北京市项目社区已婚育龄妇女人工流产现况调查

目的了解北京市项目社区育龄妇女人工流产的情况,并探讨其影响因素。方法采用多阶段整群抽样方法,对北京市项目社区的两个街道579名育龄妇女进行结构式问卷调查。结果 330人(56.99%)有过人工流产的经历,人工流产的平均次数为(1.36±0.67)次。人工流产的主要原因是避孕失败(51.66%)和未避孕(36.56%)。学历为高中/中专的育龄妇女,其人工流产比例高于初中及以下对象[(近似值差异率(oddratio,OR)=1.754,95%可信区间(confidenceinterval,CI):1.063～2.895];与职业为农民/工人的育龄妇女相比,无业育龄妇女的人工流产率较高(OR=2.213,95%CI:1.063～4.608)。结论不使用或者不正确使用避孕方法,以及对人工流产的错误认识都是人工流产比例居高不下中不可忽视的因素。因此,需针对不同学历、不同职业的育龄妇女开展针对性的避孕节育服务,以降低人工流产的比例,并开展流产后保健服务以减少重复流产率。     

275例流动人口紧急避孕药使用情况调查研究

目的了解当前流动人口紧急避孕药的使用情况,分析形成这种现状因素,并通过研究规范紧急避孕药的使用。方法选择我县275例符合条件的流动人口进行问卷调查,将问卷结果应用统计学方法进行统计分析。结果本次调查的275例流动人口中,采取避孕措施的有251人,占91.27%。其中使用过紧急避孕药的人为32人,占11.64%。其中流动人口的年龄大小,是否已婚,学历的高低对紧急避孕药的使用情况有影响,而性别、工作成所等因素对紧急避孕药的使用情况影响不大。结论目前在流动人口当中还有很多人对紧急避孕药的使用存在盲目性和误区,对紧急避孕药的相关知识了解较少,因此,更加规范紧急避孕药的使用情况是具有非常重要的意义的。     

育龄妇女避孕知识知晓率调查及影响因素分析

目的:了解山东省育龄妇女避孕知识知晓率及其影响因素。方法:采用问卷调查,对4 828名20-49岁育龄妇女的避孕知识得分及其影响因素进行分析。结果:①大部分育龄群众的避孕知识得分在10-30分(满分50分),占65%,及格率只有13.1%。调查对象大多知道IUD、避孕套、输卵管结扎术、输精管结扎术及避孕药。②影响避孕节育知识得分的因素有年龄、文化程度、村分类、是否参加计生宣传培训、读报刊、看电视听广播、上网、个别查询、是否了解现采用避孕措施、技术服务人员是否提供宣传资料、是否知道知情选择的含义、能否自主选择避孕方法等。结论:采取有针对性的干预措施和开展健康教育,促进生殖健康,推动育龄妇女避孕方法知情选择,可提高育龄妇女避孕知识知晓率。     

青海省育龄妇女紧急避孕情况调查分析

目的:了解青海省育龄妇女紧急避孕知情和使用情况,以减少非意愿妊娠和人工流产。方法:对青海省425例育龄妇女进行问卷调查。结果:文化程度低的妇女知晓率低,妇女有关紧急避孕的知识主要来源于书报杂志和亲友。70.1%的对象知道紧急避孕法,多数知道的是激素类紧急避孕药,但其中只有11.1%知道其使用有效时间为性生活后72h以内。用药者中58.9%1年内服用紧急避孕药2次及以上。72.3%用药后有再次未防护的同房。药物来源以药店为主。24.1%急避孕失败。425例中只有15例知道放置宫内节育器紧急避孕。高文化程度,高收入,工作环境好的人群知晓率高。结论:高原地区育龄妇女紧急避孕知识缺乏,文化水平制约着妇女对知识的接受能力。为减少非意愿妊娠和人工流产,迫切需要加强紧急避孕的知识宣传。     

避孕方法知情选择对四川省农村育龄妇女的影响

目的:了解四川农村地区育龄妇女避孕知识状况并探讨其影响因素。方法:在四川兴文县的2个乡开展持续1.5年,以农村社区为基础,20~50岁的育龄妇女为对象的干预性研究。干预活动为组织社区宣传活动、发放资料、播放录像带、组织讲座。通过干预前后和设立对照组对干预项目的效果进行分析。结果:(1)干预组育龄妇女对避孕方法的使用、原理、优点、缺点得分明显高于对照组和干预前组;(2)影响避孕知识得分的因素包括年龄、文化程度、子女数、咨询和宣传材料次数以及妇女对避孕知情选择有关的态度等。结论:社区避孕知情选择干预项目的实施,可显著提高四川农村社区育龄妇女的避孕知识水平。     

