泸州地区育龄妇女叶酸增补依从性及其影响因素

目的调查泸州地区育龄妇女叶酸增补依从性及其影响因素,为制定增补叶酸干预措施提供科学依据。方法于2020年6月至12月期间,采用方便抽样法选取四川省泸州市江阳区、纳溪区及泸县等7个县区共计38个乡镇或社区卫服务中心招募携带1岁及以内儿童接种疫苗的儿童母亲作为调查对象进行《育龄妇女叶酸知晓及叶酸服用情况》问卷调查,采用描述性分析方法对结果进行分析,并采用单、多因素分析方法对叶酸增补依从性影响因素进行分析。结果709名育龄妇女年龄20~47岁,平均年龄(32.09±6.51)岁。有307名(43.30%)进行孕前优生健康检查。84.76%调查对象曾服用过叶酸,32.02%正确知晓叶酸增补目的,而孕前3个月至孕早期3个月规范服用叶酸者仅占19.46%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,大专及以上文化程度(OR=2.158)、家庭月收入>3000元(OR=2.502)、机关事业单位职工(OR=3.543)、企业工作人员(OR=2.776)、生育2次(OR=1.793)和≥3次(OR=2.504)、孕前有进行优生健康检查(OR=4.586)、叶酸知识知晓(OR=8.499)的泸州地区育龄妇女对叶酸规范服用率更高。结论泸州地区育龄妇女的叶酸知晓和孕前叶酸规范服用率均较低,应针对重点人群增强叶酸预防神经管缺陷的认知,加强叶酸增补健康知识的宣传教育,从而提高孕前叶酸增补依从性。     

Folic acid and the prevention of neural tube defects: A survey of awareness among Latina women of childbearing age residing in southeast Michigan

Periconceptional intake of folic acid is known to reduce the risk for neural tube defects (NTDs). To inform southeast Michigan Latina women of childbearing age about the benefits of food and supplemental sources of the micronutrient in the prevention of NTDs, Spanish-English bilingual health educators carried out 20 education events in supermarkets and community organizations serving Latina women. One hundred and sixty Latina women ages 19 to 50 years indicated their current folic acid awareness and stated their future intentions regarding folic acid. Of 160 women surveyed, 114 (71%) had heard of folic acid, 84 (74%) knew that folic acid prevents birth defects, 63 (55%) knew the critical time to take folic acid, and 76 (67%) identified at least one source of folic acid. After participating in the education events, 136 women (85%) reported planning to eat more folate and/or folic acid-rich foods. Although general folic acid awareness is fairly high, health promotion efforts must be coordinated at community locations serving Latina women to share folic acid's specific protective effects in the prevention of NTDs, the critical timing of intake, and its food and supplement sources.     

Folic acid fortified milk increases blood folate and lowers homocysteine concentration in women of childbearing age

Daily consumption of 400 microg folic acid prior to conception and during early pregnancy is recommended for the prevention of neural tube defects (NTD). Strategies to increase folic acid consumption include supplements and fortified foods. Milk is consumed by women and can be fortified with folic acid but little is known about the effect of fortified milk on blood folate concentration in women of childbearing age. The objective of this study was to determine whether daily consumption of milk fortified with 375 microg folic acid increases blood folate and lowers homocysteine concentrations in women of childbearing age. Seventy-three non-pregnant women (aged 18-47 y) were randomized to receive either 75 g/d of a fortified or unfortified (control) milk powder for 12 weeks. Women who consumed the folic acid fortified milk had mean (95% CI) red blood cell and plasma folate concentrations that were 539 nmol/L (436, 641) and 35 nmol/L (30, 41) higher, respectively, than in the control group. Women drinking fortified milk had a 14% lower mean plasma homocysteine concentration at week 12 than women consuming the control milk. Daily consumption of fortified milk powder providing 375 microg folic acid increases blood folate and lowers homocysteine concentrations over 12 weeks in women of childbearing age. Daily consumption of fortified milk would be expected to reduce NTD risk.     

Fish consumption, advisory awareness, and hair mercury levels among women of childbearing age

The Wisconsin Division of Public Health and the State of Maine Bureau of Health collaborated on a 12 state mercury awareness project. The primary goals of this initiative were to evaluate mercury sport fishing advisory awareness among women of childbearing age and assess the methylmercury exposure among this subpopulation. The project, which was conducted between December 1998 and December 1999, involved a randomized telephone survey of 3015 women of childbearing age and hair mercury analyses for a subset of 414 women. While 92% of these women had consumed fish or shellfish during the past year, less than one third (29%) of them had eaten any sport-caught fish. More than two thirds of the women who consumed sportfish were not aware that their state had issued fish consumption guidelines to protect against methylmercury exposure. Hair mercury levels ranged from 0.005 to 4.62 ppm and were positively correlated with recent fish consumption rates (P<0.0001). Women who ate sport-caught fish did not have significantly higher hair mercury levels than others (mean 0.51 vs. 0.48 ppm). Among women who ate sportfish, advisory awareness had no effect on their mercury exposure. Demographic indicators associated with higher hair mercury levels included residence in northeastern USA, marital status of married, college education, annual household income greater than $75,000, and Asian race.     

