肾黏液性小管状和梭形细胞癌临床病理特点分析

目的:分析肾脏黏液性小管状和梭形细胞癌的临床病理特点,提高对肾黏液性小管状和梭形细胞癌的认识。方法:回顾性分析8例肾黏液性小管状和梭形细胞癌患者的临床资料。女5例,男3例,平均年龄48.4(25～80)岁。肿瘤最大直径平均4.2(2.5～10.0)cm。3例行开放性肾癌根治术,3例行腹腔镜肾癌根治术,2例行腹腔镜肾脏部分切除术。结果:手术顺利,术中术后未出现明显并发症,术后病理检查均诊断为肾黏液性小管状和梭形细胞癌。平均住院7(5～10)天,术后平均随访30(7～45)个月,均未见肿瘤复发及转移。结论:肾黏液性小管状和梭形细胞癌是一种极为罕见的低度恶性的肾脏肿瘤,临床症状、影像学表现与肾癌类似,需依靠病理组织学确诊。早期手术治疗是首选治疗方法,预后良好,需长期密切随访,对最大直径<4.0cm患者,推荐行腹腔镜下保留肾单位手术。     

基于生殖静脉导引的精准膜解剖经腹腔入路腹腔镜根治性肾切除术35例经验总结

目的 探讨基于生殖静脉导引的膜解剖经腹腔入路腹腔镜根治性肾切除术治疗肾癌的安全性与疗效。方法 选取2018年1月至2021年6月郴州市第一人民医院泌尿外科收治的35例肾癌患者,年龄43～81岁,平均(57.9±9.6)岁;肿瘤直径3.6～10.6 cm,平均(6.5±1.8)cm;左肾肿瘤19例,右肾肿瘤16例;术前临床分期c T1aN0M0 1例,c T1bN0M0 13例,c T2aN0M0 10例,c T2b N0M0 9例,c T3aN0M0 1例,c T3aN0M1 1例。手术均由同一高年资医师完成,按照生殖静脉导引肾静脉的技术路线,运用膜解剖技术分离肾脏周围无血管平面,实施经腹腔入路腹腔镜根治性肾切除术。结果 35例患者均顺利完成手术,除1例转移性肾癌行减瘤性根治性肾切除外,其余34例均保留同侧肾上腺。手术时间120～200 min,平均(150.5±20.3)min;术中出血量30～300 ml,平均(45.5±9.2)ml,无术中、术后输血病例;术后病理类型:肾透明细胞癌22例,乳头状肾细胞癌5例,嫌色性肾细胞癌4例,黏液样小管状和梭形细胞癌2例,未分类的肾细胞癌2例;...     

肾黏液管状梭形细胞癌的临床特征(附1例报告并文献复习)

目的:探讨肾粘液管状梭形细胞癌的临床特点。方法:报告1例左肾粘液管状梭形细胞癌患者的临床资料并复习有关文献。本例以持续高热、食欲减退等症状就诊。行肾癌根治术,肿瘤约6.0cm×6.5cm,临床分期为T4N2M0;病理表现为排列成簇的狭长小管状上皮细胞,中间充满粘液间质和梭形细胞,核分裂像少见;免疫组化E-cadherin( )、CK17( )、CD10(-)、CD15(-)。结果:术后第1天体温恢复正常,随访16个月未见肿瘤复发和转移。结论:肾粘液管状梭形细胞癌是一类低度恶性的肾上皮性肿瘤,可能来源于远端肾小管,早期手术是其首选的治疗方法。     

