Modified crush technique with double kissing balloon inflation (sleeve technique): a novel technique for coronary bifurcation lesions.

We report a modified crush technique with double kissing balloon inflation (the sleeve technique) in an attempt to increase the success rate of final kissing balloon inflation, which has been shown to improve the angiographic outcomes of side branch in bifurcation lesions. A stent was advanced across the side branch with protrusion of 3-5 mm of proximal stent segment into the main vessel. At the same time, a size-matched balloon with length long enough to cover the bifurcation as well as the protruding stent segment was placed in the main vessel. The side-branch stent is deployed first, the wire and stent balloon are removed. This is followed by balloon inflation in main vessel at high pressure to crush the protruding stent segment against vessel wall. The side branch is then rewired, two balloons are advanced to the main vessel and side branch, and the bifurcation is kissed with balloons the first time. The side branch is now like a new sleeve. The balloon and wire of the side branch are removed. Another stent was positioned and then deployed in the main vessel. The side branch is rewired the second time, two balloons are advanced to the main vessel and side branch again, followed by final (second) kissing balloon inflation of the bifurcation. The sleeve technique has been employed in six consecutive patients with 100% success rate of final kissing balloon inflation. There was no major adverse cardiac events or stent thrombosis encountered within 30 days of percutaneous coronary intervention.     

Stenting of unprotected distal left main coronary artery bifurcation stenoses using modified crush technique with double kissing balloon inflation (sleeve technique): immediate procedure result and early clinical outcome

BACKGROUND: Sleeve technique is a modified version of the crush technique. It is specifically designed to increase the success rate of final kissing balloon inflation, which used to be a major limitation of the latter. OBJECTIVE: This study sought to look at the feasibility, safety, and early clinical outcome of sleeve technique in stenting of unprotected distal left main coronary artery (LMCA) bifurcation stenoses. METHODS: From August 2005 to April 2006, 12 consecutive patients with symptomatic distal LMCA bifurcation stenoses of diameter narrowing > or =50%, who refused coronary artery bypass graft surgery, were treated with two-stent strategy using the sleeve technique. RESULTS: Eleven patients (91.7%) were male, with a mean age of 64.4 +/- 9.3 years. Intravenous abciximab was given to 10 patients (83.3%). The baseline reference vessel diameters of the main vessel and side branch were 3.32 +/- 0.44 and 3.00 +/- 0.58 mm, respectively. After intervention, the minimal luminal diameter was increased from 0.99 +/- 0.46 to 3.26 +/- 0.28 mm and 1.43 +/- 0.71 to 2.93 +/- 0.45 mm in the main vessel and side branch, respectively. The intervention procedure was successful in all patients with 100% final kissing balloon inflation rate. The average procedure time was 58.6 +/- 20.5 minutes. Two patients had a small non-Q myocardial infarction postprocedure. The resultant major adverse cardiac event rate was 16.7% at 30 days after the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Sleeve technique is a safe and feasible approach in the stenting of distal LMCA bifurcation stenoses.     

主支支架加边支预埋球囊治疗冠状动脉分叉病变的疗效及安全性观察

目的 探讨主支支架加边支预埋球囊治疗冠状动脉分叉病变的临床疗效及手术安全性.方法 以江苏省徐州市中心医院2012年10月至2013年7月收治的冠状动脉分叉病变患者86例为研究对象,采用主支支架加边支预埋球囊术进行治疗.依据研究组患者的基线资料特点,选取行单导丝边支保护的60例边支病变患者为对照组.术后,对比评价两组患者的介入治疗成功率、并发症发生率以及随访1年后的心肌梗死溶栓试验（thrombolysis in myocardial infarction,TIMI）血流分级、TIMI心肌灌注（TIMI myocardial perfusion,TMP）血流分级等.结果 术后,研究组和对照组的介入治疗成功率分别为98.84％和85.71％,并发症发生率分别为1.16％和11.11％,组间比较差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.随访1年期间,研究组的主要心血管事件发生率低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义[6.98％（6/86） vs.31.75％（20/63） P＜0.05];TIMI血流分级、TMP血流分级以及右心室舒张末期内径和右心室射血分数均优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 主支支架加边支预埋球囊可提高冠状动脉分支病变患者的介入治疗成功率,降低并发症的发生率,血运重建效果良好,具有较好的远期疗效.     