Folic acid supplementation for pregnant women in Hungary

INTRODUCTION: Neural tube defects are common major congenital anomalies. Folic acid supplementation has been shown to reduce the incidence of neural tube defects. In 2003, incidence of neuroblastoma has decreased with 60% in Canada as a result of enriched cereal grain flours with synthetic folic acid. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the practice of the folic acid intake by pregnant women (based on the Hungarian recommendation) to the incidence of neural tube defects and neuroblastoma. METHODS: The practice of folic acid supplementation was examined by questionnaires filled according to the documentation of health visitors. The data were worked up by computer. The incidence of neural tube defect was obtained from the data of the Hungarian Congenital Anomalies Registry, however, the data of National Health Insurance Company are also given. The incidence of neuroblastoma was the data of the Hungarian Pediatric Tumor Registry. Regular folic acid intake has been recommended to pregnant women in Hungary, since the eighties of the last century. An official protocol had been released by the Obstetric and Gynecologic Professional Board in 1997. In this paper, the authors report the Hungarian pregnant women's folic acid intake in years of 2001, 2002 and 2003. These years were chosen, because according to the data of the Hungarian Pediatric Cancer Registry 45% of the neuroblastoma cases are less than 1 year old, and 45% of them are 1-5 years old at the time of diagnosis. The authors succeeded to collect the data from 95% of the pregnant women during these years (271,748 women). RESULTS: Based on the statistical analysis of the collected data, 69% of the pregnant women were regularly taking folic acid products in Hungary, however, the dose of the daily intake was below 5 mg. 93% of the pregnant women started the folic acid intake after their 7th weeks of pregnancy The incidence of neural tube defects was constant, and the incidence of neuroblastoma slightly increased during the above mentioned period. CONCLUSIONS: This work highlighted that, the folic acid intake to prevent neural tube defects was started too late, because the formation of neural tube is finished on 28. day of pregnancy. 85% of the pregnant women used less amount of folic acid than 5 mg/day. The increasing number of planned pregnancies would allow to start folic acid intake earlier. However, based on international experience, the enrichment of cereal grain flours with synthetic folic acid could provide optimal results.     

岳阳市育龄女性增补叶酸预防神经管缺陷的效果分析

目的分析岳阳市育龄女性增补叶酸预防神经管缺陷的效果,为以后的临床工作提供参考依据。方法选取2017年4月1日-2018年3月31日在岳阳市助产机构住院流产及分娩的64 276例育龄女性作为研究对象,根据治疗方式分为观察组(54 086例,规律服用叶酸)和对照组(10 190例,未规律服用叶酸)。比较两组神经管畸形发生率。结果观察组和对照组出生缺陷、围生儿出生缺陷、神经管畸形发生率比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0. 05)。结论岳阳市增补叶酸预防神经管畸形发生的效果显著,但仍有提升空间,在未来工作中可通过优化健康宣教、干预出生缺陷发生的相关因素而降低神经管畸形发生率。     

Seroprevalence of rubella among Jordanian women of childbearing age

This study was conducted to assess immunity (seroprevalence) to rubella among Jordanian women of childbearing age. A multistage cluster sampling was used to recruit 1125 women of childbearing age (15-49 year) from the 12 Governorates of Jordan. Anti-rubella antibody titers were measured using enzyme-linked immunoassays. The overall immunity rate to rubella among women in childbearing age was 90.9% (CI: 88.8-92.9). However, the immunity rate was significantly lower in younger women aged 15-19 years (83%) compared to the whole cohort (P相似文献   

补充叶酸与兰州地区孕妇发生子痫前期风险的研究

目的 调查兰州地区孕妇孕期各阶段补充叶酸与子痫前期发生的相关风险.方法 回顾2010-2012年在甘肃省妇幼保健院建卡并随访到分娩结局的14 591名孕妇为研究对象,以Logistic回归模型分析围孕期补充叶酸与子痫前期的关联性.结果 30％的孕妇在怀孕前补充叶酸,可降低子痫前期的风险(OR值:0.70;95％可信区间...     

