Introduction of Linac quality management experience

The Elekta Precise medical Linac is a typical modern high energy accelerator which uses advanced digital technology and gets acknowledged around the world. It provides both X rays and electrons at various megavoltage energies including two photon energies （6 and 15 MV） and several electron energies （e.g. 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 and 22 MeV）. The commonly used dose rate for X rays is 500 MU/min, while that for electors is 400 MU/min. The accelerator is equipped with beam intensity modulation cm2. The width of MLC at 40 pairs of MLC for photon covering fields up to 40 × 40 the isocenter is 10 mm. The maximum leakage is less than 0.3%     

Differential indications for the surgical management of fractures of the mandibular condyle

The frequency and importance of collum mandibulae fractures is indicated, especially in connection with the sequels of conservative-functional therapy, and the different classifications and types of fractures are described. The non-surgical approach is evaluated as a treatment. Its inconvenient and sometimes unsatisfactory results necessitate the surgical treatment of certain types of collum mandibulae fractures. Absolute en relative indications for osteosynthetic treatment of condylar fractures are noted, the proposed surgical technique is discussed. The importance of a universal preauricular incision continued in an incision for parotidectomy and resulting in a standard incision or a combined preauricular-submandibular incision, is pointed out. Surgical technique for intra and extra capsular collum fractures is illustrated. Our preference goes to functional stable osteosynthesis using titanium mini-plates and the often obligatory dissection of the facial nerve. The so called "condylar shave" or remodelling condylotomy in analogy with the DAUTREY-operation is a therapeutic contingency in case of bilateral collum mandibulae fractures with unilateral low condylar fracture where classical mini-plate osteosynthesis is done, and intracapsular multi-fractured condylar head on the other side where the condylar shave or rubble clearing is performed The attitude towards children is discussed. The result of this surgical technique is illustrated through the follow-up of 73 surgical treatments of collum fractures in 59 patients. We conclude that surgical osteosynthetic treatment of collum mandibulae fractures with a strict indication in case of dislocated and luxated fractures should be included in the therapeutic range of modern maxillo-facial traumatology.     

The anti-cancer effect of Huaier aqueous extract with rh-Endostatin and DDP

Objective： The aim of our study was to explore the inhibition and apoptosis-inducing effect of the combination of Huaier aqueous extract with recombinant human Endostatin and DDP in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. We also investigated the reversal effect of Huaier aqueous extract in reversing cisplatin resistance in human lung adenocarcinoma A549/DDP cells. Methods： We treated A549 cells with Huaier aqueous extract and the combination of Huaier aqueous ex- tract and DDP or rh-Endostatin for 24 h, 36 h and 48 h. And then we calculated the inhibition rate through MTT approach and detected the apoptosis rate by flow cytometry. We also treated A549 and A549/DDP cells with DDP, Huaier aqueous extract, DDP and Huaier aqueous extract for 72 h, respectively. Results： Huaier aqueous extract can inhibit the growth of A549 cells and the inhibition rate improved with the increase of the concentration. The inhibition rate of the combination of rh-Endostatin and 4 mg/mL of Huaier aqueous extract in three time points and the combination of rh-Endostatin and 2 mg/mL of Huaier aqueous extract in the time point of 48 h on the growth of A549 cells all improved （P 〈 0.005）. The inhibition rate of the com- bination of DDP and Huaier aqueous extract with the concentration of 2 mg/mL or 4 mg/mL on the growth of A549 cells all improved （P 〈 0.005）. The combination of Huaier aqueous extract and DDP and the combination of Huaier aqueous extract with rh-Endostatin and DDP can improve the inhibition on the growth ofA549 cells （P 〈 0.005）. Conclusion： Huaier aqueous extract has the inhibition and apoptosis-inducing effects on the A549 cells. And the combination of Huaier aqueous extract and rh-Endostatin or DDP has the synergistic effects on the inhibition of A549 cells. The combination of Huaier aqueous extract with rh-Endostatin and DDP has the synergistic effects on the inhibition ofA549 cells. Huaier aqueous extract can reverse the cisplatin resistance in human lung adenocarcinoma A549/DDP cells.