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Irem Ozkarahan 《Journal of medical systems》1995,19(4):333-352
Reduction of health care costs is of paramount importance in our time. This paper is a part of the research which proposes an expert hospital decision support system for resource scheduling. The proposed system combines mathematical programming, knowledge base, and database technologies, and what is more, its friendly interface is suitable for any novice user. Operating rooms in hospitals represent big investments and must be utilized efficiently. In this paper, first a mathematical model similar to job shop scheduling models is developed. The model loads surgical cases to operating rooms by maximizing room utilization and minimizing overtime in a multiple operating room setting. Then a prototype expert system which replaces the expertise of the operations research analyst for the model, drives the modelbase, database, and manages the user dialog is developed. Finally, an overview of the sequencing procedures for operations within an operating room is also presented. 相似文献
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目的:通过对比不同时段应用肺表面活性物质( PS,商品名:固尔苏)联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)治疗胎龄≤32周新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(NRDS)的疗效差异。方法:将2011年5月~2013年4月高州市人民医院新生儿科收治的胎龄≤32周、确诊为NRDS的67例早产儿,按照PS的给予时间不同进行分组,观察组31例为在本院产科出生的早产儿,出生后1 h内在本院产房或手术室内给药;对照组36例为出生后6 h内由外院转诊我院新生儿科的早产儿,转至新生儿病房后即在新生儿病房内给药。两组患儿给药后均接NCPAP辅助呼吸,比较两组患儿用药后的临床症状、胸片、动脉血气等的变化程度,以及NCPAP辅助通气时间、上机率、病死率、并发症等方面的差异。结果:观察组临床症状、胸片及动脉血气得到较快改善,与对照组差异有统计学意义;观察组NCPAP辅助通气时间相对较短,上机率少,但差异无统计学意义;两组患儿病死率及并发症的发生率差异无统计学意义。结论:产房或手术室内极早期应用固尔苏可明显改善患儿呼吸功能,为NRDS患儿的后续治疗提供有利前提。 相似文献
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目的探讨基层医院手术室护士的主要职业危险因素及其防护对策。方法从意外损伤、护士本人的生理和心理因素和其它因素总结基层医院手术室护士的职业危险因素。结果提出了加强防护意识,落实防护措施,防止意外感染,并实行操作规范,防止锐器损伤等。结论调整自身心态,解除心理压力,落实规范操作和个人防护措施是实现职业安全的关键. 相似文献
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目的 研究动态状况下在普通手术间和洁净手术间矿山急救手术空气菌落及洁净手术间择期手术空气菌落的变化,以观察矿山急救手术对空气洁净度的影响.方法 采用平板暴露沉降法,分别对普通手术间、洁净手术间病人入室前、术中60min手术间空气进行采样.结果 矿山急救手术在普通手术间做预处理再进入净化间手术与净化间择期手术术中60min菌落监测结果无显著性差异.结论 矿山急救手术前预处理再进入洁净手术间手术,可有效减少空气菌落含量,保证了手术环境质量达到国家卫生学标准,降低了手术切口感染率. 相似文献
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《医学动物防制》2017,(6)
目的了解宾馆客房消毒间的数量及使用情况,提出做好客房杯饮具消毒工作的建议,为做好监督检测工作提供依据。方法采用现场卫生监督查看客房消毒间,按照GB 14934-94《食(饮)具消毒卫生标准》采样并进行评价。结果 27家宾馆中25家有专用消毒间,共有消毒间59间,达到每楼层有消毒间的9家;共有消毒柜62台,与床位的配置比例为69.74张/柜;共有客房服务员229人,工作量为18.88张床位/人。共采样108份,茶杯与口杯表面洁净合格率89.81%,差异无统计学意义(χ~2=2.530,P0.05);茶杯与口杯大肠菌群合格率94.44%,差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.706,P0.05)。结论 27家宾馆对客房杯饮具的消毒重视程度不够,卫生管理存在一定问题,建议进一步加强客房杯饮具消毒,卫生监督部门要做好预防性卫生监督和经常性卫生监督工作,加大卫生知识的宣传力度。 相似文献
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目的 了解手术室医护人员对手术安全核查制度的认知情况和态度,分析存在的问题,为提高手术团队对核查重视程度,保证手术安全、有效的实施,增进团队合作以及预防医疗失误的发生提供有效分析.方法 采用电子问卷的方式,随机对手术医生、麻醉医生、手术室护士进行问卷调查.结果 回收有效问卷167份,受访者认为手术安全核查显著改善了围手... 相似文献