芜湖市育龄妇女心理健康知识知晓率调查及影响因素分析

目的 了解芜湖市育龄妇女心理健康知识知晓情况,分析相关影响因素,为制定下一步宣传工作重点提供科学依据。方法 用分层整群随机抽样方法,从常住人口中抽取1 200名15～49岁的育龄妇女,使用心理健康知识问卷进行调查。 结果 育龄妇女心理健康知识知晓率为40.33%,总平均得分为（13.53±3.37）分,心理健康知识知晓率的与调查地区和调查对象的婚姻状况有关。 结论 芜湖市育龄妇女心理健康知识知晓率较低,开展广泛而有针对性的宣传活动是下一步的工作重点。     

广州市育龄妇女对紧急避孕知识的认知及需求调查

目的了解广州市育龄妇女对紧急避孕知识的认知和需求情况,确定有关方面的工作重点。方法采用随机抽样方法对2003年10月至2004年10月到广州市妇幼保健院门诊就诊的育龄妇女进行自填式无记名问卷调查。结果共调查360名育龄妇女,对紧急避孕知识的总知晓率为65.00%,不同年龄、文化程度、职业的妇女的知晓率差异有统计学意义;主要获知途径是书籍杂志(占34.63%)、朋友(占34.33%)、广播电视(占10.45%)等;采用过紧急避孕措施者占38.61%;调查对象紧急避孕知识的需求相当普遍(占76.11%),她们认为最可靠的知识来源是医疗部门,很希望得到医务工作者的专业指导。结论广州市育龄妇女对紧急避孕知识的知晓率偏低,医疗保健机构应加大对紧急避孕知识的宣传力度,并提供个体化咨询服务,以降低妇女非意愿妊娠的发生,宣教和服务的重点对象是未婚、文化程度较低的育龄妇女。     

Wife abuse among women of childbearing age in Nicaragua.

OBJECTIVES: This study measured the prevalence, frequency, and severity of physical wife abuse and its risk factors in León, Nicaragua. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with a representative sample of 488 women 15 to 49 years of age. RESULTS: The lifetime prevalence of spousal violence was 52% among ever-married women (n = 360). Spousal violence was significantly positively associated with poverty, parity, urban residence, and history of violence in the husband's family. No significant associations were found between spousal violence and women's age, education, marital dependency, or occupation. CONCLUSIONS: Wife abuse constitutes a major public health problem in Nicaragua, requiring urgent measures for prevention and treatment for victims.     

育龄妇女婚姻质量与产后症状及妊娠相关性

目的 探讨安徽省农村育龄妇女婚姻质量与妊娠相关关系,为采取相应干预策略提供依据.方法 随机抽取1380名已婚育龄妇女,采用Olson婚姻质量问卷及妊娠相关问题问卷进行入户调查.结果 收集有效问卷1220份,应答率为87.3%.育龄妇女总妊娠数2221次,其中自然流产率为7.3%,人工流产率为20.1%.育龄妇女产后躯体、焦虑、抑郁症状与婚姻质量(角色平等除外)的7个维度均呈负相关(P<0.01).产后求医行为与角色平等性总体呈正相关(P<0.01);怀孕次数与解决冲突的方式、角色平等性、死产与婚姻满意度,自然流产与夫妻交流、经济安排以及人工流产与婚姻满意度、性格相容性、经济安排均呈负相关(P<0.01);活产与婚姻满意度等5个维度呈正相关(P<0.01).结论 婚姻质量对农村育龄妇女的妊娠过程、结局及产后躯体、焦虑、抑郁症状等有显著影响.     

Risk factors for nightblindness among women of childbearing age in Cambodia

OBJECTIVE: To characterize risk factors for nightblindness among nonpregnant women of childbearing age, a group recently recognized to be at high risk of vitamin A deficiency in some developing countries. DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: The study included >15 000 households in National Micronutrient Survey of Cambodia conducted in 2000. SUBJECTS: The prevalence of nightblindness among 13 358 nonpregnant women was 2.0%. A total of 328 nonpregnant women with nightblindness were matched by province with 1009 nonpregnant women without nightblindness. METHODS: Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) as estimates of the relative risk of factors associated with nightblindness. RESULTS: In a final model, materials in the wall of the house (OR 1.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.9-2.0), land ownership < or =0.5 hectares (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.0-1.9), nightblindness in last pregnancy (OR 44.5, 95% CI 29.2-67.8), parity >3 (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.0-2.1), diarrhea within the last 2 weeks (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.3-2.8), maternal body mass index <18.5 (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2-2.7), and lack of consumption of vitamin A-rich animal foods in the last 24 h (1-60 retinol equivalents (RE) OR 1.1, 95% CI 0.7-1.6; > or =60 RE, OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.4-1.0) were associated with nightblindness among nonpregnant women. CONCLUSIONS: Women of childbearing age in Cambodia with low socioeconomic status, low consumption of vitamin A-rich animal foods, a history of nightblindness during the previous pregnancy, parity >3, malnutrition, and diarrhea have a higher risk of nightblindness. SPONSORSHIP: United States Agency for International Development (442-G-00-95-00515-00).     

