结直肠癌围手术期加速康复外科治疗的安全性及有效性研究

目的观察加速康复外科（FTS）治疗在结直肠癌手术患者中的安全性和有效性。方法30例结直肠癌患者分为两组,每组15例。对照组采用传统的围手术期处理方法;FST组采用FST程序,主要措施包括缩短患者术前的禁食时间,术前口服含碳水化合物的液体,不放置鼻胃减压管,不放置腹腔引流管,术后早期口服饮食,加强术后止痛,尽早下床活动等。观察比较两组手术及术后住院时间、营养状态、肠道功能、并发症发生及费用等情况。结果两组比较,FST组比对照组术后住院时间缩短、治疗费用减少、术后肠排气时间提前、停止静脉输液时间提前、手术后体重下降减轻,以上指标两组差异均有统计学意义。FST组的并发症并未增加。结论结直肠癌患者按FST治疗安全、有效,可以减少住院时间与费用,加速患者的康复。     

Randomized clinical trial of patient-controlled versus fixed regimen feeding after elective abdominal surgery.

BACKGROUND: Although studies have shown that early oral feeding after abdominal surgery is feasible, many surgeons still advocate a careful, slow introduction of postoperative oral feeding. This study was conducted to investigate whether patient-controlled postoperative feeding is possible in patients undergoing colonic or aortic surgery. METHODS: A randomized clinical trial compared patient-controlled postoperative oral feeding (PC group) with a fixed regimen (FR group). Patients in the PC group (n = 56) received oral feeding when they requested it; patients in the FR group (n = 49) started a normal diet on day 5. Endpoints were time to tolerance of a diet similar to the preoperative diet, reinsertion of a nasogastric tube, complications and duration of hospitalization. RESULTS: Median time to resumption of a normal diet was 3 days in the PC group and 5 days in the FR group (P < 0.001). Reinsertion of a nasogastric tube was required in nine patients in each group (P not significant). The incidence of complications was similar in both groups: 12 of 56 in the PC group and 13 of 49 in the FR group. There was no significant difference in duration of hospital stay between the groups. CONCLUSION: Most patients tolerate a normal diet on the third day after operation. Patient-controlled postoperative feeding is safe and leads to earlier resumption of a normal diet.     

快速康复外科在胆道外科中应用的初探

目的 探讨快速康复外科(FTS)在胆道外科中应用的安全性及有效性.方法 将哈尔滨医科大学第一临床医学院2005年3月至2007年3月收治的234例接受腹腔镜胆囊切除术、小切口胆囊切除术、开腹胆总管探查切开取石术和肝管-空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术的病人随机分为对照组和FTS组.对照组采用传统的围手术期处理方法 ;FTS组采用加速康复的新型围手术期处理方法 ,主要包括术前口服碳水化合物,不留置鼻胃减压管和尿管;术中维持病人体温,控制补液量及不留置腹腔引流管;术后早期下床活动,早期进食和采取有效的镇痛措施等.结果 与传统对照组相比,FTS组病人的术后住院时间和输液时间明显缩短,术中出血量和治疗费用显著减少,术后首次排气、排便时间明显提前(P<0.05);两组手术时间并无显著差异.结论 在胆道外科中应用FTS治疗是安全、有效的,可以减少治疗费用,缩短住院时间,更好地促进病人早日康复.     

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??None routine nasogastric decompression tube and early oral feeding in abdominal surgery WANG Jian-zhong*??JIANG Zhi-wei??BAO Yang,et al. *No.2 Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China Corresponding author: JIANG Zhi-wei, E-mail: surgery34@163.com Abstract Objective To investigate the security and feasibility with none routine nasogastric decompression tube and early oral feeding in abdominal fast track surgery. Methods 62 patients who accepted gastrointestinal operation were inserted nasogastric decompression tube as control group(A group), meanwhile other 58 with none routine nasogastric decompression tube and early oral feeding according fast track surgery rules as the experiment group(B group). We compared their time to flatus and the ratio of postoperative complications including throat ache, nausea, atelectasis, wound infection, pneumonia, anastomotic leak. Results To compared A group the time to flatus was advanced in B group(P??0.05). While the ratio of throat ache and nausea in A group increased significantly(P??0.01). And other postoperative complications were no difference between two groups. There were few patients need to reinsertion of nasogastric decompression tube because of atelectasis in two groups but no significantly difference(P??0.05). Conclusion None routine nasogastric decompression tube and early oral feeding in abdominal fast track surgery was safe and feasibility.     