肾脏黏液性管状及梭形细胞癌的临床病理观察

目的探讨肾脏黏液性管状及梭形细胞癌（mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma,MTSCCa）的临床病理特点、免疫表型及鉴别诊断要点,并复习相关文献对其组织起源作一探讨。方法对1例肾脏黏液性小管状和梭形细胞癌进行临床病理学特征及免疫组化的分析。结果患者女性,56岁,无特异临床症状,体检发现右肾占位。巨检发现肾上极实质内一灰白界清结节,直径7cm,切面均匀。镜下见瘤细胞主要呈两种结构：由单层立方细胞排列成的细管状结构及类似于平滑肌瘤的梭形细胞结构,局部可见透明细胞及乳头样结构,立方状细胞及梭形细胞均形态温和。背景中见大量黏液,并可见淋巴细胞、浆细胞及泡沫细胞浸润。免疫组化：CK7、CK18、Vim阳性表达;SMA、HMB45、SYN均阴性。结论MTSCCa是一种少见的低级别肿瘤,预后较好,可能来源于远端肾单位。     

肾脏黏液样小管状和梭形细胞癌一例报告

肾脏黏液样小管状和梭形细胞癌(MTSCCa)临床少见,具有独特的临床病理特征及预后.我院收治1例,现报道如下. 患者,女,67岁.     

肾脏黏液样小管状和梭形细胞癌一例报告

肾脏黏液样小管状和梭形细胞癌(MTSCCa)临床少见,具有独特的临床病理特征及预后.我院收治1例,现报道如下. 患者,女,67岁.     

肾脏黏液样小管状和梭形细胞癌一例报告

肾脏黏液样小管状和梭形细胞癌(MTSCCa)临床少见,具有独特的临床病理特征及预后.我院收治1例,现报道如下. 患者,女,67岁.     

小切口后腹腔镜下根治性肾切除术17例报告

目的总结小切口后腹腔镜下根治性肾切除术的治疗经验。方法采用第12肋尖部向前下方5—6cm切口后腹腔镜下根治性肾切除术治疗肾及肾盂输尿管肿瘤患者17例。男10例，女7例，平均年龄56岁。5例因无痛性肉眼血尿就诊，余12例为B超体检发现，腹部均未扪及肿块。左侧5例，右侧12例。肾肿瘤13例直径3～10cm，平均5cm。UICC临床分期；T1N0M0 10例，T2N0M0 2例，T3aN0M0 1例；分级：G1 1例、G3 12例。肾盂输尿管肿瘤4例：T1N0M0和T2N0M0各2例，G2 3例、G3 1例．结果17例手术均顺利，其中1例肿瘤直径10cm者扩大手术切口取出标本。手术时间平均111min，平均出血90ml。未出现并发症。病理报告：肾透明细胞癌10例，嗜色细胞癌2例，血管平滑肌脂肪瘤1例；肾盂移行细胞癌3例，原发性输尿管移行细胞癌1例。17例随访2—21个月，平均12．8个月，均健在，未见肿瘤复发。结论该手术具有手术时间短，安全可靠，患者恢复快，操作简单等优点，是一种实用的手术方法。     

原发性肾肉瘤的诊治及预后(附6例报告及文献复习)

目的：探讨原发性肾肉瘤的诊断方法、病理学特点、治疗手段及影响预后的因素。方法：回顾性分析1998～2007年期间收治的6例原发性肾肉瘤患者的临床资料：男5例,女1例,年龄39～72岁,平均58岁。左肾肿瘤3例,右肾肿瘤3例。表现为腹痛3例,腹部包块1例,阴囊坠胀1例,无症状1例。肿瘤直径2．5～13cm&#183;平均8．1cm。T1N0M0期2例,T2T0M0期1例,L3bN1M0期1例,T4NxM1期2例。6例患者术前影像学资料均诊断为肾脏恶性肿瘤。2例T1N0M0期、1例T2N0M0期及2例T1N0M1期患者均行肾癌根治术,1例T3bN1M0期患者行肾脏姑息性切除术。4例术后实施化疗。结果：术后病理检查示平滑肌肉瘤5例,癌肉瘤1例。术后3例随访6个月～3年,其中1例（T2N0M0）于术后2年发现腹膜后转移,并于术后3年死亡,1例（T4NxM1）于术后2个月发现双肺转移,1例（T1N0M0）无瘤存活。结论：腹痛及包块是肾肉瘤的常见症状,其恶性程度高,预后差。病理分期是影响预后的重要因素。手术是其主要治疗方式,术后是否化疗尚存在争议。     

