我国13种按蚊的系统发育数值分析

对我国13种按蚊的13个特征进行系统发育数值分析,画出魏格纳树状图和聚类分析树状图作比较,前者优于后者。从魏格纳树状图中可清楚显示2个亚属群;我国不同地域的大劣按蚊和多斑按蚊存在差异和复合种问题;按蚊属的发源地与扩散和蚊科的区系演变规律相一致。     

云南微小按蚊对5种杀虫剂敏感性基数调查

本文报道了云南微小按蚊对ＤＤＴ、马拉硫磷、杀螟硫磷、溴氰菊酯和二氯苯醚菊酯的敏感性测定。结果显示，潞西微小按蚊对菊酯类杀虫剂产生了不同程度的抗性。另外的３个杀虫剂，除元江品系对ＤＤＴ表现为中度抗性外，其余均为敏感。     

巴拉巴按蚊海南株的唾腺染色体

描述了海南地区巴拉巴按蚊(Anopheles balabacensis)四龄幼虫的唾腺染色体,绘制了多线染色体模式图。唾腺染色体由6条臂构成。观察七百多个标本,未发现自发的染色体畸变。性染色体带型与泰国的An.dirus species A相近似,但与马来西亚的An.dirus speciesB差异较大。     

中华按蚊和嗜人按蚊三种同工酶的比较研究

<正> 近年来,同工酶电泳技术日益为国内外学者所重视,并用同工酶作为遗传标志进行物种鉴定,探讨自然种群基因结构的变化及种内、种间的亲缘关系。本文用垂直平板型聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)对闽北种群数量大、传播疟疾和马来丝虫病能力     

球型芽孢杆菌2362株对两种按蚊幼虫杀伤效果的比较研究

摘要：目的了解球形芽孢杆菌2362株（Bs）对大劣按蚊及斯氏按蚊幼虫的毒力作用,为生物杀虫剂的使用提供科学依据。方法利用Probitan~ysis方法在实验室对球型芽孢杆菌2362株杀伤大劣按蚊和斯氏按蚊幼虫的效果进行了生物测定,并对两种按蚊的敏感性进行了比较研究。结果球形芽孢杆菌2362株对大劣按蚊幼虫48h和72h的LC50值为（0．0151±0．0029）m朗和（O．0110±0．0014）m胡,LC95值为（O．0960±O．0099）mg／1和（O．0529±0．0193）ml;对斯氏按蚊Hot株幼虫48h和72h的LC值为（O．0184±0．0015）mg／l和（0．0162±0．0014）mg／1,LC95值为（0．0850±0．0219）mg／1和（0．0620±0．0114）rag／1。结论球形芽孢杆菌2362株对大劣按蚊和斯氏按蚊均有较好的杀伤效果,大劣按蚊对Bs的敏感性似较斯氏按蚊幼虫略高,且作用持续时间也稍长。     

海南岛大劣按蚊扩散的进一步实验观察

1983年我们曾对大劣按蚊(Anopheles dirtls）的扩散范围进行了初步的实验观察。为了进一步了解该蚊种的扩敞活动，此次实验改用全面设置固定回收站的办法，通宵观察一夜的扩散范围，对今后制定规削防制区域界限提供更为充实的依据。     

云南微小按蚊(Anopheles minimus)对5种杀虫剂敏感性基数调查

本文报道了云南微小按蚊对DDT、马拉硫磷(malathion)、杀螟硫磷(fenitrothion)、溴氰菊酯(deltamethrin)和二氯苯醚菊酯(permethrin)的敏感性测定。结果显示,潞西微小按蚊对菊酯类杀虫剂产生了不同程度的抗性。另外的3个杀虫剂,除元江品系对DDT表现为中度抗性外,其余均为敏感。     

