新生大鼠大脑皮层神经细胞的体外原代培养

本文探讨了新生大鼠出生２４ｈ内大脑皮层神经细胞原代培养的方法，建立了稳定的神经细胞培养模型。通过光镜和细胞Ｎｉｓｓｌ染色、ＡＣｈＥ染色，对培养各阶段的神经细胞进行了观察，系统地描述了它们的生长发育过程和形态特征。本方法扩大了大脑皮层神经细胞培养材料的来源。另外，对培养方法的特点进行了讨论。     

用多次酶消化法体外培养的大鼠成骨细胞及其鉴定

目的 针对目前体外培养成骨细胞方法的不足,建立一种理想的原代培养成骨细胞的方法,为骨替代材料的研究提供成骨细胞.方法 本实验用新生1～2天大鼠颅盖骨,采用多次酶消化法进行细胞体外培养.倒置显微镜观察细胞形态,并对其碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性及矿化能力进行鉴定.结果 所培养细胞具有成骨细胞的形态学特征及体内成骨细胞的生物学行为.结论 本实验体外培养成骨细胞的方法切实可行,可为骨替代材料的研究提供种子细胞,也可为骨细胞生物学和骨组织工程的研究提供一种客观而有效的实验手段.     

胚胎大鼠脊髓神经元体外分离培养优化条件的建立

神经元的分离培养是神经科学研究的关键性技术。本实验通过观察比较不同条件下胚胎大鼠脊髓神经元的分离培养结果 ,摸索出了一套适合脊髓神经元体外培养的条件 ,分离出了生长状态良好、高纯度的脊髓神经元。并且优化了胚胎大鼠脊髓神经元的分离培养方法 ,建立了稳定的脊髓神经元培养模型     

体外培养大鼠皮质神经元兴奋性对Agrin表达的影响

本文目的在于观察体外培养神经元在兴奋性改变状况下其Agrin表达的变化,藉以了解Agrin与神经元发育的关系。采用高钾和低钾培养基培养皮质神经元,用免疫组织化学方法观察这些神经元Agrin表达的变化程度。结果表明,与正常组相比,高钾培养的皮质神经元在形态上无明显改变,神经元胞体的大小、突起的长短都与对照组接近;低钾培养神经元也仍能保持正常的形态,未发现明显的形态改变。免疫细胞化学结果提示,在高钾和低钾培养的皮质神经元中Agrin表达都明显增强,但高钾组的表达程度较低钾组为高。结论:神经元培养液中钾离子浓度所致的神经元活动是影响Agrin表达的重要因素。     

乙醇对体外培养大鼠大脑皮层神经细胞分化的影响

目的:观察神经细胞微管相关蛋白2(microtubeasso ciated protein-2,MAP2)、孤儿核受体1(nuclear receptor-related factor 1,NURR1)、拓扑异构酶Ⅱβ(DNA topoisomereⅡβ,TopoⅡβ)在乙醇毒性作用下的表达变化,探讨MAP2、NURR1、TopoⅡβ与乙醇导致的神经细胞分化异常的相关关系。方法:取新生鼠(出生24 h内),75%酒精消毒,断头取脑,分离皮层神经细胞接种于培养板,给予剂量75 mmol/L的乙醇培养3 d、5 d、7 d后,采用免疫荧光观察MAP2、NURR1、TopoⅡβ的表达变化;Fluoro-Jade B荧光染色观察神经细胞变性坏死情况。结果:随乙醇染毒时间的延长,原代培养的神经细胞分布较正常对照组稀疏,MAP2的表达发生了变化,以7 d组变化最明显,突起变细变短,阳性表达减弱;NURR1及TopoⅡβ的表达也随乙醇染毒时间的延长,阳性细胞数目及阳性信号表达的强度均呈下降趋势,以7 d最为显著。NURR1阳性细胞计数为(9.6±3.5)与正常对照组的(45.2±3.96)有显著差异(P0.05)。TopoⅡβ(55.8±3.77)与正常对照组的(86.2±4.82)有明显差异(P0.05);Fluoro-Jade B荧光标记显示在乙醇染毒5 d组及7 d组均可见阳性细胞。结论:MAP2、NURR1、TopoⅡβ可能参与了乙醇导致的神经细胞分化异常,改变了细胞骨架稳定,最终导致了部分神经细胞的变性坏死。     

大鼠脑微血管内皮细胞的原代培养

目的分离、培养原代脑微血管内皮细胞,建立体外血脑屏障模型。同时探索高纯度、活性好的脑微血管内皮细胞的分离培养方法。方法取3周大鼠大脑,分离皮质,经过匀浆、葡聚糖离心以及消化后,取纯度较高的脑微血管段种植于胶原蛋白包被过的塑料培养瓶中进行培养。显微镜观察及检测Ⅷ因子相关抗原。结果镜下细胞呈长梭形。7d左右细胞可融合,Ⅷ因子相关抗原免疫组化检测为阳性．且阳性细胞占绝大部分。结论本实验成功分离大鼠脑微血管内皮细胞,并进行原代培养,为脑微血管内皮细胞的进一步研究提供了模型．也为构建更高级的大鼠体外血脑屏障奠定基础。     

