影响慢性肾脏病2～3期的危险因素及治疗进展

慢性肾脏病（CKD）根据临床表现的严重程度和是否存在并发症,以及对预后的影响,可分为5期,CKD2～3期是指肾小球滤过率（GFR）在30-89ml·min^-1·1．73m^-2之间,肾功能轻至中度下降。     

慢性肾脏病不同分期血二氧化碳结合力的变化及其影响因素分析

目的：调查慢性肾脏病（CKD）患者血二氧化碳结合力（CO2-CP）水平的基础状况。方法：对中山大学附属第三医院肾内科门诊就诊的CKD患者进行为期9个月的前瞻性横断面调查,分析其病例基线特征及各期血CO2水平与代谢性酸中毒的发生率。结果：共有715例CKD病例入选。前4位CKD的病因分别为原发性肾小球疾病、高血压肾病、狼疮肾炎和糖尿病肾病。CKD3期以后,随着CKD分期的进展,血CO2-CP水平逐级显著性降低,代谢性酸中毒的发生率逐级显著性升高。多元回归分析结果显示,血CO2-CP水平和肾小球滤过率呈显著性正相关,血CO2-CP水平和血清钾以及蛋白尿程度呈显著性负相关。结论：对CKD患者血CO2-CP水平单中心横断面调查,将有助于确定CKD患者血CO2-CP水平的变化规律,为进一步综合防治CKD及其并发症奠定基础。     

福州市成年体检人群慢性肾脏病患病率及危险因素的调查

目的 调查福州市成年体检人群慢性肾脏病（chronic kidney disease,CKD）的患病情况及相关危险因素.方法 回顾性分析福建医科大学附属第一医院体检中心的所有年龄大于20岁的人群体检资料,进行CKD患病率和危险因素调查.结果 在资料完整的6 927例成年体检者中,蛋白尿患病率为2.67％[95％置信区间（confidence interval,CI）为2.28％～3.06％];血尿患病率为12.11％（95％ CI为11.35％～12.87％）;估算肾小球滤过率（eGFR）下降的患病率为1.30％（95％ CI为1.02％～1.58％）.该人群的CKD患病率为14.81％（95％ CI为13.97％～15.63％）.结论 福州市成人体检人群中,CKD的患病率为14.81％;CKD的相关危险因素包括年龄、女性、糖尿病、高血压和高尿酸血症.     

慢性肾脏病是否需要低蛋白饮食

MDRD研究的目的就是为了确定限制蛋白的摄入与肾小球滤过率(GFR)下降的关系,但是这个研究没有确切的结论.其中的A研究比较了低蛋白饮食(0.58 g·kg-1·d-1)与普通蛋白饮食(1.3 g·kg-1·d-1)对中度GFR下降(25～55 ml·min-1·1.73 m2)患者的影响,低蛋白饮食组最初有一个较快的GFR的下降,随后GFR下降较对照组慢,但是在3年的观察期间,并未显现明显的好处.     

慢性肾脏病是否需要降脂治疗

一些观察性的研究报告表明 ,无论是在普通人群中还是在慢性肾脏病患者中 ,各种类型的高脂血症均与肾功能的下降有关。但是 ,这些报告不能确定高脂血症是肾功能下降的原因 ,还是肾功能下降的后果 ,或者是由于其他的情况如蛋白尿引起了肾功能减退及高脂血症。这些报告中的解释都不令人信服 ,只有随机对照研究才能证实高脂血症导致肾功能下降的假说。遗憾的是 ,到目前为止尚无具有说服力的关于治疗高脂血症可以保护肾功能的随机对照研究。但是有一些小规模的研究以及这些研究的荟萃分析的结果。这个荟萃分析包括 36 2名慢性肾脏病患者 ,他们均…     

超声评估慢性肾脏病患者肾功能的探索

目的:分析慢性肾脏病(CKD)患者超声参数与估算肾小球滤过率(e GFR)的关系，探索评估肾功能的最佳超声参数。方法:选取我院收治的CKD1～5期肾功能稳定且未进入透析的97例患者，由同一名B超专科医师测量患者双侧肾脏长径、皮质厚度、实质厚度、皮质回声，计算CKD超声积分，并收集患者的一般资料、血生化指标、血红蛋白等。分析各超声参数与e GFR的相关性，并进行多因素分析。绘制接受者操作特征(ROC)曲线，并估计曲线下面积，评估超声参数识别CKD3期(e GFR <60 ml/min)患者的能力。结果:(1)本研究97例患者平均e GFR (50.9±35.7) ml/min，平均肾长(9.62±1.24)cm，平均肾实质厚度(1.51±0.29) cm，平均肾皮质厚度(0.69±0.16) cm，肾皮质回声中位值2，平均CKD超声积分(5.16±3.67)。(2) e GFR与肾脏长径(r=0.756,P <0.01)、实质厚度(r=0.739,P <0.01)、皮质厚度(r=0.715,P <0.01)呈正相关，与皮质回声(r=-0.786,P <0.0...     