Roux-en-Y Reconstruction at Greater Curvature in Biliopancreatic Diversion: Effects on Early Postoperative Functional Recovery

Delayed gastric emptying after distal gastrectomy and reconstruction of alimentary tract with a gastroenteric anastomosis can significantly influence early and late postoperative course and the length of hospital stay. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect on postoperative functional recovery of two different Roux-en-Y reconstructions: at the gastric greater curvature and at the transected gastric staple line in the Scopinaro's biliopancreatic diversion. We conducted comparative study; 80 patients were enrolled and divided in two groups: group A (RY-GC) and group B (RY-SL) with 40 patients in each group. We compared the early postoperative functional recovery for both groups measuring four parameters: gastric stasis indicated with the volume of the gastric fluid collected per 24 h, day of removal of the nasogastric tube, day of starting the oral intake, and day of hospital discharge. There was statistically significant (p?相似文献   

结直肠手术后早期进食的临床研究

目的 探讨结直肠术后早期进食的安全性、可行性及有效性.方法 选择2007年5月至2007年11月间行开腹结直肠切除术后的患者47例,随机分为早期进食组(试验组)与常规进食组(对照组).观察术后恢复过程、胃肠道功能恢复以及并发症发生率等.连续性变量以x±s表示,统计比较采用Student's t检验;分类变量以发生率的百分比表示,采用x2检验.结果 两组患者的年龄、手术方式、手术时间、合并症等无明显差异.两组均无围手术期死亡,对照组有1例患者出现吻合口漏与腹腔脓肿.试验组患者的首次排气排便时间(1.9±0.6)较对照组(2.8±0.9)早(P<0.01);术后静脉输液时间(3.8±0.9)亦较对照组(4.8 ± 1.2)短(P<0.01).试验组的术后住院时间(9.0±3.2)较对照组(10.0±3.3)短(P=0.27),腹胀的发生率分别为27%与44%(P=0.23),差异无统计学意义.试验组患者恶心、呕吐的发生率较对照组高,分别为31%与20%(P=0.35),但其差异无统计学意义.试验组与对照组各有2例患者因恶心、呕吐,或再次手术重新留置胃肠减压.对照组中有3例患者术后发热. 结论结直肠术后早期进食是安全可行的,可以有效促进术后恢复.     

Multimodal rehabilitation in colorectal surgery. On resistance to change in surgery and the demands of society

Perioperative management is one of the fields of surgery most hide bound by tradition and conventional attitudes are difficult to modify even in the face of strong scientific evidence. One of the advances that has most helped to improve the results of colorectal surgery is multimodal or fast-track rehabilitation, which aims to enhance recovery, reduce morbidity, and shorten the length of hospital stay. This modality is based on a multidisciplinary approach provided by surgeons, anesthesiologists and other staff and aims to decrease the response to physiopathological changes induced by surgical aggression. There is evidence to support the use of preoperative oral carbohydrate therapy and oral bowel preparation, the avoidance of intraoperative fluid excess, and the maintenance of normothermia on postoperative recovery. Other factors that can also reduce complications are epidural analgesia, avoidance of drainage and nasogastric decompression, early oral feeding, and minimally invasive surgery. There is strong evidence that the combined use of these and other measures enhances postsurgical recovery, although many of these measures are currently little used in daily practice.     

A prospective randomized study of abdominal aortic surgery without postoperative nasogastric decompression

Nasogastric decompression following abdominal aortic aneurysmectomy or bypass, for 3–4 days, is a routine part of postoperative care in many centers. A prospective randomized study of 80 patients undergoing abdominal aortic surgery was performed in order to determine the necessity of prolonged nasogastric decompression. Patients were divided evenly between removal of the nasogastric tube upon tracheal extubation and retention of the tube until the passage of flatus. Preoperative risk factors, aortic cross-clamp time, estimated blood loss, length of procedure, length of intensive care unit stay, numbers of days with nasogastric tube, number of days until clear liquid and regular diets commenced, and the length of hospital stay were recorded for all patients. There were no significant differences in any of the measured variables between the two groups. The length of hospital stay was similar in both groups and three patients in each group required a nasogastric tube or reinsertion of one. In conclusion, the routine postoperative use of nasogastric tubes for abdominal aortic procedures is unnecessary. Copyright © 1996 The International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery.     

Early versus delayed fixation of isolated closed femur fractures in an urban trauma center

The use of intramedullary rods is accepted as the gold standard for treatment of closed femur fractures. Early fixation of these fractures has been shown to be beneficial in the multiply-injured patient. This retrospective review was undertaken to examine the isolated femur fractures in an urban trauma center over a six-year period. Of the 76 patients included in the study, 42 underwent early fixation (less than 48 hours after injury) and 34 had delayed fixation (more than 48 hours after injury). There was no statistical difference in postoperative complications between the two groups. Fixation performed within 48 hours did not seem to decrease morbidity when compared to fixation performed after 48 hours. Length of stay and hospital costs were increased with delayed fixation.     