锌离子对TGF-β1诱导的大鼠腹膜间皮细胞转分化的影响

目的研究锌离子对转化生长因子(TGF-β1)诱导的大鼠腹膜间皮细胞(RPMC)转分化的影响,从而为锌离子在腹膜透析中的应用提供理论基础。方法胰蛋白酶消化法原代培养腹膜间皮细胞、传代、经鉴定后分组:正常对照组,TGF-β1(10ng/ml作用48h),ZnSO4作用组(30μMZnSO4作用24h,再加10ng/mlTGF-β1作用48h)。采用相差显微镜观察各组细胞表型改变。应用免疫荧光、western blot方法检测α平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)、上皮钙黏素(E-cadherin)、Ⅰ型胶原酶(collagenI)蛋白表达。结果 TGF-β1培养48h后细胞形态由典型的上皮逐渐变为梭形及不规则形,类似肌成纤维细胞,而ZnSO4作用组细胞形态改变明显减轻。α-SMA在正常组细胞存在少量表达,TGF-β1组荧光强度明显增强,而ZnSO4作用组荧光强度明显低于TGF-β1组。与对照组相比,TGF-β1组RPMC的α-SMA、collagenI蛋白表达明显升高,而E-cadherin蛋白表达降低。与TGF-β1组相比,ZnSO组RPMC的α-SMA、collagenI表达明显降低、E-cadherin蛋白表达增多。结论 4ZnSO4可逆转TGF-β1所致的RPMC的转分化,对腹膜透析过程中所导致的RPMC损伤具有保护作用。     

体外获得高纯度大鼠背根神经节神经元的原代培养

目的：建立一种切实可行的胚胎大鼠背根神经节神经元培养及纯化方法。方法：用显微解剖获取足够数量的胚胎大鼠背根神经节,通过胰蛋白酶+EDTA消化、交替使用NB培养基与加入了5-氟-2-脱氧尿嘧啶核苷酸/尿苷的抗有丝分裂NB培养基等方法,在体外获得纯化的背根神经节神经元,采用神经丝蛋白免疫细胞化学染色法与DAPI染核的方法鉴定并测定神经元的纯度。结果：获得的背根神经节神经元在体外生长良好,纯度可达到96%以上。结论：本实验方法可以获得大量高度纯化的大鼠背根神经节神经元。     

大鼠远端肺动脉平滑肌细胞分离与原代培养

目的探索简便、高效原代培养大鼠远端肺动脉平滑肌细胞的方法,为研究肺动脉高压发病机制提供实验材料。方法采用显微操作和分次酶消化法进行原代培养并与传统酶消化法比较。对培养的细胞进行形态学观察、平滑肌α-actin免疫荧光细胞化学法鉴定、激光扫描共聚焦显微镜计算纯度。结果两种酶消化法均可获得高纯度的远端肺动脉平滑肌细胞。镜下细胞呈典型的"峰-谷"状生长,胞质特异的α-actin阳性表达,细胞纯度达98%。分次酶消化法获得的细胞数及细胞存活率均大于传统酶消化法,并且提前了3d得到足够进行实验的细胞数量。结论本法简便、可靠、低成本,短期内可获得大量高纯度、功能良好的远端肺动脉平滑肌细胞。     

大鼠远端肺动脉平滑肌细胞分离与原代培养

目的 探索简便、高效原代培养大鼠远端肺动脉平滑肌细胞的方法,为研究肺动脉高压发病机制提供实验材料.方法 采用显微操作和分次酶消化法进行原代培养并与传统酶消化法比较.对培养的细胞进行形态学观察、平滑肌α-actin免疫荧光细胞化学法鉴定、激光扫描共聚焦显微镜计算纯度.结果 两种酶消化法均可获得高纯度的远端肺动脉平滑肌细胞.镜下细胞呈典型的"峰-谷"状生长,胞质特异的α-actin阳性表达,细胞纯度达98%.分次酶消化法获得的细胞数及细胞存活率均大于传统酶消化法,并且提前了3 d得到足够进行实验的细胞数量.结论 本法简便、可靠、低成本,短期内可获得大量高纯度、功能良好的远端肺动脉平滑肌细胞.     

