteen sera (13%) contained antibodies to Borrelia spp. Ticks are more appropriate sentinel animals for Lyme borreliosis than roe deer, an important host for I. ricinus. Although the viability of borrelia spirochaetes in engorged ticks collected from roe deer was not assessed, a bloodmeal taken from roe deer did not eliminate borrelia spirochaetes from the tick. The relevance of this finding for transovarial transmission of borrelia spirochaetes in ticks is discussed.     

105例拟诊莱姆病患者抗伯氏疏螺旋体抗体检查结果分析

目的 分析拟诊莱姆病患者血清学检查结果,明确莱姆病临床病症及区域分布情况,为有效诊治莱姆病提供科学依据.方法 应用间接免疫荧光试验(IFA)和ELISA方法,对来自全国各地的临床拟诊莱姆病患者进行血清抗伯氏疏螺旋体IgM和IgG抗体检查,并结合临床疾患进行综合分析.结果 2007-2008年共检查临床拟诊莱姆病患者105例,血清呈阳性反应者16例,阳性率15.24%.其中神经系统患者44例,阳性4例;心血管系统患者5例,阳性1例;皮肤病变25例,阳性6例;发热患者10例,阳性1例;关节痛14例,阳性2例;精神障碍疾患7例,阳性2例.16例患者应用抗生素治疗后有效率达87.50%.16例莱姆病患者分布在9个省(直辖市、自治区),确诊病例以黑龙江、吉林、内蒙古地区较多.结论 我国人群确实存在莱姆病螺旋体散发感染,通过血清学检查能及早发现病例,提高诊疗效率.     

IFA、ELISA和WB用于莱姆病血清学诊断的比较研究

目的比较研究间接免疫荧光试验（IFA）、酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）和蛋白免疫印迹试验（WB）3种检测方法对莱姆病血清学的诊断效果。方法收集临床疑似莱姆病患者血清标本及其流行病学和临床资料,分别采用IFA、ELISA和WB进行血清抗伯氏疏螺旋体抗体（IgM和IgG）检测,结合流行病学和临床资料进行综合分析。结果实验共检测莱姆病疑似患者血清398份,ELISA阳性86例,阳性率21.61%,其中IgM阳性27例,IgG阳性59例;IFA阳性82例,阳性率20.60%,其中IgM阳性26例,IgG阳性56例;WB阳性83例,阳性率20.85%,其中IgM阳性31例,IgG阳性52例;并且实验表明,在对于游走性红斑病例的诊断上,WB法阳性率明显高于ELISA和IFA（χ2=6.34,P〈0.05）。结论在莱姆病的实验室诊断中,IFA、ELISA和WB3种方法结合运用,可提高诊断的灵敏性和特异性;WB在排除ELISA和IFA的假阳性结果中有着重要作用。     

Detection of antibodies to tick salivary antigens among patients from a region of Spain

With a view to determine which tick species bite humans most frequently in the province of Soria (Spain) and to know whether these species act as vectors of Rickettsia conorii and/or Borrelia burgdorferi, we analysed the presence of antibodies against salivary proteins of several tick species and of antibodies against R. conorii and B. burgdorferi sensu lato in 102 samples of serum. The sera were collected from 63 patients who were treated for tick bites at the health services of the Soria Health Area. Thirty-nine percent of the patients displayed antibodies against Dermacentor marginatus; 21% against Ixodes ricinus, and 6% against Rhipicephalus sanguineus. IgM antibodies against R. conorii were found in 15 patients, but none of the patients included in the study displayed IgG/IgM Abs against B. burgdorferi sensu lato. In 30% of the patients bitten by I. ricinus and in 24% bitten by D. marginatus, antibodies against R. conorii were found. None of the patients who had been bitten by R. sanguineus expressed antibodies against this pathogen. The results obtained here suggest that D. marginatus and I. ricinus are the main vectors of the spotted fever group rickettsiae in our environment and that the role of R. sanguineus in the transmission of these rickettsiae is debatable.     

北京奥运会期间的一例输入性莱姆病病例分析

目的分析拟诊莱姆病患者血清学检查结果,为有效诊治莱姆病提供科学依据。方法应用间接免疫荧光试验（IFA）、ELISA和蛋白免疫印迹（WB）3种实验方法,对此例患者进行血清抗伯氏疏螺旋体IgM和IgG抗体检查,并结合临床疾患进行综合分析。结果 3种试验方法IgG均为阳性,其中IFA的IgG抗体滴度达到1：128,WB的IgG有2条蛋白带P83和P39;3种试验方法IgM均为阴性。结论患者临床发展病程符合莱姆病的特征,实验室结果阳性,莱姆病的诊断可以成立。     

Borrelia miyamotoi sensu lato Seroreactivity and Seroprevalence in the Northeastern United States