胃肠道手术中不常规留置胃肠减压管并早期进食的临床应用研究

目的 探讨胃肠道手术快速康复外科中不常规留置胃肠减压管并早期进食的安全及可行性。方法 随机选取南京军区南京总医院2006年11月至2007年12月胃肠道手术病人62例为胃肠减压组（A组）,2008年1月至2008年6月病人58例为非胃肠减压并早期恢复进食组（B组）。比较两组病例术后肛门恢复排气时间,咽喉疼痛、恶心、急性胃扩张、切口感染、肺部感染、吻合口漏等术后并发症发生率。结果 与A组相比B组肛门恢复排气时间显著提前（P＜0.05）,两组病人出现急性胃扩张、切口感染、肺部感染、吻合口漏等并发症发生率差异无统计学意义,但A组病人诉咽喉疼痛、恶心呕吐明显较B组增多（P＜0.01）。两组均有发生急性胃扩张并发症而需重置胃肠减压管并禁食病例,但差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 不常规放置胃肠减压管并早期恢复进食安全可行,有利于病人的术后康复。     

A prospective randomized trial of routine postoperative nasogastric decompression in patients with bowel anastomosis.

Until relatively recently, the nasogastric (NG) tube has been used routinely for decompression in the patient with small- or large-bowel anastomosis. To determine if routine postoperative NG decompression benefited such patients, 102 patients were randomized prospectively to either NG decompression or no-NG tube. Excluded were patients with chronic bowel obstruction, peritonitis, gross fecal contamination or spillage, and previous abdominal or pelvic irradiation. There were 52 patients in the no-NG group and 50 in the NG group. Patients in the no-NG group had earlier bowel sounds, return of flatus, oral intake and first bowel movement. Four patients (8%) in the no-NG group, compared with one patient (2%) in the NG group, required subsequent decompression. Length of hospital stay was significantly (p < 0.001) shorter in the no-NG group. There were no significant differences in the presence of atelectasis, postoperative fever, wound infections and anastomotic leaks between the two groups. The authors conclude that routine nasogastric decompression is not warranted after elective surgery involving small- or large-bowel anastomosis.     

Is early oral feeding safe after elective colorectal surgery? A prospective randomized trial.

INTRODUCTION: The routine use of a nasogastric tube after elective colorectal surgery is no longer mandatory. More recently, early feeding after laparoscopic colectomy has been shown to be safe and well tolerated. Therefore, the aim of our study was to prospectively assess the safety and tolerability of early oral feeding after elective "open" abdominal colorectal operations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients who underwent elective laparotomy with either colon or small bowel resection between November 1992 and April 1994 were prospectively randomized to one of the following two groups: group 1: early oral feeding--all patients received a clear liquid diet on the first postoperative day followed by a regular diet as tolerated; group 2: regular feeding--all patients were treated in the "traditional" way, with feeding only after the resolution of their postoperative ileus. The nasogastric tube was removed from all patients in both groups immediately after surgery. The patients were monitored for vomiting, bowel movements, nasogastric tube reinsertion, time of regular diet consumption, complications, and length of hospitalization. The nasogastric tube was reinserted if two or more episodes of vomiting of more than 100 mL occurred in the absence of bowel movement. Ileus was considered resolved after a bowel movement in the absence of abdominal distention or vomiting. RESULTS: One hundred sixty-one consecutive patients were studied, 80 patients in group 1 (34 males and 46 females, mean age 51 years [range 16-82 years]), and 81 patients in group 2 (43 males and 38 females, mean age 56 years [range 20-90 years]). Sixty-three patients (79%) in the early feeding group tolerated the early feeding schedule and were advanced to regular diet within the next 24 to 48 hours. There were no significant differences between the early and regular feeding groups in the rate of vomiting (21% vs. 14%), nasogastric tube reinsertion (11% vs. 10%), length of ileus (3.8 +/- 0.1 days vs. 4.1 +/- 0.1 days), length of hospitalization (6.2 +/- 0.2 days vs. 6.8 +/- 0.2 days), or overall complications (7.5% vs. 6.1%), respectively, (p = NS for all). However, the patients in the early feeding group tolerated a regular diet significantly earlier than did the patients in the regular feeding group (2.6 +/- 0.1 days vs. 5 +/- 0.1 days; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Early oral feeding after elective colorectal surgery is safe and can be tolerated by the majority of patients. Thus, it may become a routine feature of postoperative management in these patients.     