Establishment of an in vitro assay to measure the invasion of ovarian carcinoma cells through mesothelial cell monolayers

Ovarian carcinoma is the leading cause of gynecological cancer deaths in the United States. Secondary tumor growths form by tumor cell invasion through the mesothelial lining of the peritoneal cavity and peritoneal organs. To study this interaction, we developed a dye-based in vitro model system in which mesothelial cells were grown as confluent monolayers, permeabilized, and then co-cultured with ovarian carcinoma cells for up to seven days. The mesothelial cells were then stained with trypan blue dye, which enabled the visualization of ovarian carcinoma cell invasion through the monolayers of mesothelial cells. Ovarian carcinoma cell invasion was inhibited for up to 7 days by the addition of GRGDSP peptides, a blocking monoclonal antibody against the β1 integrin subunit, or blocking monoclonal antibodies against matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9. Cell invasion was also inhibited by hyaluronan and GM6001, a chemical inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases. Differential gene expression of matrix metalloproteinases, tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases, and disintegrins were observed in primary ovarian carcinoma tumors and secondary metastases, compared to normal ovaries. Taken together, these results suggest that complex interactions between integrins, disintegrins, matrix metalloproteinases, and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases may mediate ovarian carcinoma cell invasion, and that the dye-based assay described herein is a suitable model system for its study. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Micronucleus to distinguish adenocarcinoma from reactive mesothelial cell in effusion fluid

To evaluate the role of the scoring of micronucleated cell (MNC) to distinguish reactive mesothelial cells from adenocarcinoma cells in effusion fluid. A total of 20 cases of unequivocal metastatic adenocarcinoma and 15 controls with reactive mesothelial cell proliferation in ascetic fluid were selected for scoring of the MNC. The numbers of cells having micronuclei were counted per 1000 of the well‐preserved cells in May Grunwald Giemsa stained slides in each case. The mean number of MNC in metastatic adenocarcinoma and reactive mesothelial cells were 21 + 6.53 and 2.93 + 2.63, respectively, per 1000 cells. Micronuclei frequency was significantly increased in adenocarcinoma patients compared with controls (Student's t‐test, P < 0.001). The scoring of MNC can be used as an additional biomarker and to discriminate between benign reactive mesothelial cells versus metastatic adenocarcinoma in effusion fluids in difficult situation. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Embolization of mesothelial cells in lymphatics: the route to mesothelial inclusions in lymph nodes?

Aims : To provide evidence that lymphatic embolization is the mechanism for mesothelial inclusions in lymph nodes.  

Methods and results

A 60-year-old man with alcoholic cirrhosis and ascites had an umbilical hernia resected. The herniorrhaphy specimen contained numerous dermal and submesothelial lymphatic vessels filled by cells similar to the cells that lined the hernia sac. Most of the cells in lymphatics were submesothelial reactive cells, whose cytoplasm stained with antibodies against cytokeratins (AE1–AE3; 8,18), smooth muscle actin, vimentin, desmin and tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA). Some cells seemed to be superficial mesothelial cells, being positive with high molecular weight anticytokeratin antibody 34βE12. On ultrastructural study submesothelial cells with intermediate cytoplasmic filaments, rough endoplasmic reticulum and primitive cell junctions, and scanty superficial mesothelial cells with microvilli, tonofilaments and desmosomes were found in the lymphatics.  

Conclusions

Lymphatic dissemination of mesothelial and submesothelial cells is an uncommon and not well known phenomenon. Lymphatic dissemination is probably the route by which the mesothelial cells reach the lymphatic nodes. These cells may be mistaken for malignant cells.     

Effects of asbestos and man-made vitreous fibers on cell division in cultured human mesothelial cells in comparison to rodent cells

We report the effects of chrysotile and crocidol-ite asbestos, and glass and rock wool fibers (man-made vitreous fibers, MMVF) on the induction of binucleate cells in vitro. The response of human mesothelial cells (target cells in fiber carcinogenesis) and rodent cells was compared. Human primary mesothelial cells, MeT-5A cells (an immortalized human mesothelial cell line), and rat liver epithelial (RLE) cells were exposed to asbestos and MMVF samples of similar size range. Milled glass wool, milled rock wool, and titanium dioxide were used as non-fibrous particle controls. All four fiber types caused statistically significant increases in the amount of binucleate cells in human primary mesothelial cells and MeT-5A cells (in the dose range 0.5–5.0 ug/ cm²). Chrysotile and crocidolite asbestos were more effective (1.3–3.0-fold increases) than thin glass wool and thin rock wool fibers (1.3–2.2–fold increases). However, when the fiber doses were expressed as the number of fibers per culture area, the asbestos and MMVF appeared equally effective in human mesothelial cells. In RLE cells, chrysotile was the most potent inducer of binucleation (2.9–5.0-fold increases), but the response of the RLE cells to crocidolite, thin glass wool, and thin rock wool fibers was similar to the response of the human mesothelial cells. No statistically significant increases in the number of bi- or multinucleate cells were observed in human primary mesothelial cells or RLE cells exposed to the non-fibrous dusts. In MeT-5A cells exposed to 5 ug/cm² of milled glass wool and milled rock wool, as well as in cultures exposed to 2 and 5 ug/cm² of TiO₂, significant increases were, however, observed. Our results show that rodent cells respond differently to mineral fibers than human cells. The results also add evidence to the suggested importance of disturbed cell division in fiber carcinogenesis. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