Borrelia miyamotoi sensu lato, a relapsing fever Borrelia sp., is transmitted by the same ticks that transmit B. burgdorferi (the Lyme disease pathogen) and occurs in all Lyme disease�?"endemic areas of the United States. To determine the seroprevalence of IgG against B. miyamotoi sensu lato in the northeastern United States and assess whether serum from B. miyamotoi sensu lato�?"infected persons is reactive to B. burgdorferi antigens, we tested archived serum samples from area residents during 1991�?"2012. Of 639 samples from healthy persons, 25 were positive for B. miyamotoi sensu lato and 60 for B. burgdorferi. Samples from �%^10% of B. miyamotoi sensu lato�?"seropositive persons without a recent history of Lyme disease were seropositive for B. burgdorferi. Our resultsA suggest thatA human B. miyamotoiA sensu latoA infection may be common in southern New England and that B. burgdorferi antibody testing is not an effective surrogate for detecting B. miyamotoi sensu lato infection.     

发热患者SARS冠状病毒抗体分析

目的了解临床发热患者中是否存在严重急性呼吸综合征（SARS）冠状病毒（SARS-CoV）隐性感染或亚临床感染。方法对2003年5月～7月，SARS流行期间湖北地区临床发热患者373例血清进行SARS冠状病毒（SARS-CoV）抗体（IgG、IgM、N蛋白抗体）酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测和分子生物学（RT—PCR）检测。结果373例发热患者中，检出冠状病毒抗体阳性者24例，阳性率6．43％（24／373），其中SARSIgG抗体、IgM抗体、N蛋白抗体阳性率分别为0．54％，1．34％和5．09％，但SARS-CoVRT—PCR检测均为阴性。结论临床发热患者可能存在SARS-CoV隐性或亚临床感染，患者体内产生针对SARS-CoV的保护性抗体，应具有免疫力和抵抗力。     

北京地区SARS康复者冠状病毒IgM、IgG抗体水平的变化

目的探讨SARS康复者康复后及其1年内血清冠状病毒IgG、IgM抗体的产生水平及动态变化,为该病的下一步预防和疫苗的保护效力提供依据.方法采用ELISA法对SARS康复者冠状病毒IgG、IgM抗体进行检测,对IgG或IgM抗体连续两次检测都为阳性者继续随访1年;对二者连续两次都为阴性者放弃随访;随访结果用stata 7.0软件分析.结果 81.2%的康复者连续两次IgG抗体检测阳性;18.8%的康复者连续两次IgG抗体阴性;对311例IgG抗体阳性者进行了1年的随访,除1例在出院后85 d时抗体变为阴性外,其他310例康复者1年后IgG抗体仍为阳性,但抗体平均水平下降了约35.8%;22例IgG抗体阳性康复者(2003年4月3日～5月21日出院)进行了IgM抗体检测,2003年5月30日检测时,22.7%的康复者IgM抗体阳性,2003年6月14日检测时,IgM抗体全为阴性.结论 IgM抗体在康复后短期内很快消失;约有81.2%的康复者能够产生IgG抗体;1年随访中,除1例康复者IgG抗体由阳性转为阴性外,其他IgG抗体阳性者1年后该抗体仍为阳性,但抗体水平有所下降.     

Vitamin A, E and C serum concentration in patients with Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies--non-symptomatic carriers

To estimate vitamin A, E and C serum concentrations among forestry workers showing antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi presence. Vitamins A, E and C concentrations were evaluated in 117 sera of forestry workers. 78 persons aged 18-63 (x=43.07) showed antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi presence. In this group 13 persons showed presence of IgM, 42 persons with IgG and 23 with IgM and IgG. Control group consisted of 39 persons aged 18-56 years (x=40,97), with no detectable anti-Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies in serum. Serologic diagnosis was performed with use of ELISA kit - Borrelia recombinant IgM, IgG (Biomedica, Austria). Vitamins A and E serum concentrations were detected by RP-HPLC method with spectrophotometric detection (De Leenheet and co.). Vitamin C was detected by RP-HPLS method with spectrophotometric method (Ivanovic and co). Obtains results were statistically analysed. Significantly lower of vitamin A and E serum concentration of persons with anti-borrelia antibodies presence. The lowest concentration was observed in group showing presence of IgM and IgG. No significant difference in vitamin C serum concentration in examined groups was observed. These results may suggest that low serum concentrations of vitamin A and E may have influence on Borrelia burgdorferi infection development.     