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Effect of ultraclean air in operating rooms on deep sepsis in the joint after total hip or knee replacement: a randomised study 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
O M Lidwell E J Lowbury W Whyte R Blowers S J Stanley D Lowe 《British medical journal (Clinical research ed.)》1982,285(6334):10-14
In a multicentre study of sepsis after total hip or knee replacement the operations performed by each surgeon were allocated at random between control and ultraclean-air operating rooms. Records were obtained from over 8000 such operations. In the patients whose prostheses were inserted in an operating room ventilated by an ultraclean-air system the incidence of joint sepsis confirmed at reoperation within the next one to four years was about half that of patients who had had the operation in a conventionally ventilated room at the same hospital. When whole-body exhaust-ventilated suits had been worn by the operating team in a theatre ventilated by an ultraclean-air system the incidence of sepsis was about a quarter of that found after operations performed with conventional ventilation. When all groups in the trial were considered together the analysis showed deep sepsis after 63 out of 4133 operations in the control group (1.5%) and after 23 out of 3922 operations in the ultraclean-air groups (0.6%) (ratio 2.6, 95% confidence limits 1.6-4.2; p less than 0.001). The design of the study did not include a strictly controlled test of the effect of prophylactic antibiotics, but their use was associated with a lower incidence of sepsis than in patients who had received no antibiotic prophylaxis at their operations (0.6% (34/5831) v 2.3% (52/2221); ratio 4.0). 相似文献
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目的:采用随机自身对照设计方法比较在机械通气条件下,置入纤维支气管镜前、后机械通气的有效性。方法:选择25例ASA评分Ⅰ~Ⅱ级,拟在全身麻醉下行下肢内固定取出术的患者,在常规诱导后插入SLIPA喉罩。检查气密性、位置满意后,通过Y型接头接呼吸机,将潮气量设为10 ml/kg,实施CMV+模式通气。记录此后连续5次呼吸的平均吸气流速、呼气流速、吸气峰压、吸气气道阻力、气道的顺应性。再经Y型接头置入纤维支气管镜至气管隆突上方约1cm处,再次记录此后连续5次呼吸的平均吸气流速、呼气流速、吸气峰压、吸气气道阻力、气道的顺应性等。结果:所有患者在置入纤支镜前、后均能获得良好的通气效果,平均吸气流速、呼气流速、吸气峰压、吸气气道阻力、气道的顺应性均无显著差异。结论:使用SLIPA喉罩并施行机械通气,可以为纤维支气管镜检查或手术提供安全、有效、长时间的通气支持。 相似文献
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目的通过与同步间歇性指令通气(SIMV)模式比较,探讨适应性支持通气(ASV)模式是否可以减少快通道全身麻醉冠状动脉旁路移植术患者的机械通气时间。方法选取相同快通道全麻方案冠脉搭桥术后患者46例,随机分为两组。试验组选用ASV通气模式,对照组选用SIMV通气模式。观察对比两组患者机械通气的持续时间、吸气峰压、血流动力学参数、血气分析指标及其化验次数等。结果术后ASV组患者机械通气持续时间[196(152~286)]min短于SIMV组[253(196~498)]min(P<0.05),ASV组患者ICU停留时间(14.5±0.7)h短于SIMV组(16.8±0.4)h(P<0.01)。ASV组患者进行动脉血气分析的次数[5(4~7)]少于SIMV组[7(6~9)](P<0.05)。结论通过ASV模式进行撤机可以缩短快通道麻醉冠状动脉旁路移植术患者的机械通气时间,缩短ICU停留时间,可简化临床医生对机械通气的管理。 相似文献
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机械通气相关应用技术和进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
了解呼吸机湿化、雾和吸氧浓度等均对选择和使用呼吸机有重要参考意义。随着机械通气研究的进展及其相关技术的进步,对这些问题的认识也有了很大改变。很多研究成果已被应用到现代呼吸机的生产中。但在临床应用中也应注意到其限度和不足。 相似文献