浅析监护仪器的应用与发展动态

浅析监护仪器的应用与发展动态周胜军白智鹏刘凤军解放军北京医学高等专科学校医学工程系（北京１０００７１）病人监护仪是一种用以测量和控制病人生理参数，并可与已知设定值进行比较，如果出现超差可发出报警的装置或系统。在早期由于受到技术的限制，以病人的生理和生...     

A Method for Detecting QRS Waves

作者提出了一种心电图ＱＲＳ波检测方法。该方法采用硬件和软件结合检测ＱＲＳ波，集中了硬件检测的快速性和软件检测的灵活性的优点，经过在多参数病人监护系统中应用，表明该方法准确可靠、快速实用。     

多参数病人监护系统的研制

作者介绍了一种多参数病人监护系统，该系统能够同时无创监测心电、呼吸、体温、无创血压、血氧饱和度、脉率等六项生理参数，系统采用大屏幕液日皮形及数据，功耗小，重量轻，并在国内首次采用模块化结构设计，参数易选易配，体积小巧，同时还具有各种数字信号处理功能及计算机存储、回放、打印、联网等功能。     

一种心电图QRS波检测方法

作者提出了一种心电图ＱＲＳ波检测方法，该方法采用硬件和软件结合检测ＱＲＳ波，集中了硬件检测的快速性和软件检测的灵活性的优点，经过在多参数病人监护系统中应用，表明该方法准确可靠，快速实用。     

多参数中央监护系统的研制

本文介绍了一个多参数中央监护系统，可同时监护１－８个床位。系统可显示病人的心电、呼吸、脉搏波形，及心率、呼吸率、血氧饱和度、无创血压、体温等多项生理参数。     

新型器械

新型器械全功能麻醉监护系统（ＡＣＭＳ）Ａｃｍｓ是美国惠普公司（ＨＰ）专为麻醉医学领域里的从业人员设计的，是手术室必备的系统配置。该系统满足了麻醉过程中病人监护的严格要求，能准确无误，快速多变及时响应，根据需要，随机显示。模块化程度高，需要什么功能，有...     

一种利用普通心电图机的监护功能的扩充

以研究适合我国国情、利用现有的常规心电图仪设计出一种低功耗的便携式液晶显示心电监视仪，除了对其总体方案进行了论证外，还完成了硬件和软件的设计。系统采用80c196单片微型计算机为中央处理器，对实时心电信号进行数据处理和分析。该机除了具有一般的监护性能外，同时还具有五种心律失常分析、报警，以及冻结、自动走纸记录功能、 ，能交、直供电，携带方便。本文力求简化硬件电路，优化软件结构，采用并实现了多种低功耗设计方法以液晶显示模块化设计。所实现的监护仪通用性强，成本低，尤其为开拓我国监护仪事业有了一定的参考价值。     

家用心电远程监护系统

本文所介绍的“家用心电远程监护系统”是以把心电监护的场所从医院病房移至家中为目的而研制的一种新系统。不但病人能承受使用它的经济负担，同时也能节省医院的医疗资源，从而能使更多需要监护的心脏病人能够得到有效的护理     

一种插件子母式监护仪的设计

目的 为解决生理参数测量模块在监护仪间的共享,实现病人在不同科室间监护数据的整合,及在转运途中连续不间断的实时监护,本文提出一种插件子母式监护仪的设计.方法 将监护仪与参数模块分开,通过定时轮询判断参数模块的加载和卸载,实现了监护仪的插件式设计.通过监护仪主机和移动式监护仪的独立设计,实现时间的同步及历史数据的合并.结果 临床实践证明,该设计方法有效避免了病人在转移过程中因不能被连续监测而导致的监测盲区.结论 目前该设计已成功应用于新型监护仪上.     

依托宽带信息网络家庭疾病监护系统的初步研究

目的 针对宽带信息网络技术的发展和我国医疗发展现状，勾画了整个基于宽带信息网的家庭疾病监护系统的结构。将病人的生理信息通过无线通讯技术(IEEE802．11b)传递到网络接入点，送入医疗网络。医生通过网络直接观察病人的生理状态，并可通过网络了解病人的病情和生活之间的关系，指导病人的医疗保健。方法 研究开发用于家庭监护的几种主要生理参数监测模块、生理信息采集单元和数据接入点间采用无线通信协议(IREE802．11b)，在校园局域网内进行模拟实验。结果 实验结果显示，该系统可以在接近实时的情况下(延时小于1s)传输12导的心电信号，同时可以伴行传输血压、体温等生理信息。结论 此研究可以将社区的医疗延伸到家庭，将日常的疾病监护放在家庭，同时可建立慢性病人的数据库，为疾病的诊断、研究提供连续的监测数据。     

Molecular design of allergy vaccines

Recombinant-allergen-based diagnostic tests enable the dissection and monitoring of the molecular reactivity profiles of allergic patients, resulting in more specific diagnosis, disease monitoring, prevention and therapy. In vitro experiments, animal studies and clinical trials in patients demonstrate that allergenic molecules can be engineered to induce different immune responses ranging from tolerance to vigorous immunity. The available data thus suggest that molecular engineering of the disease-related antigens is a technology that may be applicable not only for the design of allergy vaccines but also for the design of vaccines against infectious diseases, autoimmunity and cancer.     

