Hypodermic needles: a new source of penetrating ocular trauma in Indian children.

PURPOSE: To study the clinico-microbiologic profile and visual prognosis of ocular injuries caused by disposable hypodermic needles used by children to squirt water. METHODS: We analyzed 19 consecutive cases of hypodermic needle injury seen at our institute. RESULTS: The average age of the patients was 10.3 years (range, 4-20 years). A small self-sealed corneal or scleral laceration was seen in 11 eyes; in 8 eyes, the site of injury was occult. Initial visual acuity was no light perception (3 eyes) or hand motion or light perception (16 eyes). Surgery in 18/19 eyes included vitrectomy with intraocular antibiotic injections for endophthalmitis (14 eyes), evisceration for panophthalmitis (2 eyes), and cataract extraction for traumatic cataract (2 eyes). Final visual acuity was no light perception or light perception only in 10 eyes, 20/400-20/60 in three eyes, and 20/40 or better in six eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Severe ocular morbidity may result from improper disposal of hypodermic needles.     

Needle penetration of the globe during retrobulbar and peribulbar injections

The charts of 23 patients with needle penetration of the globe during retrobulbar or peribulbar injections between January 1980 and May 1990 were reviewed. Possible needle penetration risk factors included high myopia, previous scleral buckling procedures, injection by nonophthalmologists, and poor patient cooperation during the injection. Of the 23 cases of ocular penetration, 16 (70%) were from sharp (22-, 23-, and 25-gauge) needles, and 7 (30%) were from blunt (23- and 25-gauge) needles. Management options depended on the severity of the intraocular injury. Retinal breaks without retinal detachment were treated by laser photocoagulation (four cases) or cryopexy (one case) and were observed in three cases. More advanced complications (retinal detachment and vitreous hemorrhage) were usually treated by pars plana vitrectomy with or without a scleral buckle (12 of 14 cases). The final visual acuity was 20/400 or better in only 2 of the 14 retinal detachment cases. In cases without retinal detachment, the final visual acuity was 20/50 or better in 7 of 9 cases.     

Silicone oil in the surgical treatment of endophthalmitis associated with retinal detachment

Purpose: To investigate the useof silicone oil in thepatients who had undergone vitrectomy for the treatment of endophthalmitis associated with retinal detachment.Methods: Six consecutive cases of endophthalmitis associated with retinal detachment were included in the study. The mean age of the 4 males and 2 females was 47.25 ± 23.76 years. Endophthalmitis associated with retinal detachment occurred following perforating injuries in 4 eyes, pneumatic retinopexy in 1 eye and cataract surgery complicated with vitreous loss in 1 eye. Preoperative visual acuity was light perception-only in all eyes. Red reflex was absent in all eyes. All the patients underwent vitreous tapping,encirclement, vitrectomy ,liquid-gasexchange, endolaser photocoagulation and silicone oil injection. Results: Mean follow-up time was 14.3 ± 7.20 months. The microorganisms that were isolated from the vitreous aspiration were Staphylococcus epidermidis in 3 cases, Staphylococcus aureus in 1 case. Remaining cases were culture negative. Retinal breaks could be found in 4 eyes. Inflammation subsided significantly at 5 days in all cases. Final retinal reattachment and treatment of endophthalmitis was achieved in 5 eyes at the end of follow-up . Final visual acuity was 20/40 in 1 case, counting finger in 4 cases and no light perception in 1 case. The postoperative complications were optic atrophy in 1 eye, epiretinal membrane in 2 eyes and phitisis bulbi in 1 eye.Conclusion: Silicone oil, a retinal tamponading agent that has antimicrobial activity, may have benefical effect in the surgical treatment of endophthalmitis associated with retinal detachment.     