腹腔镜下根治性肾切除手术技巧和105例经验

目的 探讨经腹腔入路腹腔镜下根治性肾切除(LRN)的手术操作技巧. 方法 对2008年12月至2010年12月收治的105例肾肿瘤患者采用经腹腔入路行LRN.肿瘤位于左肾51例,右肾54例,直径(5.8 ±2.4)cm.术前肿瘤分期为T1N0M048例,T2N0M0 51例,T3aN0M06例.术中均以生殖静脉为标志寻找肾动、静脉并依次结扎,完整切除标本后经耻骨上Pfannensteil切口取出. 结果 105例均成功施行经腹腔“生殖静脉标志法”LRN,28例肾上极肿瘤切除同侧肾上腺,16例加行区域淋巴结清扫.无中转开放手术者,无肝、脾、肠管等重要脏器损伤.手术时间44～78 min,平均(55±11)min.术中出血量35～600 ml,平均(85±26)ml.术后住院时间4～11 d,平均(6±2)d.主要并发症有血管损伤3例,膈肌损伤1例,淋巴漏2例.术后临床病理分期为T1N0M044例,T1N1M01例,T2 N0 M0 47例,T2N1M0 1例,T3aN0M0 7例,T3aN1M0 1例,T4N0M0 2例,良性病变2例.术后随访9～33个月,平均18个月,出现切口疝1例,局部复发1例,死于肺转移1例. 结论 经腹途径“生殖静脉标志法”LRN可准确定位、迅速结扎肾蒂大血管,术中无严重副损伤,术后恢复快、并发症少.Pfannensteil切口创伤小,符合美学要求.     

Renal cell carcinoma, primary lesion which was not easily identified: report of two cases

We report two cases of renal cell carcinoma, primary lesions of which were not diagnosed at an early stage. The first case was a 58-year-old woman, who had nephrectomy due to staghorn calculus of left kidney. Fifteen months later, she died of metastatic cancer whose origin was unknown until the left kidney was re-examined. It was sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma. The second case was 43-year-old woman, who had amputation of right index finger due to metastatic tumor. Renal cell carcinoma was highly suspected, but no tumor could be found in her kidneys although various urological examinations were performed. Two years later, abdominal CT scan showed a space-occupying lesion (SOL) of left kidney. She had left nephrectomy, and the origin was finally identified.     

原发性肾窦肿瘤三例报告

目的 总结原发性肾窦肿瘤的临床特点及治疗方法.方法 原发性肾窦肿瘤患者3例.女2例,男1例.平均年龄40(33～55)岁.临床表现为腰痛伴血尿1例,单纯腰部疼痛2例.肿瘤位于右侧2例,左侧1例.直径平均5.5(3.5～8.5)cm.3例均经行手术治疗. 结果行右肾窦肿瘤探查术1例,术中病理提示良性肿瘤,单纯切除肿瘤,病理报告为血管平滑肌瘤,随访3年未见复发.1例术中因肿瘤出血及肾盂破坏严重,行右肾切除,病理报告为血管平滑肌脂肪瘤,随访10个月未见复发.1例因肿瘤包绕肾动静脉,局部严重黏连,行左肾切除术,病理报告为脂肪瘤,随访4年未见肿瘤复发.结论 原发性肾窦肿瘤临床罕见,多为良性,易误诊为肾盂肿瘤,CT、MRI、IVU检查有助于鉴别;良性肿瘤直径<4 cm且无症状者可密切随访,有症状或直径>4 cm者可行肿瘤切除;肿瘤累及肾蒂并严重破坏肾盂者可行单纯肾切除;恶性肿瘤应行根治性肾切除.     