Patient monitoring systems: criteria for evaluation & selection.

Patient monitoring is more than just the acquisition and accumulation of physiological data. In order for it to be efficacious in patient diagnosis and treatment, the professional staff must be continuously involved in protocol development, evaluation, and modification. Given the constraints of these tasks, of cost limitations, and of staff interest and expertise, the clinical engineer should develop a rationale for making judgments about patient monitoring systems at his particular site. This rationale should include: evaluation of design criteria from medical, nursing, and engineering standpoints; consideration of the considerable and increasing effect of computers on monitoring; and the intelligent appraisal of technique and system development performed at other sites.     

Dual-channel audio monitor for distinguishing action potentials from two different sources

An audio-monitor design is described which allows action potentials from two different input channels to be heard and distinguished from each other. Two other more conventional modes of operation have also been incorporated into the design, making the device a versatile instrument for monitoring neurophysiological events. The dual-channel mode of operation is most useful in detecting the relationship of activity between the two sources.     

基于ADuC845的多功能便携式医疗监护系统的设计

本文设计一个适用于家庭应用的多功能便携式医疗监护系统.该系统通过嵌入式采集端与PC存储端的协作,实现了对人体体温、血压、心率等重要生理参数的采集和存储.同时系统采集端还具有显示及报警功能.多功能便携式医疗监护系统为医疗监护仪器的微型化和家用化提供了便捷的解决方案,可以方便将病人更多有用的生理信息提供给医生,帮助医生诊断和治疗.     

A review of source memory research in the source monitoring paradigm]

Research on source memory in the source monitoring paradigm was reviewed and discussed. The author analyzed three factors contributing to the current upsurge of source memory research: (a) a basic theoretical framework and a basic experimental paradigm for source monitoring were established by Johnson and her collaborators, (b) source monitoring tasks were a more sensitive measure than recall and recognition tasks to assess one's explicit memory among different populations, and (c) the source monitoring paradigm is so flexible and versatile to design a variety of experiments. Further studies are necessary for the paradigm to find a better way of analyzing data and to verify its premises. Regardless of these problems, however, the author predicted a further explosion of source memory research in the paradigm because it would give us a hint of an underlying mechanism of how memory is processed.     

家庭健康指标监护系统的构建

设计一种简单易行的家庭成员健康指标监护系统,实现对被监护人的健康变化做出监督与提醒。通过筛选最常见的可量化的10项人体指标,利用基于运动平板车的家庭成员健康指标监护系统,实时收集指标数据,通过网页上传到远端服务器,定期对收集的数据进行统计,并根据数据变化趋势确定被监护人的健康变化情况,对被监护人提出饮食建议、运动建议和疾病预防建议等。家庭成员健康监护系统的研制与应用,可以初步实现居民个体健康档案的信息化,并通过参数分析,提出有效的健康指导和及时的就医建议,实现了居民在家中和日常生活中的健康监控,对有效降低医疗费用支出、有效控制疾病具有重要作用。     

Real-time monitoring and diagnosis of scintillation dosimeters using an ultraviolet light emitting diode

Plastic scintillator fibre optic dosimeters (FODs) have advantages for both brachytherapy and external beam radiotherapy applications. Convenient real-time monitoring and diagnosis of such dosimeters are desirable because of changes in the optical circuit that may arise in use. In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a real-time method using ultraviolet light emitting diodes (LED) to stimulate the scintillator and to diagnose failures of FODs. Key aspects of the LED FOD dosimetry design are investigated, enabling the design of a stable and accurate real-time monitoring dosimetry system. We demonstrate experimentally that the real-time monitoring FOD system is convenient to be used to monitor FOD dosimeters and to diagnose their failures resulted from different mechanisms.     

Design and evaluation of QRS and noise detectors for ambulatory e.c.g. monitors

In ambulatory e.c.g. monitoring, a high level of noise results in false QRS detection. We present a compact low-powered QRS detector design. We present a noise detector circuit that identifies most false QRS detections so that it can disable alarms. We present a standardised exercise protocol for testing the QRS detector. Data collected from subjects bending forward (for baseline drift), lifting a weight (for e.m.g.), and jogging (for motion artefact) present a realistic test set for an ambulatory QRS detector. We observe error rates of the order of 1%, the noise detector identifies more than half of these. These techniques should reduce false alarms in arrhythmia monitoring systems.