Relationship between clinical presentation and visual outcome in postoperative and posttraumatic endophthalmitis in south central India

PURPOSE: To determine risk factors for poor visual outcome in postoperative and posttraumatic endophthalmitis in a large referral center in south central India. METHODS: In this prospective observational series the authors examined 388 patients of postoperative (n= 206) and posttraumatic (n= 182) endophthalmitis at the L V Prasad Eye Institute in Hyderabad, India between 1991 and 1997.The analysis was confined to 236 patients-128 (62.1%) postoperative and 108 (59.3%) posttraumatic patients who were followed for a minimum period of 3 months. A detailed protocol was followed. Chi-square and logistic regression analysis were used to determine risk factors for visual outcome worse than 6/18 and worse than 6/120. RESULTS: Postoperative endophthalmitis: In univariate analysis the features associated with poor visual acuity (grouped as < 6/18 and < 6/120) included intracapsular cataract surgery, poor presenting visual acuity, presence of vitreous cells, inability to visualise the optic disc on indirect ophthalmoscopy, presence of vitreous membranes on ultrasonography, and a culture-positive vitreous biopsy. In the multivariate analysis, visual acuity of less or equal light perception (LP) at presentation was associated with a 3-month postoperative visual acuity of < 6/18, with an odds ratio of 5.85 [1.25 - 27.42, 95% CI], and vitreous membranes seen on ultrasonography was associated with a final visual acuity of < 6/120, with an odds ratio of 2.47 [1.05 - 5.83, 95% CI]. Posttraumatic endophthalmitis: In univariate analysis the features associated with poor visual acuity (grouped as < 6/18 and < 6/120) included a retained intraocular foreign body (IOFB), trauma by needle (hypodermic or sewing), poor presenting visual acuity, inability to visualise the optic disc on indirect ophthalmoscopy, presence of vitreous membranes on ultrasonography, and a culture-positive vitreous biopsy. In multivariate analysis, IOFB was associated with a 3-month follow-up visual acuity of < 6/18, with an odds ratio of 5.90 [1.85 - 18.78, 95% CI], and trauma by a needle (hypodermic or sewing) and retained IOFB was associated with a final visual acuity of < 6/120, with an odds ratio of 4.47 [1.22 - 16.38, 95%CI] and 3.76 [1.36 - 10.37, 95% CI] respectively. CONCLUSION: This is the largest, single-centre, prospective study on risk factors for poor visual outcome in postoperative and posttraumatic endophthalmitis. The independent risk factor for 3-month follow-up visual acuity of < 6/18 was the presenting visual acuity of < or =LP in postoperative endophthalmitis and a retained IOFB in posttraumatic endophthalmitis. The independent risk factor for 3-month visual acuity of < 6/120 was the presence of vitreous membranes on ultrasonography in postoperative endophthalmitis, and trauma by a needle (hypodermic/ sewing) and retained IOFB in posttraumatic endophthalmitis.     

Retinal tears and retinal detachment as factors affecting visual outcome after cataract extraction complicated by posteriorly dislocated lens material

PURPOSE: To evaluate the incidence and effect on visual acuity of complicating factors such as retinal tears (RTs) and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in eyes with posteriorly dislocated lens fragments after cataract extraction. METHODS: Retrospective consecutive series of patients presenting at a referral vitreoretinal practice with posteriorly dislocated lens material after cataract extraction over a period of 8 years. The presence of RT, RRD, endophthalmitis, and choroidal hemorrhage was noted, and their effect on visual outcome was studied. RESULTS: A total of 307 eyes with posteriorly dislocated lens material after cataract extraction were identified. Fifty-eight eyes (19%) were managed medically (Group I), whereas the other 249 eyes (81%) underwent pars plana vitrectomy for removal of the lens material (Group II). Indications for surgical management included uncontrolled inflammation, elevated intraocular pressure, and large lens fragments. No eyes in Group I developed RT or RRD. Of the 249 Group II eyes, 13 (5%) were found to have RT, and 25 (10%) developed RRD. In Group II, choroidal hemorrhage and endophthalmitis were noted in 12 (5%) and 4 (2%) eyes, respectively. Fifty-one (88%) of 58 eyes in Group I and 138 (55%) of 249 eyes in Group II achieved a final visual acuity of 20/40 or better. Seven (54%) of the 13 eyes with RT and 9 (36%) of the 25 eyes with RRD achieved a final visual acuity of 20/40 or better. In the RRD group, 9 (56%) of the 16 macula-on eyes achieved a final visual acuity of 20/40 or better, whereas none of the 9 macula-off eyes had a final visual acuity of 20/40 or better. None of the 4 eyes with endophthalmitis and only 1 (8%) of the 12 eyes with choroidal hemorrhage had a final visual acuity of 20/40 or better. Five (62%) of eight eyes with retinal detachment treated with pneumatic retinopexy needed further treatment with scleral buckle to achieve anatomical reattachment. CONCLUSION: A good visual outcome (20/40 or better) is possible in eyes with posteriorly dislocated lens fragments after cataract extraction, even when retinal tears or macula-on retinal detachment is present. The presence of a macula-off retinal detachment, however, has a significant adverse effect on the visual outcome. Pneumatic retinopexy is not associated with retinal reattachment in many cases and is not preferred.     

