长沙市结核病患者自我感受负担调查及影响因素分析

目的调查长沙市结核病患者的自我感受负担(self-perceived burden,SPB)水平,分析其影响因素。方法运用自设调查表和自我感受负担量表对长沙市某结核病医院的200例结核病患者进行调查;并运用有序Logistic回归分析SPB的影响因素。结果结核病患者SPB得分为(29.25±8.82)分,处于中等水平;单因素分析结果显示:不同职业、婚姻状况、主要照顾者、参加结核病教育讲座等7个因素是结核病患者SPB的影响因素。有序Logistic回归分析结果显示,增加结核病患者SPB的因素有:参加结核病教育讲座(OR=3.452,95%CI:2.116~78.257)、结核病患者住院次数(与住院次数1比较,均OR1)和经济状况很差(OR=2.918,95%CI:1.113~7.653)三个因素。结论结核病患者具有中等水平的SPB。结核病患者自我感受负担的主要影响因素有是否参加结核病教育讲座、因结核病住院的次数和经济状况等。     

乳腺癌患者自我感受负担与生命质量的相关研究

目的探讨乳腺癌患者自我感受负担与生命质量的相关关系。方法选取2014年3—11月收治泰安市某三甲医院的185例乳腺癌患者,运用一般资料调查问卷,自我感受负担量表(self-perceived burden scale,SPBS)和乳腺癌患者生命质量量表(quality of life questionnaire-breast cancer module 23,QLQ-BR 23)进行测量。计量资料比较采用t检验和Pearson相关分析,P0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果系统疗法不良反应、脱发引起的烦恼、体型、未来看法、手臂症状、乳房症状、生命质量总分与自我感受负担(self-perceived burden,SPB)各指标及总分均呈负相关(均P0.05);性功能、性乐趣与身体负担、情感负担均呈正相关,而与SPB总分均呈负相关(均P0.05)。结论关注乳腺癌患者的康复,减少疾病的复发,降低患者自我感受负担水平,提高患者的生存质量。     

老年淋巴瘤患者自我感受负担及生命质量现况及其相关性研究

目的 分析老年淋巴瘤患者的自我感受负担(self-perceived burden, SPB)、生命质量及其相关性。方法 经便利抽样法选取2019年3月—2022年3月间四川大学华西医院血液内科收治的505例老年淋巴瘤患者作为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、自我感受负担量表(SPBS)和淋巴瘤患者生命质量测定量表(FACT-Lym)对患者进行调查,评估患者SPBS和FACT-Lym评分,并分析两者之间相关性。结果 老年淋巴瘤患者SPBS总分为(31.76±1.59)分,SPB分级中,无61例,轻度167例,中度147例,重度130例;FACT-Lym评分中,情感维度(10.98±2.45)分,生理(13.02±2.83)分,社会家庭(13.01±2.65)分,功能(11.97±3.42)分,淋巴瘤附加关注(28.95±1.81)分,FACT-Lym总分为(77.93±7.52)分;随着SPB严重程度升高,FACT-Lym各维度评分依次降低,不同组别间比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);Pearson相关性分析和多重线性回归分析显示,老年淋巴瘤患者SPBS各维度评分与FACT-L...     

乙肝肝硬化患者自我感受负担影响因素的调查分析及护理干预

目的探讨乙肝肝硬化患者自我感受负担（self-perceived burden,SPB）的影响因素及护理干预效果。方法对乙肝肝硬化患者进行包括问卷调查,将存在SPB的患者随机分成观察组和对照组。观察组在常规护理基础上给予针对降低SPB的护理干预,对照组仅予常规护理。比较两组干预后SPB情况。结果①154例乙肝肝硬化患者中86例（55.84%）存在自我感受负担,SPB患者与非SPB患者在病程、学历、家庭收入、疾病分期、是否知情及付款方式上有差异,且具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;②观察组干预后SPB较干预前显著改善（P〈0.05）,对照组干预后SPB较干预前无显著改善（P〉0.05）,干预后,观察组SPB水平显著优于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论专科护士系统了解乙肝肝硬化患者SPB的影响因素,并进行针对性护理干预可改善其SPB。     

107例老年股骨颈骨折患者髋关节置换术后正念注意觉知量表评分与其自我感受负担的相关性分析

目的 分析老年股骨颈骨折患者髋关节置换术后正念注意觉知量表(mindful attention awareness scale,MAAS)评分与其自我感受负担(self-perceived burden,SPB)的相关性。方法 选取2019年1月至2021年5月郸城县人民医院收治的107例行髋关节置换术股骨颈骨折患者,采用自我感受负担量表(self-percrived burden scale,SPBS)评分评估SPB,根据不同SPBS程度分为中重度SPB组(36例)、轻度SPB组(71例),对比两组一般资料、术后视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、髋关节功能Harris评分、MAAS评分、Barthel指数(Barthel index,BI)评分,分析术后恢复相关评分与其SPB的相关性,并分析SPBS评分影响因素。结果 股骨颈骨折患者术后MAAS评分、髋关节功能Harris评分、BI评分与SPB均呈负相关关系(r₁=-0.763,r₂=-0.582,r₃=-0.617,P<0.05...     

