儿童结直肠息肉的内镜治疗

儿童结直肠息肉是临床中无痛性便血、腹痛和肛门肿物突出最主要的就诊原因。根据临床表现和组织学结构上的差异分类,早期诊治不影响生长发育及营养吸收。发现息肉应行内镜下息肉切除,若幼年性息肉合并腺瘤或为腺瘤性息肉,需定期行结肠镜复查。目前内镜下高频电凝电切术联合金属钛夹是治疗儿童结直肠息肉的主要方法之一。     

儿童遗传性息肉的内镜微创治疗

儿童遗传性息肉多属于罕见的常染色体显性疾病,与肠内外良恶性肿瘤的风险增加有关。基于临床及内镜下表现,儿童遗传性息肉大多可以确诊,在某些情况下,需进行基因检测协助诊断。该病一经确诊大多需要切除,术前影像学检查至关重要,不仅可以指导如何选择治疗方式,而且可减少漏诊和误诊。切除方法因息肉形态、大小及部位不同而不同。一旦影像学及内镜检查发现遗传性息肉,应每2~3年重复检查1次,有临床症状出现时应及时复查胃肠镜。     

儿童结直肠息肉内镜下切除方法选择原则

结直肠息肉是儿童消化道常见疾病之一,内镜检查及内镜下息肉切除是目前主要诊断及治疗方式。针对息肉分类选择适宜的切除方式对减少术后并发症至关重要。该文主要围绕儿童结直肠息肉内镜下切除方法的选择原则进行阐述。     

儿童消化性溃疡的内镜特点与临床特征

1990年 7月～ 2 0 0 2年 12月我院用日本产OlympusGIF-XQ2 0纤维胃镜、OlympusGIF - 14 0电子胃镜进行儿童上消化道疾病检查 ,诊断儿童消化性溃疡 10 2例 ,其中 76例取胃窦部黏膜组织行快速尿素酶试验和Giemsa染色检测幽门螺杆菌 (Hp) ,Hp阳性 4 1例。现将本组消化性溃疡的内镜特点及临床特征 ,分析如下。临床资料一、一般资料　本组男 70例 ,女 32例 ;年龄 5～ 14岁 ,5～ 6岁 8例 ( 7.85 % ) ,～ 10岁 2 8例 ( 2 7.4 5 % ) ,～ 14岁 6 6例( 6 4 .7% )。二、临床特点　本组 10 2例病程 4周～ 1年 ;腹痛 10 2例 ,反复呕吐 4 5例 ,食后…     

儿童结直肠息肉内镜下切除护理配合

儿童结直肠息肉的治疗主要包括内镜微创治疗和外科手术治疗。内镜微创治疗是目前首选的治疗方式。诊疗全流程的有效护理配合可明显提高内镜下结直肠息肉切除的治疗效果,并减少术后并发症的发生。该文就儿童结直肠息肉内镜微创治疗的术前、术中及术后护理随访等内容展开综述。     

儿童狼疮性肾炎临床与病理特点及相关性分析

目的 分析儿童狼疮性肾炎(LN)的临床及病理特点,探讨两者之间的相关性.方法 对59例LN患儿的临床和病理资料进行回顾性分析.结果 临床分型以肾病综合征型(NS型)最为常见(44.1%),其次为急性肾炎型(AGN型,23.7%)、孤立性血尿和(或)蛋白尿型(IH/P型,22.0%),急进性肾炎型和慢性肾炎型少见.病理分型以Ⅳ-G(A)和Ⅳ-G(A/C)型最常见,分别占40.7%和15.3%,其次为Ⅴ+Ⅲ型(8.5%)、Ⅴ+Ⅳ型(6.8%)和Ⅱ型(6.8%),Ⅵ型(5.1%)和Ⅰ型(1.7%)少见.临床分型为NS型者,病理多为Ⅳ型(65.4%),其次为Ⅴ型(26.9%).病理Ⅳ型者肾小管间质(TIL)损害程度最为严重.LN患儿肾活检时的sCr水平与TIL病变程度呈正相关(rs=0.639,P<0.01).Ⅳ型LN患儿dsDNA阳性率最高(87.9%),血补体C3水平最低;各组不同病理分型LN患儿的ESR、ANA、抗Sm抗体、抗RNP抗体、抗SSA抗体和抗SSB抗体阳性率之间的差异无统计学意义.结论 LN患儿的临床表现与肾脏病理改变复杂多样,两者有一定的相关性,临床以NS型最常见,病理多为Ⅳ级,且Ⅳ级者TIL病变最重.肾活检对指导治疗和评估预后有重要意义.     