827例拟诊莱姆病患者抗伯氏疏螺旋体抗体检查结果分析

目的分析拟诊莱姆病患者血清学检查结果,明确莱姆病临床病症及地区分布情况,为有效诊治莱姆病提供科学依据。方法2001-2006年应用间接免疫荧光试验和ELISA 2种方法对来自全国各地的827例临床拟诊莱姆病患者血清进行抗伯氏疏螺旋体IgM、IgG抗体检查。结果有135例患者血清抗伯氏疏螺旋体IgM、IgG抗体呈阳性反应,阳性率16.32%。其中神经系统疾病344例,阳性88例;心血管系统疾病39例,阳性3例;皮肤病变193例,阳性30例;发热病人102例,阳性6例;关节痛病人105例,阳性5例;精神障碍病人44例,阳性3例。135例患者应用抗生素治疗后有效率达92%。我国18个省(直辖市、自治区)有莱姆病病例发生,以黑龙江、吉林、内蒙古、新疆最多,其次是青海、四川、贵州、云南、浙江等省。结论我国人群确实存在莱姆病螺旋体散发感染,通过血清学检查能及早发现病人,提高诊疗效率。     

Lyme borreliosis--incidence of serum anti-myelin antibodies

The method of enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) was used for detection of antibodies against the basic protein myelin (antimyelin antibodies) for a group of serum samples (n 36) with positive anti-borrelia immunoglobulins IgG and IgM (ELISA-Borrelia afzelii) and their immune complexes (ELISA-PEG). Antimyelin antibodies (ELISA-Doxa Kit-Myelin Basic Protein Antibodies) were assessed in 31% (n 11) of examined serum samples of patients with the working diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis. Statistical analysis (p 0.07) confirmed a more frequent incidence of antimyelin antibodies in younger female subjects (age 31 years) as compared with a group of sera (n 25) where the authors did not record the formation of immunoglobulins against the basic myelin protein (age 51 years). Neither the value of titres nor the frequency of detected anti-borrelia IgG and IgM and immune complexes did not differ significantly in the two groups. From the assembled results ensues that in the course of Lyme borreliosis, in chronic affection of organs an autoimmune reaction may develop where the basic myelin protein is damaged (demyelinizatio) and subsequently antimyelin antibodies are formed.     

Isotype specific ELISAs to detect antibodies against swine vesicular disease virus and their use in epidemiology

Isotype specific ELISAs to detect antibodies against swine vesicular disease, which may help to estimate the moment of infection, were developed and validated on sera from pigs experimentally infected with four different isolates of swine vesicular disease virus. Virus specific IgM antibodies could be detected from days 3-49 and occasionally up to day 91 after infection. IgG1 antibodies were first detected at day 8 and IgG2 at day 11. IgA antibodies coincided with IgG1 antibodies, but antibody titres varied widely. From the results obtained with the sera from the experimentally infected pigs, we calculated the day at which 50% of the pigs had become positive (D50). A D50 of 5, 4, 12, 12 and 24 days was calculated, respectively, for the appearance of antibodies in the virus neutralization test, the IgM, total IgG, IgG1 and IgG2 ELISA. A D50 of 49 days was calculated for the disappearance of IgM antibodies. The isotype specific ELISAs proved to be valuable tools to study the epidemiology of the disease.     

新疆乌鲁木齐南山莱姆病自然疫源地监测分析

目的监测乌鲁木齐南山大小松沟莱姆病自然疫源地人群伯氏疏螺旋体感染与莱姆病发病情况及流行趋势,为制定防制对策提供依据。方法采用间接免疫荧光试验（IFA）和蛋白免疫印迹（WB）方法,对223人检测血清抗伯氏疏螺旋体抗体（IgM、IgG）,2人应用聚合酶链反应（PCR）技术检测尿液中伯氏疏螺旋体DNA。对有蜱叮咬和犬咬史,并有莱姆病相关临床表现者,详细询问病史和查体,结合血清学检测和尿液PCR结果,确定伯氏疏螺旋体感染与莱姆病病例。结果伯氏疏螺旋体平均感染率为16.14%（36/223）,确诊莱姆病27例（1999-2002年6例;2003-2006年21例）,包括皮肤、神经系统、眼、心脏和关节多系统损害。少年儿童感染后,出现各型红斑占44.44%（12/27）。结论乌鲁木齐市山地牧区和半农半牧地区人群均存在较高的莱姆病感染率,并有典型病例,当地应重视莱姆病的预防和治疗。     

Evaluation of an immunoenzimatic test (ELISA) for the diagnosis of leptospirosis in Italy

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was assessed to detect in humans IgM and IgG against the main serogroups/serovars of Leptospira present in Italy. Sonicated antigens from strain Wijnberg, serogroups Icterohaemorrhagiae and Riccio 2, serogroup Australis, were used in ELISA and the results were compared to microagglutination test (MAT). IgM were confirmed to be the predominant class of antibodies; the total sensitivity obtained by Wijnberg/ELISA with the sera of patients infected by different serogroups was 81.5% in relation to MAT, better sensitivity was achieved by the use of Riccio 2/ELISA; no reaction occurred with the control sera. Cross-reactivity was noted with some sera of patients with Lyme disease (IgM) and with few sera of patients with autoimmune disease (IgM and IgG).To improve the sensitivity of the ELISA both antigens Wijnberg and Riccio 2 must be employed in the immunoenzimatic assay, since serogroup Australis must be considered as a new emerging serogroup causing human leptospirosis in our country.Corresponding author.