A papillary adenocarcinoma of the kidney--a case report

A 57-year-old man was admitted to our hospital complaining of nausea, vomiting and fever of 38.7 degrees C. He was diagnosed as having acute cholecystitis with gallstones. Abdominal CT, however, incidentally revealed a space-occupying solid mass lesion at the upper pole of the left kidney. The feature of the lesion on ultrasonography was similar to that of renal simple cyst. The renal angiography showed that the tumor was avascular. Aspiration biopsy was done. Cytologically, small tumor cells forming cell clusters had scanty granular cytoplasms and small round or oval shaped nuclei sized 13-15 mu. The chromatin was diffusely distributed and increasing its density. Nucleoli were not so evident and if existing, usually small. Fatty stain was positive at granules in the cytoplasms. Radical nephrectomy was performed on August 28, 1984. Pathological examination revealed that almost all components of the tumor consisted of typical papillary renal adenocarcinoma, and staging was pT2, pN0, pV0, M0, INF alpha. Alpha-type interferon to a total doze of 11,700 X 10(4) units was administered intramuscularly daily for a month after the operation. By January 11, 1986, no evidence of tumor recurrence was noted.     

原发性肾脏类癌2例报告并文献复习

目的：探讨原发性肾脏类癌的临床特征及诊治方法。方法：总结2例原发性肾脏类癌患者的临床资料结合文献复习讨论。例1,女,48岁。因右腰酸痛1个月入院。B超示右肾中上极中等回声占位,边界清楚,内有血流信号。CT示右肾中上极10．0cm×7．5cm实性占位,增强后病灶均匀轻度强化。例2,男,44岁。体检发现左肾占岱40天入院。B超示左肾门处中等回声占位,边界清楚,内有血流信号。CT示左肾中极肾门处3．7cm×3．5cm实性占位,增强后病灶均匀轻度强化;其内伴-钙化点。结果：2例均行根治性肾切除术。病理检查镜下肿瘤细胞形态为多边形,嗜酸性颗粒状细胞质,边界不清,呈柱状或缎带状排列混合有实性巢状排列;细胞核呈园形大小一致,核分裂像难见。免疫组化：突触素、波形蛋白均为阳性。病理诊断为肾脏类癌伴淋巴结转移。例1术后30个月死于肝骨转移;例2术后随访26个月,未见肿瘤复发转移。结论：原发性肾脏类癌临床罕见,易发生淋巴结转移,确诊依靠病理学检查,根治性肾切除应为治疗原发性肾类癌的首选方法。     

A case report of extensively calcified renal cell carcinoma

A 73-year-old woman visited another hospital with complaints of occasional episodes of gross hematuria. A computed tomographic (CT) scan revealed extensive calcification in the left kidney, and she was referred to our hospital for further examinations. The physical examination was unremarkable other than mild back pain on her left side. Blood chemistry was normal. The CT scan revealed a mildly enhanced tumor of 6 cm in diameter accompanied by extensive calcification in the left kidney. Angiography revealed a hypovascular tumor in the left kidney. A left radical nephrectomy was carried out. Gross appearance of the specimen showed extensive calcification from the renal pelvic to the parenchyma of the lower pole of the left kidney. The histopathological diagnosis was renal cell carcinoma, alveolar type, mixed subtype, pT2pN0pM0.     