儿童非霍奇金淋巴瘤的临床及病理特点

目的:对73例儿童非霍奇金淋巴瘤临床资料进行回顾性分析,明确其临床特点、病理类型及与疗效的关系。方法:收集2014年10月至2018年10月上海市儿童医院73例初诊非霍奇金淋巴瘤患儿资料,其中男52例,女21例;年龄2～13岁。对所有患儿发病的起始或累积器官、病理诊断、疾病分期、手术及疗效等进行综合评估。结果:73例儿...     

小儿结、直肠广基息肉的内镜下套扎治疗

小儿结、直肠带蒂息肉可采用内镜下高频电凝切除方法进行治疗 ,但对于广基息肉 ,高频电凝切除受到限制。我们从 1998年 4月开始采用内镜结扎方法治疗结、直肠无蒂息肉 ,现报告如下。对象与方法一、临床资料　 1998年 4月～ 2 0 0 2年 4月本院经结肠镜检查的患儿中 ,发现结、直肠无蒂或亚蒂息肉 43例 ,男 3 2例 ,女 11例 ,年龄 4～ 12岁。主要表现为大便带血。直肠息肉 3 5例 ( 47枚 ) ,乙状结肠息肉 5例 ( 5枚 ) ,降结肠息肉 3例( 3枚 ) ,息肉直径 0 .7～ 2 .0ｃｍ。所有息肉在治疗前均取活检送病理排除恶性病变。二、治疗器械　能安装多连…     

儿童脑肿瘤的临床治疗及病理特点研究

目的探讨儿童脑肿瘤的诊疗、手术、病理特点及治疗效果。方法对1999年1月～2005年5月间我科手术的儿童脑肿瘤72例进行回顾性分析。结果恶性肿瘤51例，良性肿瘤21例，恶性肿瘤占70．8％；幕上肿瘤38例，其中恶性肿瘤20例。幕下肿瘤34例，其中恶性肿瘤31例。肿瘤全切除、次全切除49例，大部分切除13例，部分切除10例。术后放射治疗43例，占手术病例的59．7％。化疗26例，占手术病例的36．1％。随访到47例，其中恶性肿瘤仍存活21例，已死亡13例。结论儿童脑肿瘤的治疗以手术切除为主，根据各个病例的特殊性，制定不同的手术切除方案，术后进行放疗，但应有别于成人脑肿瘤。恶性肿瘤选择适合的病例进行化疗，对于延长儿童的生存期是有效的。     

儿童食管狭窄的内镜治疗

儿童食管狭窄主要是良性狭窄。明确狭窄部位病因、病变性质及病变部位的形态结构,制定适宜的内镜下治疗策略是保证成功治疗的关键。食管狭窄内镜治疗包括内镜下球囊扩张术、内镜下放射状切开术、药物注射、内镜下支架置入术、磁性压榨吻合等方法。所有这些方法各有其优缺点。良性狭窄的治疗需要重复多次,存在一定风险。应根据病变特点综合运用各种治疗方法从而达到最佳治疗效果。因此,术前做好食管狭窄评估,选择适宜的治疗方式,对减少并发症的发生,降低成本,保证患儿基本营养供给有重要意义。     

Inflammatory fibroid polyps in children:A new case report and a systematic review of the pediatric literature