肾小球滤过率估算方程在慢性肾脏病儿童中的应用比较

目的 比较8种估算肾小球滤过率公式在儿童慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney disease, CKD)的评估中的适用性。方法 收集2016年1月至2021年12月于东部战区总医院儿科住院的1～18岁CKD患儿。采用^99mTc-DTPA肾动态显像Gates法作为标准,测得的肾小球滤过率(renal glomerular filtration, GFR)记为测量GFR(measured renal glomerular filtration rate, mGFR)。比较各估算公式在儿童CKD评估中的偏倚、精确性及准确性。进一步以年龄=13岁、mGFR=60 mL·min^-1·(1.73 m²)^-1为界进行分层分析各公式在各组中的适用性。结果 共纳入150例CKD患儿,中位年龄为15(13,17)岁,血肌酐(serum creatinine, Scr)和胱抑素C(cystatin C,Cys C)分别为67.0(52.1,91.9)μmol/L和1.13(0.86,1.67)mg/L,mGFR为(1...     

胱抑素C及CGFR评价慢性肾脏病肾功能的临床意义

目的：本文测定各期慢性肾脏病（CKD）患者的胱抑素C与血清肌酐（Scr）,分析二者异常表达率,并探讨依据CysC计算的CGFR与MDRD公式计算的eGFR的相关性,寻找方便、灵敏、准确评价肾功能的指标。方法：将172例CKD患者依据MDRD公式计算的eGFR进行分期（美国NKF-K/DOQI指南）,分别测定各期患者的Scr、血清尿素氮（BUN）、血清白蛋白（Alb）、胱抑素C（Cys C）,计算CGFR,分析CysC与Scr的异常表达率及CGFR与eGFR的相关性。结果：CKDⅠ期组患者Cys C和Scr诊断肾功能异常的敏感性分别为21.88%和0%,CKDⅡ期组分别为65%和15%,CKDⅢ期组分别为86.84%和97.37%,Ⅳ期与Ⅴ期组患者血清Cys C异常表达率与Scr相同,均达到100%。在各期CKD中,CGFR与eGFR均具有显著相关性（P〈0.01）。结论：CKD各期患者CGFR和eGFR密切相关,CGFR评估肾小球滤过率与MDRD计算评估的结果相符,CGFR与eGFR在判断肾功能方面具有一致性。而在CKDⅠ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期患者血清Cys C异常表达率高于Scr,提示在肾功能损害早中期血清Cys C比Scr更敏感。Cys C及CGFR是评价肾功能的方便、灵敏、可靠的指标。     