新时期避孕药具的使用及管理策略分析

目的:对新时期避孕药具的使用状况展开探讨,并提出更加科学有效的管理策略。方法:选取2016年2月-2017年2月在计划生育服务中心进行孕前检查的1200名育龄妇女作为研究对象,对其避孕药具使用状况进行统计分析。结果:(1)经统计得知,宫内节育器为最主要的避孕方法,使用者835人,占比69.58%;其次为避孕套,使用者248人,占比20.67%;排在第三位的为安全期避孕及体外射精,117,占比9.75%。(2)经分析得知,年龄水平、学历水平、户籍以及生育情况是影响避孕方式选择的主要因素(p0.05)。结论:应当重点加大未婚、文化程度偏低及农村地区育龄妇女的避孕药具健康使用教育力度,提高避孕药具的使用效率。     

庄河市农村育龄妇女紧急避孕药应用现状

目的调查庄河市农村育龄妇女了解和使用紧急避孕药的情况。方法对庄河市2个乡镇、1160例育龄妇女进行问卷调查。结果紧急避孕药的知晓率为43．4％，10．8％的人有需求使用紧急避孕药的情况，但实际使用率仅为3．7％。结论进一步加大紧急避孕知识的宣传力度，增设紧急避孕药的发放渠道，方便和满足育龄妇女的需求。     

上海市育龄妇女紧急避孕知识和意识调查

为了解上海市育龄妇女紧急避孕意识和知识水平及需求,1998年3～5月随机抽查10017例18～49岁的上海市育龄妇女。结果表明,知道紧急避孕者占28.2％,且在不同婚姻状况、年龄、文化程度、职业间存在显著差异:已婚者紧急避孕知晓率高于未婚者;25岁以上者知晓率明显高于25岁以下者;初中及以上文化程度者知晓率远高于文盲组和小学组;科技人员、职员及行政干部组知晓率高于农民组和其他组。紧急避孕知识来源于计划生育干部的途径为最高,达50.2％,且在不同婚姻状况、年龄、文化程度、职业间存在显著差异。已婚者紧急避孕服务需求地点以单位医务室、社区咨询站为最高。可见,目前上海市育龄妇女紧急避孕知识较为缺乏,应加强紧急避孕知识的宣传,提供紧急避孕服务。     

北京市密云区产后妇女避孕知识知晓情况及相关影响因素分析

目的:了解北京市密云区产后妇女相关避孕知识的知晓情况,为开展避孕宣教工作提供依据。方法:以2015年8-12月在密云区医院及密云区妇幼保健院住院的产后妇女作为研究对象进行问卷调查。问卷为自行设计,内容包括基本情况(姓名、年龄、联系方式、婚姻状况、户口性质、最高学历、职业、家庭人均月均收入、既往孕产史)和避孕知识知晓情况(10类常用避孕方法的使用条件、优缺点、哺乳期是否可以使用)。结果:715例被调查的产妇中,避孕知识得分41.5±20.4分,成绩60分者占18.3%。多元logistic回归分析显示,年龄、职业是避孕知识得分60分的独立影响因素。结论:密云区产妇避孕知识缺乏,应进一步对其进行更加全面、合理的避孕宣教,尤其是低年龄、特殊职业人群,以期做到真正的知情选择,维护女性生殖健康权宜。     

我国5城市已婚育龄妇女节育状况及影响因素分析

目的 :了解我国城市已婚育龄妇女节育状况及其影响因素。方法 :根据 2 0 0 2年 5城市已婚夫妇计划生育问卷调查资料 ,进行流行病学调查分析。结果 :5城市已婚育龄妇女综合节育率为 95 92 % ,机关妇女低于企业妇女 ,且存在不同地区间差异。各种避孕方法中 ,以宫内节育器使用率最高 ,达 4 1 17%。地区、年龄、妊娠次数、丈夫职业、丈夫学历、丈夫原生活地影响机关组已婚育龄妇女节育率 ,地区、年龄、职业、丈夫原生活地影响企业组已婚育龄妇女节育率。结论 :我国城市已婚育龄妇女的避孕节育情况较好 ,但不同地区、不同社会学特征的育龄妇女间存在差异 ,不同职业已婚妇女节育率的影响因素有所不同。     