医保透析优惠政策对维持性血液透析患者自我感受负担的影响

目的 了解福州市某三甲医院血液净化中心维持性血液透析（maintenance hemodialysis,MHD）患者自我感受负担（selfperceived burden,SPB）状况以及医保透析优惠政策对MHD患者SPB的影响情况。方法 采用自行设计的一般资料问卷和SPB量表对医院2021年1—3月54例患者进行调查,并结合年化门诊费用、个人负担费用进行多元线性回归分析。结果 MHD患者SPB平均得分为（31.46±5.38）分,轻度以上占比90.74%;SPB总分与自理能力呈正相关（P=0.018）,与医保类别呈负相关（P=0.099）;实行医保透析优惠政策的省医保职工年化个人支付费用低于未实行医保透析优惠政策的市医保职工5 300.39元（P=0.078）、居民15 639.90元（P=0.000）。结论 临床要根据MHD患者SPB影响因素采取相应护理措施;医保透析优惠政策有利于降低MHD患者个人经济负担;建议推广透析优惠政策以降低MHD患者SPB。     

延续性护理干预对结直肠癌化疗患者自我感受负担及服药依从性影响

目的科学有效的护理干预对提高结直肠癌化疗患者疗效十分重要。本研究探讨延续性护理干预对结直肠癌化疗患者自我感受负担及服药依从性影响。方法选取2015-10-09-2017-05-20平顶山市第一人民医院收治的结直肠癌化疗患者为研究对象,根据组间性别、年龄等因素具有可比性的原则分为两组,各38例。对照组接受常规护理,观察组在此基础上采用延续性护理干预,对比两组患者自我感受负担及服药依从性。结果出院6个月后,观察组自我感受负担量表(self-perceived burden scale,SPBS)总得分为(40.45±3.64)分,低于对照组的(47.51±3.50)分,差异有统计学意义,t=8.619,P0.001;Mofisky问卷评分为(3.07±0.57)分,高于对照组的(2.15±0.64)分,差异有统计学意义,t=6.617,P0.001。结论对结直肠癌患者实施延续性护理干预,不仅有效减轻患者自我感受负担,还利于增强其服药依从性。     

脑卒中患者自我感受负担现状及其影响因素研究

目的 探究稳定期脑卒中患者自我感受负担（SPB）水平及SPB的影响因素，为改善患者不良心理提供参考。方法采用随机抽样法选取2019年6月1日—2020年6月1日天津市环湖医院收治的稳定期脑卒中患者为调查对象，以问卷的形式进行调查分析，共收回有效问卷375份。采用一般资料问卷和SPB量表对其进行横断面调查，分析患者SPB水平以及SPB的影响因素。结果 脑卒中患者SPB得分为（35.41±8.55）分，其中经济负担得分为（3.93±1.18）分，情感负担得分为（14.02±4.11）分，身体负担得分为（16.90±4.52）分，均处于中度负担水平。患者SPB受年龄、文化程度、工作状况、生活自理能力以及家庭月均收入等因素的影响。将有统计学意义的5个因素作为自变量进行回归分析，其中患者家庭月均收入、工作状况、生活自理能力3个因素进入了SPB回归方程。结论 脑卒中患者SPB水平较高，心理问题严重，医护人员应该基于其影响因素，采取相应措施为患者制订个性化的心理护理方案，以保障患者的身心健康。     

晚期癌症患者自我感受负担的研究与对策

目的 探讨晚期癌症患者自我感受负担(SPB)的相关因素,针对这些相关因素制定出相应的护理对策.方法 采用自我感受负担量表(SPB)评估法,对我院肿瘤科200例晚期癌症患者进行问卷调查,针对引起负担感受的各种因素,对患者实施有效的护理干预,比较入院前、出院后(干预后)的SPB评分结果.结果 入院前患者SPB评分显著高于出院后(P＜0.05),具有显著性差异.结论 针对晚期癌症住院患者自我感受负担(SPB)的相关因素进行有效的护理后,患者的心理舒适度得到提高,生活质量得到明显改善.     

多模式联合健康宣教对恶性肿瘤介入治疗患者自我效能及希望水平的影响

目的 探讨多模式联合健康宣教对恶性肿瘤介入治疗患者自我效能及希望水平的影响。方法 行介入治疗的99例恶性肿瘤患者,分别接受传统健康宣教(对照组,49例)和多模式联合健康宣教(观察组,50例)。采用自我感受负担量表(self-perceived burden scale, SPBS)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(Hamilton anxiety scale, HAMA)、中文版癌症自我管理效能量表(strategies used by people to promote health, SUPPH)、医学应对问卷(medical coping modes questionnaire, MCMQ)、Herth希望量表,评估并比较2组患者干预前后的自我感受负担、焦虑情况、自我效能、医学应对方式、希望水平,观察2组治疗配合度。结果 干预后,观察组SPBS和HAMA得分低于对照组,中文版SUPPH各维度及总分高于对照组,MCMQ问卷面对维度得分高于对照组,屈服维度得分低于对照组,希望水平各维度得分及总分高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。观察组介入治疗术中配合率(86.0%)高于对照组...     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.