肾小球滤过率评估方程在中国糖尿病合并慢性肾脏病患者中的适用性评价

目的探讨临床上使用广泛的慢性肾脏病流行病学协助组(CKD-EPI)肾小球滤过率(GFR)评估方程、改良肾脏病膳食改良试验(MDRD)方程与近年来针对中国人开发的Feng方程、针对中国糖尿病患者改良的CKD-EPI_(糖尿病)方程在中国糖尿病合并慢性肾脏病(CKD)患者中的适用性,进而为临床中准确估测糖尿病合并CKD患者GFR提供更精确的依据。方法选取2型糖尿病合并CKD患者160名。收集患者性别、年龄、身高、体质量、血肌酐(Scr)及胱抑素C(Cys C)。以~(99m)Tc-DTPA肾动态显像法测定的GFR作为参考GFR(rGFR)。使用中国改良MDRD方程、CKD-EPI_(Scr)方程、CKD-EPI_(Cys C)方程、CKD-EPI_(Scr-Cys C)方程、CKD-EPI_(糖尿病)方程、Feng_(Cys C)方程及Feng_(Scr-Cys C)方程对估算GFR(eGFR)进行计算。采用Pearson相关性分析及κ检验比较各方程eGFR与rGFR之间的相关性及分期一致性,并使用Bland-Altman分析法比较各方程eGFR与rGFR的一致性限度。各方程eGFR之间的比较使用偏倚、精确度、10%准确率、30%准确率、50%准确率。定义GFR60 mL·min~(-1)·(1.73 m~2)~(-1)为肾功能不全的诊断标准,通过ROC曲线比较各方程诊断肾功能不全的效能。根据rGFR将患者分为A组(CKD 4～5期)、B组(CKD 3期)、C组(CKD 1～2期),比较不同分组中各方程的适用性。结果在各方程eGFR之间的比较中,CKD-EPI_(糖尿病)方程偏倚最小,与Feng_(Cys C)方程、Feng_(Scr-Cys C)方程比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);精确度最高,与改良MDRD方程、CKD-EPI_(Cys C)方程比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。在7种方程的准确率比较中,CKD-EPI_(糖尿病)方程10%、30%准确率均最高,与简化MDRD方程、CKD-EPI_(Scr)方程、CKD-EPI_(Cys C)方程比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。Bland-Altman分析显示CKD-EPI_(糖尿病)方程一致性限度最佳。在A组患者中,CKD-EPI_(Cys C)方程eGFR与rGFR均值比较差异无统计学意义,偏倚最小,50%、30%准确率最高。B组患者与总体患者类似,CKD-EPI_(糖尿病)方程偏倚最小,精确度最高,10%、30%、50%准确率均最高。结论在7种方程的比较中,CKD-EPI_(糖尿病)方程eGFR与rGFR拟合度最佳。在不同分组的比较中,CKD 4～5期患者CKD-EPI_(Cys C)方程eGFR与rGFR拟合度最佳,CKD 3期患者CKD-EPI_(糖尿病)方程eGFR与rGFR拟合度最佳,可分别用于估测糖尿病合并CKD不同分组患者的GFR。     

慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染者进展为肝癌的危险因素

<正>【内容简介】本视频重点介绍慢性乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)感染者进展为肝癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)的危险因素。HBV载量被认为是慢性乙型肝炎患者疾病进展的主要驱动因素;通常认为HBV载量较低的患者进展为HCC风险也较低。然而,低病毒载量患者仍存     

Relationship between hepatitis B virus infection and chronic kidney disease in Asian populations: a meta-analysis

Purpose: To evaluate the association of Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods: We searched Embase, Grateful Med, Ovid, PubMed, and the China Biological Medicine Database. A meta-analysis was performed to assess whether HBV infection plays an independent impact on the development of CKD in the general population. Relative risks of CKD (defined as reduced glomerular filtration rate or proteinuria) according to HBsAg serologic status were studied.

Results: Six eligible clinical studies (189,709 individuals in total) were included in the analysis. There was no association between HBsAg seropositive status and prevalence of CKD, the summary estimate for adjusted relative risk (RR) was 1.16 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.78, 1.71; p?=?.46) according to the random-effects model, and between studies heterogeneity was noted (p values by Q test <0.001). Also, there were no significant associations between positive HBV serologic status and low eGFR (adjusted relative risk, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.72, 1.26; p?=?.72) or proteinuria (adjusted relative risk, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.83, 1.20; p?=?.99).

Conclusions: This meta-analysis shows that there was no association between exposure to HBV and the risk of developing CKD in Asian populations.     

Comparison of eGFR formulas in determining chronic kidney disease stage in bariatric patients and the impact on perioperative outcomes

BackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) independently increases the risk of 30-day adverse outcomes following metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS). However, no studies have evaluated the stage of CKD at which increased perioperative risk is manifested. Here, we correlate 30-day major morbidities after MBS with extent of renal disease based on CKD Stage.ObjectivesTo determine the impact of CKD stage on perioperative outcomes after bariatric surgery.SettingAcademic Hospital.MethodsFrom the 2017 Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Quality Improvement Program (MBSAQIP) database, we identified patients with CKD who underwent sleeve gastrectomy or laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery. Glomerular filtration rates (GFRs) were calculated and cohorts were generated based on CKD Stage. Complication rates and rates of morbidity and mortality were compared between stages, and strengths of correlation were calculated.ResultsGFR and CKD Stage were calculated for 150,283 patients. There was a significant increase in the risk of major morbidity at each progressive stage of CKD (P < .001 for all compared stages). There was a strong positive linear correlation between increasing CKD Stage and total morbidity (r² = .983), including reoperation ( r² = .784), readmission (r² = .936), unplanned ICU transfer (r² = .853), and aggregate complications such as pulmonary (r² = .900), bleeding (r² = .878), or progressive worsening of renal function (r² = .845). In logistic regression, for every 10-point decrease in GFR, odds of total morbidity increased by 6%.ConclusionAn increased risk of perioperative complications may be seen in early stages of CKD, and risk is compounded in more advanced stages. Bariatric surgical candidates should be counseled on their increased risk of surgical complications even with mild CKD, and the benefits of bariatric surgery should be carefully weighed against significantly increased risks of complications in severe CKD.     