补充铁剂对上海育龄妇女缺铁性贫血改善效果研究

目的了解缺铁性贫血育龄妇女补充铁剂的效果,探讨维持育龄妇女正常铁营养状况的总铁摄入量。方法招募贫血的育龄妇女74名,年龄21～45岁,按血红蛋白随机分成干预组和对照组,每日分别口服一包铁营养包(主要成分为焦磷酸铁和富马酸亚铁,含铁元素8mg)和安慰剂,连续服用6个月观察效果。干预前、3个月及6个月后两组均进行缺铁性贫血相关指标检查、膳食频率调查及24 h膳食回顾调查。结果干预6个月后干预组血红蛋白和血清铁蛋白均显著高于对照组(P<0.01),干预组和对照组血红蛋白值达标人数分别为15人(44.1%)和5人(14.3%),P<0.01;血清铁蛋白达标人数分别为11人(35.5%)和4人(12.1%),P<0.05。膳食铁的平均摄入量为14.0mg/d。总铁摄入量(膳食铁加补充的铁)与血红蛋白值的改变呈正相关(r=0.57,P﹤0.01)。膳食纤维摄入多和月经量多则是危险因素(P<0.05)。结论连续6个月每日补充8mg铁能有效改善育龄妇女缺铁性贫血,育龄妇女每日摄入23.2mg铁可维持正常铁储存状况。     

芜湖经济技术开发区育龄期妇女精神疾病预防知识知晓情况调查分析

2020年为《妇女发展纲要(2011-2020年)》评估年,芜湖市经济技术开发区为了解《妇女发展纲要(2011-2020年)》缺口指标"育龄期妇女精神疾病预防知识知晓情况",评估经开区妇女精神疾病预防知识的达标情况,于2020年4月至5月对350名15～49岁育龄妇女开展了线上育龄期妇女精神疾病预防知识知晓率调查,结果如下.     

育龄妇女妊娠前后小剂量增补叶酸的临床观察

目的 观察育龄妇女增补叶酸对妊娠结局及并发症的影响.方法 2006年1月至2008年6月在凤翔县妇幼保健院分娩的孕妇共2 833例,将其在孕前后增补叶酸者1 259例作为观察组,在孕前后未增补叶酸者1 574例作为对照组,回顾性地分析比较观察组与对照组在妊娠结局及并发症中的差异.结果 观察组中早产、足月低体重儿、神经管畸形、胎儿生长受限、妊娠期高血压疾病、贫血的发生率显著低于对照组,经比较差异有统计学意义(χ2分别为11.57、19.47、7.11、31.61、31.00、39.80,均P<0.01);唇腭裂、畸形引产的发生率低于对照组,经比较差异有统计学意义(χ2分别为6.19、5.47,均P<0.05).结论 育龄妇女妊娠前后增补叶酸能显著地降低胎儿神经管畸形、生长受限及孕妇妊娠期高血压疾病、贫血等妊娠并发症的发生率,并可改善妊娠结局.     

已婚育龄妇女月经不调社会影响因素分析

目的 了解中国育龄妇女月经不调社会影响因素,为育龄妇女健康咨询和政策制定提供参考依据。方法 利用全国2009年5个省份育龄夫妇孕前健康状况及危险因素暴露调查数据,分析8691名已婚育龄妇女月经不调分布及相关的社会影响因素。结果 已婚育龄妇女月经不调比例为17.6% (1526/8691),不同教育程度与家庭经济情况的已婚育龄妇女月经不调分布差异有统计学意义;饮食不规律(OR=1.41,95% CI=1.17~1.70)、偏食挑食(OR=1.49,95% CI=1.13~1.95)、很少吃禽蛋类(OR=1.24,95% CI=1.00~1.54)、超重(OR=1.49,95% CI=1.24~1.79)、肥胖(OR=1.98,95% CI=1.57~2.51)、家养动物(OR=1.26,95% CI=1.07~1.48)、近6个月内房屋装修(OR=1.33,95% CI=1.04~1.70)、使用化妆品(OR=1.31,95% CI=1.12~1.54)、感到家庭成员关系过度紧张(OR=1.40,95% CI=1.13~1.74)、感到家庭经济或生活困难(OR=1.75,95% CI=1.23~2.49)与已婚育龄妇女月经不调相关。结论 膳食营养、环境因素、行为方式和心理健康情况是影响妇女月经不调的重要因素。