Vitrectomy in secondary complications caused by intraocular foreign body

Endophthalmitis and reduced vision as late complications of penetrating ocular injuries cause specific diagnostic problems. A persisting endopthalmitis may be caused by unnoticed organic foreign bodies (f.b.) like lashes or a splinter of glas. Endophthalmitis recurring months or years after a perforating injury indicates the possibility of a spontaneous mobilization of a f.b. Vitrectomy and removal of the f.b. is the therapy of choice in either situation. Five typical cases are presented: lashes encapsulated in the ciliary body following a limbal perforation; an intraretinal incarceration of a lash of unknown history; spontaneous dislocation of a glas splinter from the ciliary body into the anterior chamber; delayed spontaneous translocation of a 10 x 11 mm metallic f.b. from tenon's space transsclerally into the subretinal space leading to endophthalmitis one year after a severe perforating injury; secondary mobilization of an intraretinal piece of stone during a posterior hyaloid detachment. In each case, vitrectomy was performed and the f.b. removed via pars plana. Secondary surgery for retinal detachment or PVR was necessary in 2 cases. The final visual acuity was 20/20 in 3 cases and 10/20 or better in 2 cases.     

球旁注射针头刺破眼球12例临床分析

目的 分析球旁注射针头误刺入眼内的症状、临床表现,探讨其防治方法。方法 对12例球旁注射针头误刺入眼内的临床表现和疗效进行回顾性分析。其中1例为普通5号齿科长针头,11例使用一次性注射器针。2例为手术球旁注射局部麻醉药物者,余均为球旁注射糖皮质激素和（或）抗生素治疗的患者。结果 注射后临床表现：急性视力下降、眼痛、玻璃体出血、玻璃体内残存的白色皮质激素,视网膜裂孔及脱离,高眼压或低眼压,白内障术后伤口裂开,治疗：主要为玻璃体手术和修补伤口,术后视力≤0.05者6例。结论 刺破眼球是球旁注射的严重并发症,重在预防。     

眼球穿孔伤致化脓性眼内炎治疗失败原因分析

目的 探讨眼球穿孔伤所致化脓性眼内炎治疗失败的原因。方法 小儿因眼球穿孔伤致化脓性眼内炎23例，伤后经5—17天药物治疗无效后转手术治疗。术前视力光感—数指，前房渗出、积脓及玻璃体积脓。所有病例均行玻璃体切除手术。术后继续抗生素和皮质类固醇药物治疗，随访3—8周。结果 手术中见所有病例在锯齿缘处有厚密的奶油样脓液，因粘连紧密无法完全切除。3例发生医源性视网膜裂孔，采用硅油填充术。20例术后发生视网膜脱离，8例再次接受手术治疗。14例玻璃体培养为阴性结果。术后眼内炎控制，但因视网膜脱离最终全部术眼眼球萎缩。结论 眼球穿孔伤所致化脓性眼内炎，一旦锯齿缘出现难以清除的奶油样脓液，治疗极为困难且预后极差。     

