一种用Word生成镜像文件的方法

HP LaserJet 4V／4MV Post Script 打印机具有图形功能,能将Microsoft Word文档解释为以*．prn格式的镜像图形文件。Ghost软件能读取、预览、打印以*．prn格式存储的文档。     

利用Office2003工具管理MV300光盘系统

本文详细论述如何利用Office 2003工具对西门子MV300图像工作站所刻录的光盘进行统一管理，快速检索病人图像资料所在光盘，迅速查阅病人图文资料。     

合作市儿童麻疹疫苗接种情况及影响因素调查分析

目的以甘南州合作市为调查点,以麻疹疫苗接种情况为例,通过调查适龄儿童监护人对麻疹疫苗接种知识知晓情况,了解甘肃省少数民族儿童的麻疹疫苗接种情况并分析影响因素,为控制甘肃省少数民族儿童中麻疹疫情提供科学依据和干预措施,并为预防接种知识的传播策略提供依据。方法采用概率比例规模抽样法(PPS),选择合作市300名儿童及其监护人作为本次调查对象。问卷调查采用自行设计的调查表进行,对儿童麻疹疫苗接种情况及可能影响因素进行调查分析。结果调查儿童MV1接种率为100.00%,MV2接种率为87.63%,MV1及时接种率为77.33%。MV1及时接种单因素χ2检验,结果显示,居住地类型、小孩母亲文化程度、是否知道下次接种疫苗的时间、给孩子接种疫苗是否安全以及按接种证上的日期带孩子接种疫苗的接种率具有统计学差异,说明此5项因素可以为儿童疹疫苗首剂不及时接种的影响因素。MV1及时接种多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,居住地为农牧区、小孩母亲文化程度为文盲、不知道下次接种疫苗的时间、认为给孩子接种疫苗不安全4项因素是降低儿童MV1及时接种率的影响因素。结论合作市儿童MV1接种率较高,但MV2接种率和MV1及时接种率偏低,应加大对儿童监护人的宣传力度,丰富宣传形式,提高儿童监护人对麻疹接种知识的知晓情况和麻疹预防接种意识,提高MV2接种率和MV1及时接种率。     

湖南省2002～2006年麻疹发病年龄特征分析

[目的] 解我省2002～2006年麻疹发病年龄特征,为制订消除麻疹策略提供依据.[方法] 对麻疹病例年龄构成和年龄别发病率进行描述流行病学分析.[结果]全省2002～2006年麻疹主要发生在小年龄组儿童中,86.56%～89.44%的病例集中在<15岁儿童年龄组.2006年≤1岁儿童麻疹发病率大峥度上升,2006年≤1岁儿童发病率>300/10万,2006年≤1岁人群出现麻疹发病高峰.[结论] 我省2005、2006年麻疹发病年龄特征发生较大变化,<1岁、1岁～、2岁～麻疹发病增多.应提高2剂次麻疹减毒活疫苗(MV)接种率和满8月龄婴儿MV及时接种率,做好2～7岁儿童第2剂次MV接种,建立和完善查验预防接种证制度,适时在重点地区和重点人群中开展MV强化免疫.     

学龄儿童麻疹疫苗效力和接种率研究

为探讨安徽省学龄儿童麻疹爆发原因和预防麻疹爆发,运用1∶2匹配的病例对照方法研究学龄儿童麻疹疫苗(MV)的效力.在经实验室确诊的麻疹爆发中,选6～15岁的学生患者为对象,其同年出生、同班或邻居而又未患过麻疹的学生为对照.共调查了156例麻疹患者,309名对照.以预防接种卡/证MV记录统计,学龄儿童中1剂次MV效力估计为65%,95%的可信区间(CI)为38%～81%;2剂次MV效力估计为78%,95%CI为43%～92%;≥1剂次MV效力估计为69%,95%CI为45%～83%.学龄儿童性别、居住地和年龄对MV效力有影响,男性、农村及≥10岁学生MV效力较低.学龄儿童≥1剂次MV估计接种率＜70%,2剂次MV接种率＜50%.学龄儿童中较低的MV效力和/或较低的MV接种率是麻疹爆发的主要原因.提高和维持高水平2剂次MV接种率是预防麻疹爆发的关键,在学龄儿童中应开展MV强化免疫活动.     