三例肾脏原发少见肿瘤的临床特征及诊治分析

目的总结分析3例肾脏原发少见肿瘤的临床特征及诊治方法,提高对肾脏原发少见肿瘤的认识。 方法回顾性分析2018年5月至9月于中山大学附属第七医院泌尿外科诊治的术后病理证实的3例肾脏原发少见肿瘤的临床资料。 结果3例患者分别为：（1）54岁女性,因体检发现左肾占位1周入院,CT提示左肾巨大软组织肿块及肾门多个肿大淋巴结,行腹腔镜下根治性左肾切除术+淋巴结清扫术,术后病理：肾黏液管状与梭形细胞癌,术后3个月随访肿瘤无复发转移;（2）44岁男性,因左侧腰腹部胀痛1个月入院,MR提示左肾巨大占位病变,开放探查见肿瘤与降结肠粘连明显,遂行根治性左肾切除+降结肠部分切除术,术后病理：肾脏癌肉瘤,术后1个月局部复发并腹腔内多发转移,入肿瘤内科后辅以紫杉醇+多柔比星化疗及阿帕替尼靶向治疗,目前未观察到肿瘤继续恶化;（3）70岁男性,因左侧腰痛伴肉眼血尿3个月入院,CT提示左肾上极不规则低密度灶及腹膜后多发肿大淋巴结,行腹腔镜下根治性左肾切除+淋巴结清扫术,术后病理：高级别浸润性尿路上皮癌,拟二次手术,患者拒绝,术后6个月随访肿瘤无复发转移。 结论肾脏原发少见肿瘤临床症状及影像学表现常无明显特异性,容易误诊,应注意鉴别诊断,治疗以根治性切除为主,部分肿瘤预后不良,术后需密切随访,必要时尽早辅以放化疗及靶向治疗。     

Renal adenoma treated with partial nephrectomy: a case report

We report a case of renal adenoma which was diagnosed as renal cell carcinoma preoperatively. A 78-year-old man, who had been under observation for bladder cancer for 4 years, was incidentally found to have a small right renal tumor at follow-up computed tomography (CT). Enhanced CT demonstrated a tumor which was hypervascular, 10 x 10 mm size, at the lower pole of the right kidney. There was no evidence of distant metastasis. The preoperative diagnosis was renal cell carcinoma, cT1aN0M0, and we performed right partial nephrectomy. The histopathorogical finding was renal adenoma. Renal adenomas are benign tumors and not uncommon in autopsy cases. However, when they are detected clinically, it is difficult to distinguish them from renal cell carcinoma preoperatively.     

Multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma: report of a case

We report a case of multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma seen in a 54-year-old man. At the annual health check he was found to have numerous cysts of various sizes in the lower pole of the left kidney. Plain CT scan disclosed a mass in the lower pole of the left kidney. On enhanced CT scan septa were visible, suggesting a multilocular cyst. Left renal arteriography disclosed a hypervascular mass in the lower pole of the left kidney. Radical nephrectomy was performed. The gross appearance of the cut surface showed a feature of multilocular cyst. The histopathological diagnosis was clear cell carcinoma. We describe the clinical features of multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma and discuss the differential diagnosis.     

肾类癌1例报道并文献复习

目的探讨肾类癌的临床病理特征。方法对1例肾类癌的临床资料进行分析并结合文献复习。结果 59岁女性患者体检时偶然发现无症状左肾肿物,患者无类癌综合征。CT示左肾下极肿物,直径约3.8 cm,边界清楚,强化不明显。患者行经腹膜后途径根治性左肾切除术。免疫组织化学染色显示突触素,CD56,神经元特异性烯醇酶,波形蛋白,CK18呈阳性。病理诊断：左肾类癌T1a期。术后未行辅助治疗,随诊17个月未见肿瘤复发或转移。结论肾类癌极其罕见,确诊依赖病理学及免疫组织化学检查。局限性肾类癌的治疗首选完整的外科切除,其预后相对较好。     

Collecting duct carcinoma with long survival treated by partial nephrectomy

A case is reported of collecting duct carcinoma of the left kidney treated with partial nephrectomy. A 57-year-old woman presented for evaluation of the left renal mass, which was detected by screening ultrasonography. A computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging showed a solid mass at the upper pole of the left kidney. The renal tumor biopsy revealed a low-grade renal cell carcinoma or a tubulopapillary adenoma. Subsequently, left partial nephrectomy was performed. Microscopically, the tumor showed tubulopapillary proliferation with a fibrous capsule. Histochemically, the tumor cells reacted with lectins or antibodies against the collecting duct. Twenty-four months after partial nephrectomy, the patient is alive and has no distant metastatic lesions. We review the literature on collecting duct carcinoma, in addition to the case of partial nephrectomy.