Transsclerally fixated intraocular lenses in children

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the visual outcome and complications of transsclerally fixated intraocular lenses (IOLs) in children without sufficient capsular support. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-one aphakic eyes of 18 children (13 boys and 5 girls) who underwent secondary transscleral IOL fixation were evaluated retrospectively. Ten eyes with aphakia after infantile cataract surgery, 7 aphakic eyes following traumatic cataract surgery, and 4 eyes after ectopia lentis surgery received secondary transscleral posterior chamber IOL fixation because of by insufficient posterior capsular support. Visual outcomes and postoperative complications were recorded. RESULTS: After a mean follow up of 22.5 months (range, 12 to 36 months), visual improvement of more than 2 Snellen lines was observed in 9 eyes (42.8 %). Preoperative visual acuity could not be assessed in 7 eyes (33.3%) because of associated neurological and developmental disorders. One eye (4.7%) lost 2 Snellen lines of the best corrected visual acuity because of concurrent endophthalmitis and retinal detachment. Pupillary distortion, transient pupillary membrane, pupillary capture as well as strabismus and anterior uveitis, were the most common complications. Endophthalmitis and retinal detachment were the most severe postoperative complications. CONCLUSION: Transsclerally fixated IOL implantation may be visually rewarding in well selected pediatric cases, but the potential complications would suggest extreme caution in its consideration. Until long-term studies are published, it is difficult to recommend implantation unless it is deemed impossible to provide adequate rehabilitation by other means such as contact lenses or aphakic spectacles.     

Endophthalmitis caused by Moraxella species.

PURPOSE: To report the incidence, clinical presentation, antibiotic sensitivities, and treatment outcomes for endophthalmitis caused by Moraxella species. METHODS: Consecutive interventional case series. Medical records were reviewed of all patients treated at Bascom Palmer Eye Institute between 1991 and 2000 for endophthalmitis caused by Moraxella species. RESULTS: Moraxella species were recovered from 9 patients (10 eyes), or 1.3% (10 of 757) of all culture-proven bacterial endophthalmitis cases; Moraxella catarrhalis was recovered from 7 eyes and Moraxella osloensis from 3. Endophthalmitis was delayed-onset (5 months to 10 years postoperatively) and bleb-associated in 9 eyes and trauma-related in 1. All isolates were sensitive to ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, and the aminoglycosides, and they were resistant to vancomycin; resistance to ampicillin and trimethoprim/sulfa was 11%. Although presenting vision was hand motion or worse in 7 of 10 eyes, all but 3 regained baseline visual acuity (including two eyes in which the post-treatment course was complicated by retinal detachment and one eye with coexistent traumatic injuries). CONCLUSION: Endophthalmitis caused by Moraxella species is usually delayed-onset and bleb-associated. Although patients usually present with a profound decrease in vision, the organisms are sensitive to most antibiotics and, unlike most series of delayed-onset bleb-associated endophthalmitis, visual outcomes are generally good unless coexistent ocular morbidities exist.     

白内障摘出术后急性眼内炎的治疗

目的探讨白内障摘出术后急性眼内炎的病因、临床特点、治疗及预防。方法对15例（15眼）经临床或病理诊断为白内障摘出术后急性眼内炎，进行治疗和疗效分析。结果15例中，13例行玻璃体切除联合注药术，2例行前房冲洗和药物治疗，其中10例术中摘出人工晶状体，所有患眼炎症均被控制；1例眼球萎缩；10例最终视力低于0．1。结论白内障摘出术后急性眼内炎经及时治疗可控制炎症，但视力预后差。预防主要依靠各环节的无菌操作。     