麻疹发病与麻疹疫苗接种的病例对照研究

目的探讨甘肃省部份地区发生麻疹爆发或流行的原因,分析麻疹减毒活疫苗(MV)效力与麻疹发病之间的关系。方法选择4个县进行1∶1配对病例对照研究。结果共调查病例和对照各358人,病例中<7岁儿童占27.65%,7~14岁占66.48%,平均年龄8.62岁。病例组MV接种率36.87%,对照组MV接种率89.94%;接种MV后≥5年发病者占68.94%,7~9岁发病儿童距接种MV≥5年的占74.47%。1∶1配对病例对照研究计算,接种MV与麻疹发病的比值比95%可信区间为0.028~0.079,MV效力95%可信区间为92.1%~97.2%。结论甘肃省部份地区发生麻疹爆发或流行的主要原因是MV接种率过低,存在免疫空白。提高MV接种率,缩短MV 2针接种间隔时间,适时开展MV强化免疫可有效控制麻疹。     

江苏省2012年麻疹病毒的基因特征分析

目的对江苏省2012年麻疹病毒(measles virus,MV)进行分离,并分析其基因特征。方法对江苏省2012年麻疹咽拭子进行病毒分离,麻疹病毒分离株针对N基因进行PCR扩增,并对该PCR产物进行序列测定,结合从基因库下载的中国MV毒株序列以及世界卫生组织(WHO)MV基因型参考株一起进行分子流行病学研究。结果通过比较核苷酸和氨基酸同源性和构建亲缘关系树发现,江苏省2012年MV分离株属H1a基因型,但序列相互间存在差异。此外,通过分析江苏省2012年MV分离株的遗传距离发现,MV毒株序列同源性和亲缘关系树分析结果一致。结论江苏省2012年流行的麻疹同属H1a基因型,是由H1a基因型MV的多个传播链引起的;且MV毒株间存在序列差异,说明在江苏省流行的MV发生了一定程度的变异。     

84对母婴血清麻疹病毒抗体水平分析

目的 研究杭州师范大学医学院84对母婴血清麻疹病毒（Measles virus,MV）抗体水平,为指导婴幼儿的麻疹疫苗接种提供科学依据.方法 以2013年7月6日-10月5日来我院产科分娩的84对母婴为研究对象,用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测血清MV IgG抗体水平,统计分析采用SPSS 17.0软件.结果 研究时段内84名产妇血清MV IgG范围为49.9～6471.0 mIU/mL,几何均数为（1 147.4±1 181.1）mIU/mL,MV IgG阳性率为88.1％; 84名新生儿MV IgG范围为18.4 ～ 6234.8 mIU/mL,几何均数为（1 153.6±1 231.4） mIU/mL,MV IgG阳性率为92.8％,但MV IgG超过1 000mIU/mL者仅占35.7％,产妇与配对新生儿MV抗体IgC阳性率和整体水平无显著性差异（P＞0.05）;产妇与其新生儿MV IgG抗体水平具有正相关性（r=-0.682,P＜ 0.001）.结论 产妇与新生儿血清MV IgG抗体水平密切相关,新生儿血清MV IgG抗体滴度处与较低水平.     

麻疹爆发的病例对照研究分析

为了解河南省麻疹疫苗 (MV)免疫效力 ,进而探讨麻疹爆发的原因 ,选择 2 0 0 2年 5起有代表性的麻疹爆发 ,进行 1∶2配对的病例对照研究 ,共调查 10 1对。分别根据不同的免疫史来源 ,计算配比与非配比下的MV效力。结果显示 :病例组的MV接种率非常显著地低于对照组。配比后得出的MV效力高于不配比得出的结果。仅凭预防接种记录 ,不考虑家长回忆得出的MV效力为 71 9% ;将家长回忆作为免疫史判断依据得出的MV效力为 89 4 % ,不同免疫史判断标准得出的MV效力均偏低。因此 ,MV效力不够高和免疫接种率偏低是麻疹爆发的主要原因。     

LQ-300K打印机常见故障及维护

随着信息化的不断发展,打印机已成为临床工作中不可缺少的一部分。随着打印机使用时间的延长,难免会出现各种故障,影响工作,为了提高工作效率,现将我院使用的LQ-300K打印机常见故障及排除方法介绍给大家,以供参考。1LQ-300K打印机常见故障1.1控制面板上的指示灯不亮故障原因:电源线与电源插座没有正确连接,或电源线与插座接头松动,导致电源不通。可在插座中插入另外一个电器设备,例如电灯或其它电器,以检查电源插座是否正常工作。1.2打印机不打印故障原因:(1)打印机作业太多,无法执行。此时可在打印机的设置中清除所有打印作业,重新打印;…     

Correlates of stages of change of smoking among inhabitants of deprived neighbourhoods