Serial intravascular ultrasound analysis comparing double kissing and classical crush stenting for coronary bifurcation lesions

Background : Compared with the classical crush, double kissing (DK) crush improved outcomes in patients with coronary bifurcation lesions. However, there is no serial intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) comparisons between these two techniques. Objectives : This study aimed to analyze the mechanisms of the two crush stenting techniques using serial IVUS imaging. Methods : A total of 54 patients with IVUS images at baseline, post‐stenting and eight‐month follow‐up were classified into classical (n = 16) and DK (n = 38) groups. All patients underwent final kissing balloon inflation (FKBI). Unsatisfactory kissing (KUS) was defined as the presence of wrist or >20% stenosis during FKBI at the side branch (SB) ostium. The vessels at bifurcation lesions were divided into the proximal main vessel (MV) stent, the crushed segment, the distal MV stent, the SB ostium and the SB stent body. Results : KUS and incomplete crushing were commonly observed in the classical group (62.5%, 81.3%), compared with DK group (18.0%, 39.5%, P < 0.001 and P = 0.004). The post‐stenting stent symmetry in the classical group was 71.85 ± 7.69% relative to 85.93 ± 6.09% in DK group (P = 0.022), resulting in significant differences in neointimal hyperplasia (NIH, 1.60 ± 0.21 mm² vs. 0.85 ± 0.23 mm², P = 0.005), late lumen loss (1.31 ± 0.81 mm² vs. 0.55 ± 0.70 mm², P = 0.013), and minimal lumen area (MLA, 3.57 ± 1.52 mm² vs. 4.52 ± 1.40 mm^2, P = 0.042) at the SB ostium between two groups. KUS was positively correlated with the incomplete crush and was the only predictor of in‐stent‐restenosis (ISR) at the SB ostium. Conclusion : DK crush was associated with improved quality of the FKBI and larger MLA. KUS predicted the occurrence of ISR. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Sequential vs. kissing balloon angioplasty for stenting of bifurcation coronary lesions.

Coronary angioplasty of bifurcation lesions remains a technical challenge and is believed to result in low procedural success associated with the risk of side-branch occlusion. Furthermore, long-term results are associated with a high rate of reintervention. The aim of the study was to evaluate the immediate and long-term clinical and angiographic results of sequential vs. simultaneous balloon angioplasty (kissing balloon technique) for stenting of bifurcation coronary lesions. Between December 1999 and January 2001, 59 patients underwent coronary angioplasty because of symptomatic bifurcation lesions type III (i.e., side branch originates from within the target lesion of the main vessel, and both main and side branch are angiographically narrowed more than 50%). Twenty-six patients were treated with simultaneous and 33 patients with sequential balloon angioplasty. Main-vessel stent placement was mandatory; side-branch stenting and platelet IIb/IIIa antagonists were allowed at the discretion of the operator. Kissing balloon technique offered no advantage in terms of procedural success or need for repeat target vessel revascularization due to restenosis at 6-month follow-up. Using sequential balloon angioplasty, permanent or transient side-branch compromise rate (TIMI flow < 3) was significantly higher than after kissing balloon technique (33% vs. 0%, respectively; P = 0.003). Major clinical events in-hospital or at 6-month follow-up, however, showed no significant differences. Kissing balloon angioplasty reduces the rate of transient side-branch occlusion compared to sequential PTCA but does not improve immediate or long-term outcome compared to sequential PTCA for stenting of bifurcation lesions.     

A modified balloon crush approach improves side branch access and side branch stent apposition during crush stenting of coronary bifurcation lesions.

OBJECTIVES: Despite the advent of drug eluting stents and newer interventional techniques designed to treat the main vessel and side branch in bifurcation stenoses, optimal treatment of the side branch remains problematic. We aimed to assess the feasibility of a modified balloon crush technique for percutaneous treatment of coronary bifurcation stenoses. BACKGROUND: Use of the crush technique in bifurcation stenoses remains limited by access to the side branch after main vessel stent deployment, as well as limitations of side branch stent deployment. The modified balloon crush technique aims to improve side branch access and stent apposition. METHODS: The modified balloon crush is similar to the previously described balloon crush technique. Following side branch stent deployment, a balloon positioned in the main vessel is deployed to crush the proximal side branch stent. A guide wire is then placed into the side branch with a subsequent high-pressure balloon inflation at the side branch ostium. This opens the stent struts at the ostium of the side branch, facilitating future passage of the guide wire following main vessel stent deployment, prior to kissing balloon inflation. RESULTS: We performed this modification of the crush technique safely in 10 patients. We were successful in obtaining side branch access in nine of ten patients following initial main vessel stent deployment. In the only failure, there was a 90 degrees angle between the main vessel and side branch. CONCLUSIONS: The modified balloon crush technique can be safely performed, while optimizing side branch access and side branch stent apposition.     