前房维持器在合并外伤性白内障的眼内异物伤玻璃体手术中的应用

目的评价前房维持器灌注在对选择的病例行外伤性白内障摘出联合眼内异物摘出的玻璃体手术中的应用效果。方法36例（36眼）眼球穿孔伤合并白内障及眼内异物,排除术前已诊断合并视网膜脱离、外伤性眼内炎者。白内障摘出术中在前房维持器液体灌注下行白内障皮质清除,然后继续应用前房维持器行眼内液体灌注,联合20G玻璃体手术摘出眼后段异物,人工晶状体植入。术中始终应用前房维持器行眼内液体灌注。结果36例眼内异物均成功摘出。术后视力提高者36例,其中视力达0．1以上者34例（94％）。无大泡性角膜病变发生。1例视网膜脱离,经巩膜扣带术视网膜复位。结论经前房维持器灌注可代替经巩膜切口灌注应用于外伤性白内障摘出联合眼内异物摘出的玻璃体手术中,提供了另一种眼内液体灌注方式,可减少并发症。     

Endophthalmitis caused by enterococcus faecalis: antibiotic selection and treatment outcomes

PURPOSE: To investigate clinical settings, treatment strategies, and visual acuity outcomes of endophthalmitis caused by Enterococcus faecalis and to determine antibiotic sensitivity and resistance patterns. DESIGN: Retrospective, noncomparative, consecutive case series. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: Records were reviewed of all patients with culture-positive endophthalmitis caused by E. faecalis evaluated at the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute between January 1, 1990, and December 31, 2001. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Associated prior surgical procedures, clinical features, treatments administered, antibiotic sensitivity and resistance patterns, and final visual outcomes. RESULTS: Endophthalmitis caused by E. faecalis was identified in 29 eyes of 29 patients. The mean follow-up was 17.8 months (range, 0.1-86.7 months). Endophthalmitis caused by E. faecalis was associated with, in order of decreasing frequency, cataract surgery in 12 of 29 eyes (41.4%), trabeculectomy in 8 of 29 eyes (27.6%), penetrating keratoplasty in 4 of 29 eyes (13.8%), combined cataract and trabeculectomy in 3 of 29 eyes (10.3%), seton implantation in 1 of 29 eyes (3.5%), and pupilloplasty in 1 of 29 eyes (3.5%). Resistance patterns among the isolates were the following: vancomycin in 0 of 23 eyes (0.0%), linezolid in 0 of 29 eyes (0.0%), ciprofloxacin in 1 of 14 eyes (7.1%), gentamicin (minimum inhibitory concentration >8 mg/l) in 8 of 16 eyes (50.0%), high-level gentamicin (minimum inhibitory concentration >500 mg/l) in 5 of 29 eyes (17.2%), cefazolin in 7 of 8 eyes (87.5%), and quinupristin and dalfopristin in 29 of 29 eyes (100.0%). Preinfection baseline visual acuities ranged from 20/30 to hand motions. Visual acuities on presentation with endophthalmitis ranged from 2/200 to no light perception. Final visual acuity was better than or equal to 20/50 in two cases (6.9%), 20/60 to 20/400 in three cases (10.3%), 5/200 to hand motions in 10 cases (34.5%), and light perception to no light perception in 14 cases (48.3%). CONCLUSIONS: E. faecalis often is resistant to gentamicin and cephalosporins but was sensitive to vancomycin in all isolates tested. Endophthalmitis caused by E. faecalis usually is associated with poor visual outcomes.     

Short-term outcomes of 25-gauge vitrectomy with silicone oil for repair of complicated retinal detachment

PURPOSE: To investigate the short-term outcomes of 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) in 18 cases of complicated retinal detachment requiring silicone oil tamponade. METHODS: In this retrospective noncomparative review, the primary outcome measures included postoperative anatomical status, preoperative and postoperative visual acuity and intraocular pressure (IOP), cataract progression, development of keratopathy, and other complications. The average follow-up was 5 months (142 days). RESULTS: Thirteen (72.2%) of 18 patients had attachment postoperatively. There was no difference between preoperative visual acuity and visual acuity at the end of follow-up (P = 0.851). One patient (5.6%) who underwent concomitant penetrating keratoplasty had hypotony (IOP, <6 mmHg) postoperatively and until the end of follow-up. Ocular hypertension in two patients was controlled with antiglaucoma drops. Five (55.6%) of 9 patients who were initially phakic underwent cataract extraction or had documented cataract progression. There were no cases of keratopathy or endophthalmitis. Four patients had intraocular or retinal hemorrhage. Two patients developed significant macular epiretinal membranes, and one developed a parafoveal hole. CONCLUSIONS: Sutureless 25-gauge PPV with silicone oil is a relatively safe and comparable alternative to 20-gauge PPV with silicone oil for repair of complicated retinal detachment.     