BACKGROUND: This study examines the prevalence and correlates of stages of change of smoking, in terms of psychosocial, structural and sociodemographic factors, among inhabitants of deprived neighbourhoods. METHODS: Cross-sectional data were obtained from a survey on health related behaviour. Subjects were 2009 current and former smokers, aged 20-46, living in deprived neighbourhoods in Rotterdam, the second largest city in the Netherlands. Three groups of smokers were formed according to the stages of change-definitions of the Transtheoretical Model: smokers not planning to quit (precontemplators), smokers planning to quit (contemplators/preparators) and former smokers (actors/maintainers). Smokers planning to quit and smokers not planning to quit were compared regarding psychosocial factors (attitude, social norm, self-efficacy), structural factors (neighbourhood problems, material deprivation, financial problems, employment status) and sociodemographic factors (age, gender, marital status, cultural background, educational level). Former smokers were compared with smokers planning to quit regarding structural and sociodemographic factors. Logistic regression was used to assess correlates of stages of change. RESULTS: Smokers planning to quit (prevalence = 19%) reported a more positive attitude, stronger social norms and higher self-efficacy expectations in quitting smoking than smokers not planning to quit (prevalence = 57%). Smokers planning to quit less often were Dutch-born, more often had attended higher vocational schooling or university and more often reported experiencing two or more neighbourhood problems compared to smokers not planning to quit. Former smokers (prevalence = 24%) were older, more often Dutch-born, married, employed and higher educated, compared to smokers planning to quit. Furthermore, former smokers less often reported material deprivation and financial problems than smokers planning to quit. CONCLUSION: Among people living in deprived neighbourhoods, different factors correlate with different stages of change of smoking. Implications for health promotion are discussed.     

Comparison of the efficiency of various methods for the synthesis of models of metabolites: example of 4a-methylhexahydronaphtalenones

In order to examine the biotransformations of xenobiotics, it is essential to realize studies of metabolism of drugs in living animals. It is generally difficult to extract quantitatively the metabolites from biological media or excreta. Alternative methods have then been developed. Application of such techniques to 4a-methylhexahydronaphthalenones, which constitute starting material for the stereospecific synthesis of terpenoids or steroids, is particularly demonstrative. By biosynthetical ways, it was not possible to access with good yields to all the metabolites obtained in vivo. A novel methodology, based on the use of a manganoporphyrin catalyst, allowed to synthesize large amounts of several models of metabolites corresponding to those which had been isolated in living rats. Only one of the metabolites obtained in vivo could not be synthesized by this biomimetic system. This proved that alternative methods are precious to obtain models with good yields, but need to be validated by controls in living animals.     

不同发展程度地区农村人口对艾滋病的认知

调查结果表明,农村人口对于艾滋病的认知程度普遍较低,而且经济越落后的农村地区更为明显;农村人口对艾滋病病人的态度处于抗拒状态;绝大多数农村人口对政府在艾滋病的预防宣传和导向不清楚。为此,应当采取更多务实措施,预防艾滋病在农村的蔓延:(1)坚持以预防为主的思想为指导方针,发挥社区的功能,及时发现感染源并加以引导;(2)从农村自身的实际出发,利用好新闻媒体及卫生机构做好艾滋病相关知识的宣传工作,转变农村居民对艾滋病的愚昧思想;(3)加强农村青少年的性教育及艾滋病的预防知识,有条件的应引导安全套的使用;(4)当地政府要加强对色情场所的管制,采取强有力的行政手段遏制艾滋病的传播。     

构建输入性登革热风险预警量化指标体系的研究

目的结合有关文献,筛选输入性登革热风险预警量化评价的指标,构建科学、合理、准确和量化的输入性登革热风险预警评价指标体系。方法采用德尔菲法（Delphi）设计,就指标体系的每一项指标选定专家进行征询,选定的专家按重要性分值1、3、5分对评价指标进行评价。结果剔除了59项三级指标要求中的9项,保留了50项（占84.7%）;专家对整体《评价表》的重要性评价均值为3.50,一级指标要求为3.85,二级指标要求为3.56,三级指标要求为3.44,显示《评价表》的重要性较高,专家的意见集中程度较好;专家对总体指标意见的协调系数为0.33（P〈0.05）,对一级指标意见的协调系数为0.56（P〈0.05）,对二级指标意见的协调系数为0.48（P〈0.05）,对三级指标意见的协调系数为0.31（P〈0.05）,本次研究的专家意见协调程度较好。结论该评价表的构建可为输入性登革热的监测提供科学、合理、准确和量化的评价工具。     

上海市某医院骨科平均住院日影响因素分析

对上海市某医院2003年-2007年骨科出院病人的住院日描述性分析．2003年-2007年骨科的床位利用指数与平均住院日相关性分析．2003年-2007年骨科床位与医护比例分析．2007年骨科前10大病种平均住院目影响因素分别进行单因素相关性分析和多因素逐步回归分析（STATA软件）。通过对骨科10大病种住院日影响因素分析,术前等待天数、手术类型、是否输血分别对10个、9个和8个病种的住院目有影响。输血因素和手术类型是医院不可控、由病人的病情决定的,术前等待天数是管理因素,是最值得医院重视的影响因素。     