一种改良的新生大鼠小胶质细胞原代培养方法

目的:改良现有的小胶质细胞纯化分离培养方法,建立稳定、高产的培养模型。方法:选用新生1～2d SD大鼠进行混合胶质细胞培养,然后结合营养剥离法及震摇法纯化分离小胶质细胞;利用CD11b/c(OX42)免疫细胞化学的方法对分离的小胶质细胞纯度进行鉴定。结果:改良的方法可稳定的获得5×104个/培养瓶(25cm2)的小胶质细胞,纯度达到95%,荧光倒置显微镜下观察细胞形态,分离第1 d小胶质细胞呈不规则圆形,折光不均匀,继续培养3-5 d,小胶质细胞逐渐出现单极或多极突起,7 d时部分细胞转为静止状态,呈分枝状。结论:改良的小胶质细胞培养方法产量多,纯度高,为小胶质细胞在中枢神经系统疾病相关研究提供了新的基础。     

新生大鼠骨骼肌卫星细胞的原代培养及标记方法

本文用等密度沉降离心法分离出新生大鼠骨骼肌卫星细胞,观察其生长规律,检测分裂指数及生长曲线。用胶体金、DAPI及Brdu标记液分别标记细胞8、24、48h,测标记后细胞的生长曲线及标记率。结果表明分离所得肌卫星细胞纯度95％以上,梭形,培养第5天细胞排列出现方向性,并开始融合成肌管,第3—5天增殖旺盛,5代以内生长较快。三种标记方法对肌卫星细胞有不同程度毒性。胶体金标记法毒性最小,标记率100％;DAPI标记细胞率为100％;Brdu毒性最大且标记率仅为10％。本实验方法简单、快速,所得肌卫星细胞纯度高,性能好。胶体金标记法适合于电镜研究,DAPI标记法适合于光镜研究,Brdu标记法较差。     

地塞米松对大鼠胸膜间皮细胞水通道蛋白1表达的调节

 目的：观察胸膜间皮细胞水通道蛋白1（AQP-1）的表达及地塞米松（Dex）对其表达的影响，为进一步研究胸水治疗的机制提供实验依据。方法:体外培养大鼠胸膜间皮细胞，细胞鉴定后，采用免疫细胞化学、RT-PCR方法检测AQP-1表达；应用Western blotting检测以不同浓度Dex（10^-8、10^-7、10^-6、10^-5、10^-4 mmol/L）处理细胞 24 h 及以10^-4 mmol/L Dex处理细胞 6 h、12 h、24 h、36 h、48 h、72 h后AQP-1表达情况。结果:发现胸膜间皮细胞存在AQP-1表达， 10^-8、10^-7、10^-6、10^-5、10^-4 mmol/ L Dex干预胸膜间皮细胞 24 h 后，AQP-1蛋白表达量(积分吸光度)分别为755.04±19.81、843.72±19.41、862.96±26.53、694.80±32.00、938.08±13.32，分别高于正常对照组（372.90±16.46） 2.02、2.26、2.31、1.86、2.52倍 (P<0.01)，AQP-1表达升高与地塞米松浓度无关；以10-4 mmol/L Dex干预细胞 6 h、12 h、24 h、36 h、48 h、72 h 后，AQP-1蛋白表达量分别为：554.14±23.57、917.78±38.62、1 587.20±61.22、1 322.09±28.65、918.40±26.62、1 117.60±51.32，分别高于正常对照组（495.91±23.12）1.12、1.85、3.20、2.67、1.85、2.25倍(P<0.01)，AQP-1表达与地塞米松作用时间有关。结论:胸膜间皮细胞存在AQP-1表达，地塞米松对胸膜间皮细胞AQP-1表达有明显的增强性调节作用，具有时间依赖性。     

胎鼠海马神经元原代培养及转染条件的优化

目的 建立一种稳定的大鼠胎鼠海马神经元培养方法并能够有效的鉴定其纯度,探讨用化学转染试剂体外转染大鼠胎鼠海马神经元的最佳转染条件.方法 分离Wista大鼠E18d胚胎并取海马组织,无血清培养基培养并做MAP2荧光染色鉴定其纯度.应用lipofectamine <'TM>2000转染试剂盒,大鼠神经元电转试剂盒,lipo...