Recurrent endophthalmitis after neodymium: YAG laser capsulotomy

A 69-year-old woman underwent phacoemulsification and aspiration with intraocular lens implantation and sutureless wound closure in the right eye. Two days after cataract surgery, Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis occurred and was treated successfully. After neodymium: YAG laser capsulotomy 9 1/2 months later, endophthalmitis recurred, and retinal detachment ensued. Vitreous and aqueous cultures were negative for bacteria. Vitrectomy and removal of the intraocular lens were performed. The inflammation diminished, and visual acuity returned to 0.2.     

A case of bacterial endophthalmitis following perforating injury caused by a cat claw

A case of bacterial endophthalmitis following a perforating ocular injury caused by a cat claw is reported. The scleral wound was sutured immediately following the injury and systemic antibiotics were administered. Despite this treatment, endophthalmitis occurred 3 days after the injury. The endophthalmitis was resolved by pars plana vitrectomy, however preretinal reproliferation and retinal detachment subsequently occurred. After reoperation the retina was reattached and the corrected visual acuity improved from 10 cm/HM to 20/200. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was detected in cultured vitreous humor that was collected during surgery. This case illustrates the possibility of endophthalmitis being caused by gram negative bacillus in cases of perforating injuries caused by animal claws. Perforating ocular injuries caused by animal claws are relatively rare. Here we report a case of endophthalmitis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa that occurred after a perforating injury caused by a cat claw. The eye was treated by pars plana vitrectomy.     

Enterobacter cloacae Postsurgical Endophthalmitis: Report of a Positive Outcome

We report a positive outcome of postcataract endophthalmitis caused by Enterobacter cloacae, which has previously resulted in poor outcomes in endophthalmitis. A 67-year-old man underwent uncomplicated cataract surgery. On the morning of postoperative day (POD) #1, he had significant anterior chamber inflammation without pain, hypopyon, or vitritis but then rapidly developed hypopyon and worsening visual acuity. He underwent a tap and inject with vancomycin and ceftazidime and was prescribed topical steroids and antibiotics as well as oral levofloxacin. On POD #3, cultures of the vitreous and aqueous returned positive for E. cloacae. By POD #6, his hypopyon had resolved with improved vitritis, decreased inflammation, and visual acuity of 20/200. Two weeks after surgery, his best-corrected visual acuity was 20/60. Contrary to prior reports, we demonstrate that it is possible to achieve a good outcome in cases of E. cloacae endophthalmitis treated early with appropriate antibiotics and anti-inflammatory agents.Key words: Endophthalmitis, Gram-negative, Enterobacter cloacae, Cataract surgery     

Retinal detachment in myopic eyes after laser in situ keratomileusis

PURPOSE: To report the characteristics and surgical outcomes of rhegmatogenous retinal detachments in myopic eyes after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). METHODS: Clinical charts of patients that developed rhegmatogenous retinal detachment after LASIK were reviewed. Surgery to repair rhegmatogenous retinal detachment was performed in 31 eyes (mean follow-up of 14 months after vitreoretinal surgery). RESULTS: A total of 38,823 eyes underwent surgical correction of myopia from -0.75 to -29.00 D (mean -6.00 D). Thirty-three eyes (27 patients; frequency .08%) developed rhegmatogenous retinal detachment after LASIK; detachments occurred between 12 days and 60 months (mean 16.3 mo) after LASIK. Eyes that developed a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment had a mean -8.75 D before LASIK. Most rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and retinal breaks occurred in the temporal quadrants (71.1%). Final best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) of 20/40 or better was obtained in 38.7% of the 31 eyes (two patients refused surgery). Poor final visual acuity (20/200 or worse) occurred in 22.6% of eyes. Information regarding visual acuity after LASIK and before the development of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment was available in 24 eyes; 45.8% (11/24 eyes) lost two or more lines of visual acuity after vitreo-retinal surgery. Reasons for poor visual acuity included the development of proliferative vitreo-retinopathy (n=5), epiretinal membrane (n=1), chronicity of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (n=1), new breaks (n=1), displaced corneal flap (n=1), and cataract. CONCLUSIONS: Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment after LASIK for myopia is a serious complication. Final visual acuity may be limited by myopic degeneration, amblyopia, or delayed surgical repair.     