Use of telbivudine in kidney transplant recipients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection: A preliminary experience

Telbivudine is a relatively novel oral nucleoside analogue with favourable efficacy and tolerability in treatment‐naïve chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, but its data in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) was lacking. The efficacy and tolerability of telbivudine in four treatment‐naïve HBsAg‐positive KTRs were reviewed (treatment duration 54 (36–72) months) HBV DNA declined from 2.6 × 10⁵(7.8 × 10³–1.5 × 10⁷) copies/mL at baseline to 170 (0.0–3.2 × 10⁴) copies/mL at 12 months, and became undetectable at 24 and 36 months (P = 0.060, 0.118 and 0.005 compared with baseline). Alanine aminotransferase levels dropped from 46.5 (30–48) IU/mL at baseline to 28 (13–45) IU/mL, 34.5 (15–71) IU/mL and 26 (12–41) IU/mL at 12, 24 and 36 months, respectively (P = 0.109, 0.715 and 0.068 compared with baseline). Serum creatinine level and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) remained stable after 36 months of treatment (P all > 0.05 compared with baseline). No virological breakthrough, cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma occurred. Our pilot data suggests that telbivudine has favourable efficacy and renal safety profiles in HBsAg‐positive KTRs.     

血清B2微球蛋白在评价高龄慢性肾脏病患者肾功能中的作用

目的探讨血清B2微球蛋白（B2-MG）在高龄慢性肾脏病（CKD）患者肾小球滤过率（GFR）的评估价值。方法选择高龄男性CKD病患者57例,SPECT检测患者肾小球滤过率,检测血清胆-MG、血肌酐（SCr）、血清半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C（CysC）水平。结果血清B2-MG水平不受年龄、体质量、身高等影响（P〉0．05）,在CKD3～5期存在统计学差异（P〈0．05）。血清B2-MG与肾小球滤过率相关性系数在CKD5期最高,CKD3～5期性均低于SCr;在CKD3、4期稍优于CysC,在5期低于CysC。结论血清胆-MG在高龄CKD5期与肾小球滤过率相关性最高,在CKD3～5期也许不优于SCr,能否作为高龄CKD肾小球率过滤评价较好的指标还需要大样本研究进一步的证实。     

Geographic difference in the prevalence of chronic kidney disease among Japanese screened subjects: Ibaraki versus Okinawa

BACKGROUND: In Japan, there is a geographic difference in the prevalence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Few epidemiologic studies, however, have compared the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among different geographic areas. Other than genetic factors, socioeconomic conditions and lifestyle are targets for modification. METHODS: We examined the prevalence of CKD among two large community-based screened populations, 40 years of age and older, in Japan: Ibaraki (N = 187,863) and Okinawa (N = 83,150). Prevalence of CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m(2) using the coefficient modified abbreviated Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (aMDRD) study equation using a standardized serum creatinine value. CKD prevalence was compared among screenees with (+) or without (-) hypertension (systolic blood pressure > or =140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure > or =90 mmHg) and hyperglycemia (plasma glucose > or = 126 mg/dl). RESULTS: Both male and female participants in Okinawa had a significantly lower prevalence of hypertension (-)/hyperglycemia (-) than did patients in Ibaraki. The prevalence of CKD in Okinawa was higher than that in Ibaraki among screenees with hypertension (-)/hyperglycemia (-), and highest among screenees with hypertension (+)/hyperglycemia (-). CONCLUSION: The regional difference in CKD prevalence may underlie the variation in ESRD prevalence observed in Japan.     

Prevalence,incidence, and risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection in hemodialysis patients

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