人工流产妇女紧急避孕药使用现状及存在的问题调查

目的:了解人工流产妇女紧急避孕药使用现状,分析推广和使用过程中存在的问题及原因。方法:在北京市两所三级甲等医院随机选择人工流产妇女进行问卷调查,并对部分对象深入访谈。结果:共调查403名,紧急避孕药知晓率达94.8%,62.5%的对象曾经用过紧急避孕药,但错误使用率达23.4%。紧急避孕药的使用与调查对象的教育程度、避孕和流产史以及性观念有关。结论:人工流产人群对紧急避孕药认识不足与错误认识现象并存,对紧急避孕药存在滥用情况,需通过有效手段及时纠正。     

Are women ready for more liberal delivery of emergency contraceptive pills?

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the knowledge, use and attitudes towards emergency contraception (EC) among women attending family planning clinics. DESIGN: Self-administered questionnaire survey. SETTINGS: Eight birth control clinics and three youth health care centers of The Family Planning Association of Hong Kong. SUBJECTS: A total of 2454 women aged 15 to 53 attending the clinics between 1 November 2003 and 13 December 2003 were recruited. RESULTS: A total of 1405 completed questionnaires were analyzed. 63.7% of women had heard of EC and 51.8% knew that they had to take it within 72 h. 15.7% had used EC before. More advertising on EC was considered desirable by 46.3% of subjects. 48.7% of subjects supported advanced provision of emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs) and 25.7% supported over-the-counter sales. CONCLUSION: The awareness and use of EC were low in our study population. They were not ready for more liberal delivery of ECPs as less than 50% of women supported these new delivery modes and their knowledge on ECPs use was inadequate.     

Emergency contraception among university students in Kingston,Jamaica: a survey of knowledge,attitudes, and practices

Emergency contraceptives (ECs) are an important option for young women in Jamaica, where rates of unplanned pregnancy are high. Few previous studies of EC exist in Jamaica. We surveyed a random sample of 205 students living on campus at the University of the West Indies in Kingston, Jamaica, to learn more about students' knowledge and opinions of EC pills (ECPs). General awareness of ECPs was high (84%), although many students were unaware of specific details regarding the method's appropriate use, such as the time frame. Twenty students (10%) had used ECPs themselves or had a partner who had used them. Most had used ECPs for the first time because they lacked contraception or because of contraceptive failure. Following their first use of ECPs, 55% adopted an ongoing method of contraception. Most students felt ECPs were an important option for women in Jamaica; however, some feared ECPs might be overused. Future educational campaigns should provide Jamaican university students with detailed information about this method.     

Feasibility of recruitment for an efficacy trial of emergency contraceptive pills

BACKGROUND: The efficacy of emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs) is currently uncertain. The best way to obtain a robust efficacy estimate would be to conduct a placebo-controlled randomized trial. We aimed to assess the feasibility of identifying women eligible for such a trial. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a survey of women aged 18-35 years in five sexually transmitted disease clinics and urgent care centers in Kenya and the United States in 2006. RESULTS: Of 177 women surveyed, only 10 (6%) reported no reasons for exclusion from a potential efficacy trial. Of the rest, 149 (83%) had not recently had sex that conferred a substantial risk of pregnancy. At all sites combined, the rate of identification of potentially eligible women was 0.6 per day of interviewing. CONCLUSION: A placebo-controlled efficacy trial of ECPs would likely require several thousand participants. Recruitment for such a trial in these types of sites would be prolonged.     

Provision of emergency contraceptive pills to spermicide users in ghana

This study evaluated the effect of two approaches to provision of emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs) on ECP use and unprotected intercourse among women relying on spermicides for contraception. The study enrolled 211 women at 4 family planning clinics in Ghana. At two clinics, participants were advised to return to the clinic within 3 days after unprotected intercourse to obtain ECPs. At the other two clinics, participants were given ECPs to take home for use if unprotected intercourse occurred. All participants were asked to maintain daily diaries for 8 weeks to record information on sexual activity, spermicide use, and ECP use. Women at all clinics used ECPs after at least 78% of unprotected coital acts. ECPs were used more promptly by women who had the pills at home. At three of the clinics, at most 1.3% of the coital acts were unprotected; at the fourth, 6.7% were unprotected. Our data did not suggest that the availability of ECPs increased the frequency of unprotected intercourse.