Pars plana vitrectomy for the management of retained lens material after cataract surgery

PURPOSE: To evaluate the management and outcomes of patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for retained lens material after cataract surgery; and to evaluate risk factors for poor visual outcome, retinal detachment, raised intraocular pressure (IOP), and cystoid macular edema (CME). DESIGN: Retrospective interventional consecutive case series. METHODS: setting: Institutional and Clinical practice. study population: Patients with retained lens material after cataract surgery who underwent vitrectomy at Sydney Eye Hospital between July 1, 1998 and October 31, 2003. intervention: Standard three-port PPV/lensectomy. main outcome measures: Final best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), retinal detachment, raised IOP, and CME. RESULTS: A total of 223 eyes of 223 patients were included, with a mean follow-up of 20.5 months after vitrectomy. Final BCVA was 6/12 or better in 159 patients (71.3%). Retinal detachment occurred in 20 patients (9%), with 11 diagnosed before or during vitrectomy, and nine occurring after vitrectomy. Ten patients (5.0%) developed raised IOP and 42 (23.2%) developed CME. Poor final visual acuity was associated with retinal detachment (P = .0026), and with poor visual acuity at presentation (P = .030). There was a significant association between retinal detachment and a long interval (>30 days) between cataract surgery and vitrectomy (P = .00047) and between retinal detachment and younger age (P = .0070). CONCLUSIONS: Visual acuity results in this study compared favorably with previously published reports. Although the overall rate of retinal detachment was low, it was significantly higher in those with a delayed interval between cataract surgery and vitrectomy, and was significantly associated with a poorer visual outcome.     

Long-term follow-up results of ilm peeling during vitrectomy surgery for premacular fibrosis

PURPOSE: To evaluate the outcomes of surgical removal of premacular fibrosis (PMF) with peeling of the internal limiting membrane (ILM). Determination of factors associated with favorable outcomes (visual acuity between 20/20 and 20/40). METHODS: Retrospective chart review, evaluating visual outcomes in 38 patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and triamcinolone-assisted ILM peeling by a single surgeon between December 2003 and December 2004. Data collected included visual acuity before and 3 months after surgery, and at final follow-up, as well as complications (cataract formation, endophthalmitis, retinal detachment, vitreous hemorrhage, retinal or subretinal hemorrhage, macular hole formation, cystoid macular edema [CME], and PMF recurrence). RESULTS: Pretreatment visual acuity averaged at 20/90. Vision improved or was unchanged in 89.5% of operated eyes with ILM peeling. Average follow-up was 20.2 months. The average improvement in visual acuity was 2.2 lines. The most common complication was cataract formation. There were no other complications until patients underwent cataract extraction. Two patients developed CME within 4 weeks of cataract surgery. Biomicroscopic recurrence of PMF was an asymptomatic and rare event with an incidence of 2.6% (n = 1 of 38 patients). No adverse outcomes were noted in patients with higher levels of visual acuity and these were in fact the patients with best final visual acuity. CONCLUSION: ILM peeling may not have the harmful consequences previously attributed to it. Stripping of the ILM may reduce reformation rates of PMF. Surgical removal of PMF with ILM peeling was not associated with unfavorable outcomes in our group of patients.