改良Y支架术与reverse crush支架术治疗冠状动脉分叉病变的疗效比较

目的对比改良Y支架术与reverse crush支架术治疗冠状动脉分叉病变的临床疗效。方法将65例冠状动脉分叉病变患者随机分为两组,分别行改良Y支架术（改良组）和reverse crush支架术（对照组）治疗,观察两组疗效和随访1年主要心脏不良事件发生率。结果改良组手术时间、X线曝光时间短于对照组（P均〈0．01）;造影剂和球囊用量少于对照组（P均〈0．01）,最终球囊对吻成功率更高,但无统计学差异（P〉0．05）;6～9个月造影随访,改良组分支血管再狭窄率低于对照组（P〈0．01）。1年随访结束,对照组心脏不良事件发生率高于改良组,但无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。结论改良Y支架术较teverse crash支架术操作简单、费时少,具有更低的分支再狭窄率,有减少随访1年临床心脏不良事件的趋势,推荐临床优先选用。     

Effect of jailed balloon technique on side branch protection in percutaneous coronary intervention for bifurcation lesions

Background Data comparing the jailed balloon technique （JBT） and conventional jailed wire technique （JWT） during percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） for bifurcation lesions is scanty. Methods From January 2013 to June 2013, 192 consecutive patients undergoing elective PCI for de novo Medina 1,1,1 bifur- cation lesions were enrolled in this study. JBT and JWT were applied to protect the side branch （SB） at the discretion of the operator. Procedural outcomes were compared between the JBT and the JWT group. Results Seventy-four patients were treated with JBT and 118 with JWT. Proportion of patients achieving TIMI 3 flow in main branch （MB） was similar in both groups while in SB it was much lower in JWT group compared with JBT group （74.6% vs. 93.2%, P = 0.001）. In addition, patients in JWT group showed higher incidence of periprocedural myocardial infarction （MI） compared with patients in JBT group （11.9% vs. 2.7%, P = 0.008）. Similar tendency was observed in SB occlusion （18.6% vs. 5.4%, P = 0.009）. No device-related complications were observed in both groups. Conclusion JBT is an effective and safe measure to protect the SB during PCI for bifurcation lesions.     

无球囊对吻单支架植入术治疗分叉病变的近期疗效

目的：通过比较分叉病变经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术（PCI）3种处理方法的近期疗效,探讨最简单处理方法-无球囊对吻单支架植入术的安全性及有效性。方法：入选主支血管即刻造影成功PCI患者81例,分成三组：无球囊对吻单支架组,主支血管植入药物洗脱支架（DES）后,边支血管不予任何处理;球囊对吻单支架组,主支植入DES后,边支血管予球囊对吻扩张;球囊对吻双支架组,主支和边支均植入DES后,予球囊对吻。6个月临床随访观察主要不良心血管事件（MACE）发生情况,以及定量冠状动脉造影（QCA）评价血管再狭窄率和血管狭窄程度。结果：术后6个月,虽然三组间边支血管开口狭窄程度[（65．3±19．6）％、（59．9±17．7）％和（46．8±11．5）％,P〈0．001]有显著性差异,但是三组间MACE发生率（12．1％、14．8％和19．0％,P〉0．05）和主支血管再狭窄率（6．1％、7．4％和9．5％,P〉0．05）差异无显著性。结论：主支血管即刻造影成功PCI患者3种处理方法的近期临床疗效并无显著性差异,提示无球囊对吻单支架植入术治疗分叉病变安全有效。     

应用切割球囊结合支架术治疗冠状动脉分叉处病变89例

目的 :评价经皮冠状动脉腔内切割球囊成形术 （PTCBA）结合支架术治疗冠脉分叉处病变的安全性及疗效。方法 :对 89例冠心病患者主支病变应用 PTCBA预扩张后置入支架、分支病变单行 PTCBA而不置入支架 ,观察其冠脉病变特点、手术过程相关因素、手术成功率、并发症和近、中期随访结果。结果 :89例患者中分叉处病变位于前降支 /对角支占 71% ,回旋支 /钝圆支占 2 5 % ,右冠脉 /后降支或后侧支占 4%。对分支血管行 PTCBA后 1例因残余狭窄 >5 0 %而植入支架 ,1例因并发轻度钙化且分支成角较大切割球囊未通过 ,改用常规 PTCA球囊扩张成功。病变 PTCBA成功率达 97.8% ;无院内死亡、急性心肌梗死 （AMI）、急性心包填塞及急诊冠脉搭桥术等严重并发症。对手术成功的 87例术后临床随访 3～ 2 6个月 ,无死亡及 AMI等心脏事件发生。临床心绞痛复发率 17.2 %。复查冠脉造影 （CAG）率 5 6.3 % ,示 49处分叉病变主支支架内再狭窄率 14.3 % ,分支血管再狭窄率 18.4%。结论 :PTCBA结合支架术治疗冠脉分叉处病变是一种安全、有效的介入治疗技术 ,其成功率高、并发症少 ,近、中期疗效满意