Efficacy of feeding tube placement during pancreaticoduodenectomy for chronic pancreatitis

Malnutrition, intestinal dysmotility, and gastroparesis are frequent problems in patients with chronic pancreatitis who undergo pancreaticoduodenectomy. This has led to the practice of operative placement of enteral feeding tubes. The purpose of this study is to examine the efficacy of feeding tubes placed during pancreaticoduodenectomy in patients with chronic pancreatitis. The records of 78 consecutive patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for chronic pancreatitis were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. Forty-nine patients who received feeding tubes at the time of operation were compared with 29 who did not have feeding tubes placed. Both groups had similar disease progress measured by duration of symptoms and preoperative nutritional status. During the observation period, there was a trend toward not using operative feeding tubes (first 6 years 84 per cent versus last 2 years 33%). The overall complication rate after pancreaticoduodenectomy was 54 per cent. Placement of a feeding tube was associated with an increase in intra-abdominal morbidity from 34 per cent to 57 per cent (P < 0.03). None of the patients had a complication directly related to placement of the feeding tube. Eighty-eight per cent of the placed feeding tubes were used. Despite feeding tube placement, 49 per cent of patients with feeding tubes required postoperative use of total parenteral nutrition compared with 55 per cent of patients without feeding tubes (P > 0.05). Length of hospital stay and hospital readmission during the first postoperative year were not affected by feeding tube placement. In conclusion, simultaneous feeding tube placement along with pancreatic head resection for chronic pancreatitis can be performed safely. The majority of the feeding tubes are used in postoperative care, but they do not prevent the need for total parenteral nutrition and do not shorten length of hospital stay.     

Benefits of early feeding and early hospital discharge in elderly patients undergoing open colon resection

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have demonstrated a reduction in hospital stay and postoperative complications in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopy-assisted colectomy, and have attributed the shorter stays and reduced morbidity to the laparoscopic approach. We questioned whether the improved outcomes in these studies were a result of the laparoscopic procedure alone or a result of early postoperative feeding and early hospital discharge. We hypothesized that early feeding in elderly patients undergoing open colorectal resection results in a short hospital stay and favorably affects postoperative morbidity. STUDY DESIGN: Patients aged 70 years and older who were undergoing elective open colon resection were placed on an early postoperative feeding protocol. The early feeding protocol consisted of clear liquids on postoperative day 2, regular diet on postoperative day 3, and discharge to home as tolerated. The main outcomes measurements included early feeding tolerance, hospital stay, postoperative morbidity, and requirement for postoperative assisted care. RESULTS: There were 87 study patients (42 men and 45 women, mean age 77 years). The most common operation was right hemicolectomy (53%). Overall 78 of 87 patients (89.6%) tolerated early feeding. Five patients (5.7%) initially tolerated a diet but required readmission for ileus. Nine patients (10.4%) did not tolerate early feeding initially. The mean hospital stay for all patients was 3.9 days. There were 15 postoperative complications in 13 patients (14.9%), the most common of which was urinary retention. There were no deaths, anastomotic leaks, abscesses, or pneumonia. Only 3 of 86 patients (3.5%) who were previously independent required assisted care after colectomy. CONCLUSIONS: In elderly patients undergoing elective open colon resection, early feeding results in a short hospital stay and low postoperative morbidity. These results are comparable to those reported for laparoscopy-assisted colectomy.     

Reducing the hospital stay after colorectal resection

INTRODUCTION: The postoperative hospital stay after colorectal resection is about 15 days in France, when some authors have published a postoperative stay of 2 to 5 days. The aim of this work was to obtain a postoperative hospital stay less than 7 days. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty-one patients who underwent a colorectal resection performed by laparotomy were included in the study: 16 right hemicolectomies, 9 left hemicolectomies, 15 sigmoidectomies and 21 anterior resections were performed. The operation was performed through a midline incision extended over the umbilicus in 13 cases, limited below the umbilicus in 22 cases and elective in 26 cases (right transverse in 16 and left iliac fossa in 10 cases). The protocol comprised epidural analgesia or wound infusion with ropivacaine, restricted intravenous fluids, early oral feeding and active mobilisation. RESULTS: The median and mean times of discharge were 6 and 7.3 days respectively; 36 patients (59%) were discharged on postoperative days 3 to 6, 8 patients (13%) on days 7 and 17 (28%) after day 7. A nasogastric tube was necessary in 2 cases (3.3%). Ten (16%) postoperative complications and 3 (5%) readmissions occurred. There were no deaths. CONCLUSION: Although the postoperative stay cannot be reduced in all the cases, a median hospital stay inferior to which is currently observed can easily be obtained by applying some simple and inexpensive means. This is advantageous for the patient, whose recovery is faster, and contributes to reduce the cost, which is of crucial importance today.     