建立国际航行船舶媒介生物监测预警系统的思路

随着全球经济一体化和海运业的蓬勃发展，媒介生物以国际航行船舶、集装箱、货物等为载体侵入我国，对我国人民和动物的健康构成极大威胁。为了保障我国的卫生安全和经济安全、应对国外技术性贸易措施和履行即将实施的新《国际卫生条例》，在科学性和实用性原则的基础上，提出建立国际航行船舶媒介生物监测预警系统。该系统框架包括4部分：媒介生物信息模块、国际航行船舶媒介生物监测模块、媒介生物风险评估模块和国际航行船舶媒介生物风险预测管理模块。实现这一系统，我们必须：采用相同的方法和标准、长期坚持媒介生物监测工作、开发应用计算机软件、加大财力投入和培养人才。     

医学院学生14例癔症分析

目的为了解高校大学生癔症发病情况,以利于做好癔症发作的预防。方法对徐州医学院14例癔症病人发作诱因、临床表现及诊治情况进行回顾性分析。结果具备＂癔症性格特征＂的女大学生易受精神刺激出现心理障碍而发病,且临床症状与体征不符,有复发倾向,暗示治疗有效。结论癔症的起病与精神因素和暗示密切相关,在治疗中暗示疗法同样起着重要作用。应加强女大学生心理健康教育,积极预防癔症发作。     

Nutritional quality of leaves of some genotypes of mulberry (Morus alba)

This study was undertaken to determine the proximate composition, vitamins, minerals and the antinutritional factor tannic acid in leaves of six genotypes of mulberry. The results showed that in fresh mulberry leaves the proximate composition values ranged from 71.13 to 76.68% for moisture, from 4.72 to 9.96% for crude protein, from 4.26 to 5.32% for total ash, from 8.15 to 11.32% for Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), from 0.64 to 1.51% for crude fat, from 8.01 to 13.42% for carbohydrate and from 69 to 86 kcal/100 g for energy. In dried mulberry leaf powder, moisture ranged from 5.11 to 7.24%, crude protein from 15.31 to 30.91%, total ash from 14.59 to 17.24%, NDF from 27.60 to 36.66%, crude fat from 2.09 to 4.93%, carbohydrate from 9.70 to 29.64% and energy from 113 to 224 kcal/100 g. Among vitamins ascorbic acid and β-carotene were found to range from 160 to 280 mg/100 g and from 10,000.00 to 14,688.00 µg/100 g, respectively, in fresh mulberry leaves and from 100 to 200 mg/100 g and from 8438.00 to 13,125.00 µg/100 g, respectively, in dried mulberry leaf powder. The minerals iron, zinc and calcium were observed in the ranges of 4.70–10.36 mg/100 g, 0.22–1.12 mg/100 g and 380–786 mg/100 g, respectively, for fresh mulberry leaves, and 19.00–35.72 mg/100 g, 0.72–3.65 mg/100 g and 786.66–2226.66 mg/100 g, respectively, for dried mulberry leaf powder. The tannic acid ranged from 0.04 to 0.08% in fresh leaves and from 0.13 to 0.36% in dried leaf powder.     

某院128例药物不良反应报告的回顾分析

目的：了解某院药物不良反应的特点,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法：对某院128例药品不良反应报告进行分析。结果：128例药品不良反应中,抗感染药的不良反应发生率最高,其次为化学药品、中成药,用药途径以静脉给药为主,累及的器官以皮肤及软组织损害最为常见。结论：严格掌握药品适应证的同时也要重视其不良反应,合理选用治疗药物,尽可能的减少或避免不良反应的发生。     

The influence of COPD on health-related quality of life independent of the influence of comorbidity

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to determine the influence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on health-related quality of life (HRQL) independent of comorbidity. METHODS: Patients with COPD in general practice, >/=40 years, were selected. To recruit controls, a random sample of persons without COPD and >/=40 years, was taken. HRQL was assessed with the SF-36 and comorbidity was determined by questionnaire. RESULTS: The influence of COPD on HRQL independent of comorbidity (represented by adjusted regression coefficients) was significant for physical functioning (-27.6), role functioning due to physical problems (-21.6), vitality (-14.4), and general health (-25.7), and was minor and not significant for social functioning (-5.6), mental health (-1.3), role functioning due to emotional problems (-2.7), and bodily pain (-2.5). Comorbidity contributed significantly to the HRQL of all domains (-7.6 to -27.1). CONCLUSIONS: COPD patients can be impaired in all domains of HRQL. However, impairments in physical functioning, vitality, and general health are related to COPD and to some extent to comorbidity, while impairments in social and emotional functioning do not seem to be related to COPD, but only to comorbidity.