中华按蚊代谢抗性相关基因多态性分析

目的 测定中华按蚊现场样本的宏基因组,分析代谢解毒酶相关基因的多态性。方法 在山东济宁曹县和北湖区用人帐诱捕采集按蚊,基于形态和分子特征鉴定确认蚊种,进行宏基因组Illumina测序。从NCBI数据库下载属于CYP450s、GSTs和Coe基因家族的中华按蚊8个代谢解毒酶基因序列。应用DNASTAR将宏基因组测序结果与代谢解毒酶相关基因序列进行对比,在SeqMan Pro软件上分别进行读取和SNP分析,根据开放阅读框确定SNP的位置,并判别其为同义突变SNP或非同义突变SNP。结果 分子鉴定的山东济宁曹县和北湖区中华按蚊样本分别为31只和12只,分为2组进行宏基因组测序。Illumina测序每组样本产生的reads数近200 Mb,平均长度101 bp,GC含量平均为41%（曹县）和42%（北湖区）,mapping到8个代谢解毒酶基因序列上的reads数为391~2 810条,每个位点的平均覆盖度的范围为23.72~144.93。本研究中华按蚊8个代谢抗性基因共有135个SNP位点,其中109个导致同义突变,占80.74%,26个非同义突变SNP位点（19.26%）;每Kb的SNPs位点数为8.73~29.94;非同义突变SNPs在密码子的位置主要是第1位,占50.00%（13/26）,第2位和第3位分别占26.92%（7/26）和23.08%（6/26）。结论 Illumina测序获得中华按蚊宏基因组序列中代谢抗性相关基因具有相当程度的多态性,可为进一步研究中华按蚊的抗性分子机制提供重要数据。     

中国大陆窄翅伊蚊形态学及分类学地位探讨(Diptera:Culicidae)

对广东省野外采集的伊蚊属、新黑蚊亚属的窄翅伊蚊四龄幼虫、蛹和雌、雄成蚊进行形态学观察并与我国以前记录和世界其他地区同亚属蚊虫进行对比。对我国窄翅伊蚊的形态学特征进行补充并与世界其他地区相关蚊种进行比较．探讨其分类学地位。     

海南省5市县按蚊分布调查

目的了解海南省海口市、文昌市、定安县、屯昌县及临高县按蚊的分布现状。方法采用牛帐法于2011年4～5月在这5市县的山区、丘陵及平原三类环境中选取15个村庄进行调查。结果共捕获按蚊13种2 939只,其中嵌斑按蚊所占比例最高,达58.9%（1 731/2 939）,其次为中华按蚊,达26.0%（761/2 939）。主要媒介微小按蚊仅在屯昌2个调查点捕获;另外在海口演丰镇捕获嗜人按蚊。结论中华按蚊及嵌斑按蚊是我省主要按蚊种类;微小按蚊的种群密度可能处于较低水平,分布点也可能在减少;但嗜人按蚊的分布点可能在扩大。     

Larvicidal and repellent potential of Moringa oleifera against malarial vector,Anopheles stephensi Liston (Insecta: Diptera: Culicidae)

Objective

To evaluate the larvicidal and pupicidal potential of the methanolic extracts from Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) plant seeds against malarial vector Anopheles stephensi (A. stephensi) mosquitoes at different concentrations (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 ppm).

Methods

M. oleifera was collected from the area of around Bharathiar University, Coimbatore. The dried plant materials were powdered by an electrical blender. From each sample, 100 g of the plant material were extracted with 300 mL of methanol for 8 h in a Soxhlet apparatus. The extracts were evaporated to dryness in rotary vacuum evaporator to yield 122 mg and 110 mg of dark greenish material (residue) from Arcang amara and Ocimum basilicum, respectively. One gram of the each plant residue was dissolved separately in 100 mL of acetone (stock solution) from which different concentrations, i.e., 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 ppm were prepared.

Results

Larvicidal activity of M. oleifera exhibited in the first to fourth instar larvae of the A. stephensi, and the LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ values were 57.79 ppm and 125.93 ppm for the first instar, 63.90 ppm and 133.07 ppm for the second instar, 72.45 ppm and 139.82 ppm for the third instar, 78.93 ppm and 143.20 ppm for the fourth instar, respectively. During the pupal stage the methanolic extract of M. oleifera showed that the LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ values were 67.77 ppm and 141.00 ppm, respectively.

