阵发性室性心动过速的治疗

室性心动过速是指发生于希氏束分叉以下的一组快速性心律失常,频率>100/min,自发的至少连续3个,心电程序至少连续6个室性搏动,根据室性心动过速持续发生时间以及血流动力学影响分为:①持续性室性心动过速,即每次发作持续时间>30s或虽然未达到30s但患者已发生意识丧失,须立即复律者.②非持续性室性心动过速,发作持续时间<30s的室性心动过速,常能自行终止.根据室性心动过速发作时心电图QRS波形特征分为:单形性室性心动过速,QRS波行一致的室性心动过速.多形性室性心动过速,即QRS具有多种不同形态的室性心动过速.③Q-T间期延长的多形性室性心动过速,即尖端扭转型室性心动过速,阵发性发作,可自行终止,心室率一般为200～250/min,R-R间隔不齐,QRS波的极性每经过数个心动周期沿轴线发生一次扭转,常伴有Q-T间期延长.     

多形性室性心动过速与QT间期的关系及治疗

目的：探讨多形性室性心动过速与QT间期的关系及相应治疗手段。方法：对16例多形性室性心动过速患者分别同步描记12导联心电图,测量QT间期,测定电解质及肝肾功能。并给予相应的治疗手段,观察临床疗效。结果：16例患者伴发于QT间期延长8例,其中获得性6例,先天性2例;伴发QT间期正常者8例,其中6例与冠心病有关,2例发生于极短联律间期室性早搏后。14例临床治疗有效,2例死于心室纤颤。结论：多形性室性心动过速易转化为心室纤颤,病死率高,对不同类型多形性室速应细心分类,区别对待。     

室性心动过速的心电图分型与诊断（2）

宽QRS心动过速中,80%为室速。其他心律失常有束支内蝉联现象、束支传导阻滞和逆传型房室折返性心动过速等。支持室速的依据有QRS电轴指向无人区、心前导联QRS主波方向一致性、V1导联出现宽大"r"波或呈qR、RR′型、室性融合波、房室脱节等。根据心电图波形和发生机制不同而分为单形性室性心动过速、特发性室性心动过速、束支折返性室性心动过速、分支性室性心动过速、并行心律性室性心动过速、多形性室性心动过速、扭转型室性心动过速、双向性心动过速。     

室性心动过速的心电图分型与诊断（1）

宽QRS心动过速中，80％为室速。其他心律失常有束支内蝉联现象、束支传导阻滞和逆传型房室折返性心动过速等。支持室速的依据有QRS电轴指向无人区、心前导联QRS主波方向一致性、V1导联出现宽大“r”波或呈qR、RR’型、室性融合波、房室脱节等。根据心电图波形和发生机制不同而分为单形性室性心动过速、特发性室性心动过速、束支折返性室性心动过速、分支性室性心动过速、并行心律性室性心动过速、多形性室性心动过速、扭转型室性心动过速、双向性心动过速。     

室性心动过速23例的病因及治疗分析

室性心动过速(简称室速)的病情凶险,但处理得当可使患者转危为安.本文收集1985～1995年在我院明确诊断的室性心动过速23例.现对其病因及治疗分析如下.1 临床资料本组男11例,女12例;年龄17～84岁.按室速发作时的临床表现分:阵发性持续性室性心动过速10例;多形性室性心动过速伴QT间期延长即尖端扭转型室性心动过速8例;多形性室性心动过速伴     

动态心电图检出老年患者短阵室性心动过速72例分析

目的探讨老年患者短阵室性心动过速的临床意义和发生机制。方法采用24h动态心电图检测122例门诊及住院病人，对检出的72例短阵室性心动过速的老年患者进行分析。结果冠心病、高血压病及高血压并冠心病出现室性心动过速的发生率分别为63％、58％、63％。结论室性心律失常多发生在冠心病、高血压病等基础上，与心肌缺血、左室肥厚、低血钾有关，对于这些患者应积极治疗病因。     

低血钾所致尖端扭转型室性心动过速6例报告

<正> 自Dessertenne1966年提出尖端扭转型室性心动过速(简称扭转型室速)的概念以来,对其病因、病理及治疗已有进一步认识。诱发本病的原因很多,国内报道以低血钾最常见。我院近几年抢救低血钾所致扭转型室速6例,简要报告如下。     

老年患消化道感染的有效管理

低血钾常引起室性心律失常(室性早搏、室性心动过速),但引起缓慢性心律失常较为少见,现将我院1984—2000年低血钾所致的缓慢性心律失常15例进行分析报告如下。     

多形性室性心动过速(附7例报告)

多形性室性心动过速(以下简称多形性室速),亦称为扭转型室性心动过速,它是一种特殊类型的室性心动过速。Dessertenne于1966年首先对做了系统的描述。其病因、发病机理、临床、心电图表现及在治疗上均与一般室性心动过速不同。临床症状凶险,如抢救不及时或处理欠妥可转为室扑、室颤而猝死。相反如处理得当可转危为安。因此、有讨论的必要。现将我们收治的7例报告如下。     

多形性室性心动过速

多形性室性心动过速(PolymorphousVentricular Tachycardia—简称多形性室速)是一种特殊类型的心律失常,其病情险恶,如缺乏正确认识,处理不当,往往危及生命。近年来由于心脏监护和动态心电图记录的广泛应用,对多形性室速的认识有所发展。本文就其认识的发展、心电图特征、病因、发病机制、诊断和治疗做一综述。 一、尖端扭转型室性心动过速(“Tor-     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.