AIM: To study that inflammatory fibroid polyps(IFPs) in children are extremely uncommon tumors that may occur throughout the gastrointestinal tract. METHODS: A systematic review of the pediatric literature and a report of a new case of IFP is also pres-ented. The Pub Med database was searched for original studies on pediatric IFPs since 1960, according to "Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses" guidelines for systematic reviews. RESULTS: Five studies were finally enclosed, encompassing 6 children with IFPs(mean age 64 mo). Tumors were located in the stomach(2 patients), in the small bowel(2 patients), in the rectum(1 patient) and in the colon(1 patient). Open surgery was performed in all patients and complete excision of the mass was achieved in all cases. All patients are alive and free of symptom. Authors described a further case of a 3-year-old boy with a large duodenal IFP, in whom the tumor was removed by "en block resection". The presence of IFP throughout the gastrointestinal tract and its variable clinical appearances make it difficult to diagnose. An accurate pre-operative assessment is fundamental in order to differentiate IFP from other more aggressive gastrointestinal tumor, enabling unnecessary demolitive surgery. CONCLUSION: When complete resection of the IFP is achieved, the prognosis is excellent.     

Ureteral fibroepithelial polyps in children

Fibroepithelial polyps of the ureter presenting as pelviureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction in two boys are reported. These neoplasms are uncommon, especially in children. Surgical excision of the PUJ with the polyp and dismembered pyeloplasty was performed in each case. Postoperative recoveries were uneventful.     

Management of colorectal polyps in children

Forty-two patients each with a colorectal polyp have been treated in our hospital over the past 10 years. In twenty-two cases the polyps were noted in the rectum, nine in the sigmoid colon, seven in the descending colon and four in the transverse colon. Each patient had only one polyp. Hematochezia was the main symptom in 29 patients, prolapse of the polyp from the anus in 10, abdominal pain due to intussusception in two and no symptoms were observed in one. Auto-amputation of the polyp was considered to have occurred in five patients. Twelve rectal polyps were resected from a transanal operation, and another 25 polyps were removed endoscopically with electric cautery. We have had no experience of endoscopic complications such as bleeding or perforation. A histological examination revealed an adenoma in one patient. Other polyps were non-neoplastic and were classified as juvenile, inflammatory and hyperplastic in 30, two and four patients, respectively. There have been no recurrences of polyps to date.     

儿童消化道出血病因的临床与病理研究

目的　分析儿童消化道出血 (GIB)的病因 ,了解其临床与病理检查结果的关系。方法　对 15 3例GIB患儿进行胃镜或结肠镜及其相应病理学等检查 ,包括幽门螺杆菌 (Hp)检测。 结果　明确病因 14 0例 ,确诊率 91.5 % ,上、下消化道出血 (UGIB、LGIB)分别为 74例和 6 6例。胃病理检查 5 6例 ,均显示慢性浅表性胃炎(CSFG) ,Hp( ) 33例。炎症组与溃疡组Hp( )检出率有显著差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。对轻、中、重度炎症Hp( )检出率进行比较 ,3组均有显著差异 (P均 <0 .0 5 )。LGIB前 3位病因依次为结、直肠息肉、梅克尔憩室和肠重复畸形。LGIB 6 6例中 ,病理证实 6 4例 (97% )。结论　儿童UGIB以十二指肠溃疡 (DU)并CSFG多见 ,溃疡组Hp感染率高于炎症组 ,且胃部炎症越严重 ,Hp感染率越高。LGIB以结、直肠息肉多见。小肠部位的肠系膜及肠壁血管瘤少见 ,且经常规检查不易确诊。     

Ultrasonography with the colonic segment-approach for colonic polyps in children

Pediatric Radiology - Ultrasonography (US) has been widely applied and has validated efficacy in the diagnosis of colonic polyps in children. However, little attention has been paid to improving...     

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??Hematochezia??abdominal pain and anal tumor are the main clinical complaints of colonic polyps in children. Classification is made according to clinical manifestation and histological structure difference??and growth and development and nutrient absorption are not affected by early diagnosis and treatment. Polyps should be removed by endoscopic polypectomy??if juvenile polyps are combined with adenoma or adenomatous polyp??regular colonoscopy should be done. At present??endoscopic high-frequency electrocoagulation combined with metal titanium clip is one of the main methods for the treatment of colorectal polyps in children.     