Conclusions

The present study indicates that the phytochemicals derived from M. oleifera seeds extracts are effective mosquito vector control agents and the plant extracts may be used for further integrated pest management programs.     

Ovicidal and repellent activities of botanical extracts against Culex quinquefasciatus,Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae)

Objective

To determine the ovicidal and repellent activities of methanol leaf extract of Ervatamia coronaria (E. coronaria) and Caesalpinia pulcherrima (C. pulcherrima) against Culex quinquefasciatus (Cx. quinquefasciatus), Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti) and Anopheles stephensi (An. stephensi).

Methods

The ovicidal activity was determined against three mosquito species at various concentrations ranging from 50-450 ppm under the laboratory conditions. The hatch rates were assessed 48 h after treatment. The repellent efficacy was determined against three mosquito species at three concentrations viz., 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 mg/cm² under the laboratory conditions.

Results

The crude extract of E. coronaria exerted zero hatchability (100% mortality) at 250, 200 and 150 ppm for Cx. quinquefasciatus, Ae. aegypti and An. stephensi, respectively. The crude extract of C. pulcherrima exerted zero hatchability (100% mortality) at 375, 300 and 225 ppm for Cx. quinquefasciatus, Ae. aegypti and An. Stephensi, respectively. The methanol extract of E. coronaria found to be more repellenct than C. pulcherrima extract. A higher concentration of 5.0 mg/cm² provided 100% protection up to 150, 180 and 210 min against Cx. quinquefasciatus, Ae. aegypti and An. stephensi, respectively. The results clearly showed that repellent activity was dose dependent.

Conclusions

From the results it can be concluded the crude extracts of E. coronaria and C. pulcherrima are an excellent potential for controlling Cx. quinquefasciatus, Ae. aegypti and An. stephensi mosquitoes.     

中华按蚊多态微卫星DNA位点的筛选和特征研究

目的:对中华按蚊多态的微卫星DNA位点进行分离和筛选,并阐明其特征.方法:应用中华按蚊基因组DNA的酶切片段与生物素标记的寡核苷酸探针杂交,亲合素富集和超滤离心浓缩目的片段,扩增放大,克隆并测序,构建中华按蚊微卫星DNA库.在其中挑选合适的微卫星位点,建立扩增体系.应用中华按蚊现场样本扩增不同的微卫星位点,聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳筛选具有多态性的微卫星位点.结果:构建的中华按蚊微卫星DNA库中包含252条序列,GenBank注册登记号为EF620047～EF620298.其中,双核苷酸重复最为常见,三核苷酸重复次之,多核苷酸重复少见;含(CA)和(GT)重复的序列最多,重复次数最多可达56次;完整序列占35.3%,非完整序列占20.2%,复合序列占18.7%,其余为非典型序列.设计了22对引物扩增不同的微卫星位点,其中20个位点产生特异的PCR产物,PAGE结果显示其中15个位点具有多态性.结论:获得了中华按蚊新的多态微卫星位点共15个,为中华按蚊群体遗传和其他相关研究提供了分子标志.     

中华按蚊和嗜人按蚊rDNA内转录间隔2区序列差异

目的：比较中华按蚊和嗜人按蚊核糖体ＤＮＡ（ｒＤＮＡ）内转录间隔２区（ＩＴＳ２）序列差异。方法：通过对ＰＣＲ扩增的ｒＤＮＡ ＩＴＳ２片段进行克隆测序，每种蚊测定３个克隆片段序列，比较其差异。结果：中华按蚊和嗜人按蚊的ｒＤＮＡ ＩＴＳ２序列长度分别为４６８和４５２ｂｐ，ＧＣ含量分别为４４．８７％和４９．１２％，两序列差异为２８．８％。结论：ｒＤＮＡ ＩＴＳ２序列差异可用于建立中华按蚊和嗜人按蚊的分子     

中国三囊库蠓亚属的种类分布及分类研究(双翅目:蠓科)

本文报告了我国三囊库蠓亚属Culicoides(Trithecoides)已知24种。亚属的鉴别特征,主要特征测量值以及雌虫和雄虫分种检索表。