内镜金属夹在小儿结肠息肉治疗中的应用

目的　探讨内镜金属夹治疗小儿结肠息肉的应用价值及其影响治疗的相关因素。方法　运用Olympus金属夹闭器 ,选用MH 85 8和MD 85 0钛合金夹子 ,内镜下治疗小儿结肠息肉。 结果　 4 5例不同部位结肠息肉术后内镜复诊 ,均临床治愈。其中 13例大息肉 (直径 >2cm)或宽蒂亚蒂息肉 (蒂直径 >1cm)分次内镜下手术疗效满意。无一例术后大出血或肠穿孔。结论　内镜金属夹提供了一种治疗小儿结肠息肉安全、有效和简便的方法     

Enuresis: Prevalence, risk factors and urinary pathology among school children in Istanbul, Turkey

BACKGROUND: Enuresis is a common problem among children and adolescents, and can lead to important social and psychological disturbances. The aim of the present study was to establish the prevalence of enuresis among school children and determine the risk factors associated with this disorder. METHODS: A cross sectional population-based study was conducted in 1576 children. The pupils enrolled in the study were chosen randomly from 14 primary schools located in seven different regions of Istanbul. Data were collected via a questionnaire completed by parents. Enuretic children were invited to the pediatric nephrology outpatient clinic of Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey. A detailed history was taken, physical and ultrasonographic examinations, urinalysis and urine culture were performed. The relationship between the prevalence of enuresis and the patients' age, gender, region, the parental educational level and employment status, number of family members, and the family's monthly income were tested by means of chi(2 ) and logistic regression analysis. The comparison between the two enuretic groups (monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis group vs diurnal enuresis only and diurnal-nocturnal enuresis group) regarding the sociodemographic factors were tested with the chi(2) test and P < 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant. RESULTS: The study group was composed of 1576 school children aged between 6 and 16 years. The overall prevalence of enuresis was 12.4%. When the chi(2) test was used, a significant relationship was found between the prevalence of enuresis and age, educational level of the father, the family's monthly income, and number of family members. However, when logistic regression analysis was applied, there was a statistically significant relationship only between enuresis, and age and number of family members. In the whole group, monosymptomatic enuresis nocturna was found to be more common in boys. When the two enuretic children groups (monosymptomatic nocturnal, diurnal only and nocturnal-diurnal enuretics) were compared with each other regarding gender, parental educational and employment status, and number of family members, statistically significant differences were found. Both maternal and the paternal low educational status were found to be associated with monosymptomatic enuresis nocturna. Likewise, monosymptomatic enuresis nocturna was found to be more common in the children of the unemployed mothers, while diurnal enuresis was more common in the children of unemployed fathers. Nocturnal enuresis was found to be associated with large families. No statistically significant difference was demonstrated between the two groups of enuretics regarding age and family income levels. The rate of urinary abnormalities in the whole group was 7.1%. CONCLUSIONS: Enuresis is a common problem among school children and associated urinary abnormalities are not uncommon. Identification of children at risk is an essential first step before choosing the individualized management for each enuretic child.     

发育性髋关节发育不良儿童髋臼形态学病理分型的探讨

目的通过三维CT分析髋臼形态学的病理改变,为临床选择合适的骨盆截骨方式提供参考。方法选择101例发育性髋关节发育不良儿童,共129个髋关节。术前行髋关节螺旋CT扫描并通过Mimics 10.01软件进行三维重建,根据以往参考文献分型,结合病例观察,提出髋臼形态学病理分型。结果分为六型:Ⅰ型为轻度发育不良,占31.8%。Ⅱ型为髋臼前上缺损,占17.1%。Ⅲ型为中上缺损,占32.6%。Ⅳ型为全缺损,占10.8%。Ⅴ型为假臼,占5.4%。Ⅵ型为三角型髋臼,占2.3%。结论髋臼形态学新的病理分型有助于对发育性髋关节发育不良儿童病理改变的认识。通过三维CT了解髋臼的不同形态学改变,能为临床选择合适的骨盆截骨方式提供参考。     

Endoscopic removal of inflammatory esophagogastric polyps in children

Two adolescent patients with inflammatory esophagogastric polyps (IEPs) are presented. In each case, the patients complained of chest pain and dysphagia. In one patient, there was no histological evidence of esophagitis in association with the IEPs. Their clinical course suggests that the presentation of IEPs in adolescents is indistinguishable from and may result in secondary gastroesophageal reflux and esophagitis. In each case, endoscopic polypectomy was utilized effectively as the mode of therapy.