Randomized clinical trial of the impact of early enteral feeding on postoperative ileus and recovery

BACKGROUND: Postoperative convalescence is mainly determined by the extent and duration of postoperative ileus. This randomized clinical trial evaluated the effects of early oral feeding on functional gastrointestinal recovery and quality of life. METHODS: One hundred and twenty-eight patients undergoing elective open colorectal or abdominal vascular surgery participated in the trial. Of these, 67 were randomized to a conventional return to diet, and 61 to a regimen allowing resumption of an oral diet as soon as tolerated (free diet group). RESULTS: Reinsertion of a nasogastric tube was necessary in 20 per cent of the free diet group and 10 per cent of the conventional group (P = 0.213). The complication rate was similar for both groups, as was return of gastrointestinal function. A normal diet was tolerated after a median of 2 days in the free diet group compared with 5 days in the conventional group (P < 0.001). Quality of life scores were similar in both groups. CONCLUSION: Early resumption of oral intake does not diminish the duration of postoperative ileus or lead to a significantly increased rate of nasogastric tube reinsertion. Tolerance of oral diet is not influenced by gastrointestinal functional recovery. As there is no reason to withhold oral intake following open colorectal or abdominal vascular surgery, postoperative management should include early resumption of diet.     

微创食管癌术后不留置胃肠减压管的安全性和可行性研究

目的：探讨微创食管癌根治术后不常规留置胃肠减压管的安全性和可行性。方法回顾性分析安徽医科大学第一附属医院普胸外科同一治疗组医师自2012年1月至2013年5月期间完成的90例胸腹腔镜联合食管癌根治术患者的临床资料,其中留置和未留置胃管患者各45例。对比两组患者的术后排气时间、恢复流质饮食时间、术后住院时间、胃管重置情况及术后并发症情况。结果与留置胃管组相比,未留置胃管组患者咽痛的发生率明显降低[44．4％（20/45）比100％（45/45）,P＜0．01],恢复流质饮食时间（中位2 d比9 d）、术后排气时间（中位3 d比6 d）及术后住院时间（中位7 d比12 d）均明显缩短（均P＜0．01）;而两组术后呕吐情况、并发症发生率及围手术期死亡率的差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0．05）。结论微创食管癌术后不常规留置胃肠减压管是安全的,可加快术后肠功能恢复,缩短术后住院时间。     

Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the treatment of acute cholecystitis

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to demonstrate the importance of early laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. METHODS: From 1998 to 2000, 66 patients were submitted to laparoscopic cholecystectomy. All patients were submitted to US scans preoperatively and operated on by surgeon skilled in emergency laparoscopic operative technique. RESULTS: Only one patient (1.5%) had conversion to open cholecystectomy. There was no mortality and no bile duct or major vascular injuries. The overall operative morbidity rate was 3%. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 3.1 days. CONCLUSIONS: Author's experience and results support the validity of early laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the treatment of acute cholecystitis, since it reduces the postoperative length of hospital stay and hospital costs. Early treatment is always helpful for inflamed and oedematous tissue which favours dissection.     

Is Nasogastric or Nasojejunal Decompression Necessary after Gastrectomy? A Prospective Randomized Trial

BACKGROUND: Nasogastric decompression has been routinely used in most major abdominal operations to prevent the consequences of postoperative ileus. The aim of the present study was to assess the necessity for routine prophylactic nasogastric or nasojejunal decompression after gastrectomy. METHODS: A prospective randomized trial included 84 patients undergoing elective partial or total gastrectomy. The patients were randomized to a group with a postoperative nasogastric or nasojejunal tube (Tube Group, n = 43) or to a group without a tube (No-tube Group, n = 41). Gastrointestinal function, postoperative course, and complications were assessed. RESULTS: No significant differences in postoperative mortality or morbidity, especially fistula or intra-abdominal sepsis, were observed between the groups. Passage of flatus (P < 0.01) and start of oral intake (P < 0.01) were significantly delayed in the Tube Group. Duration of postoperative perfusion (P = 0.02) and length of hospital stay (P = 0.03) were also significantly longer in the Tube Group. Rates of nausea and vomiting were similar in the two groups. Moderate to severe discomfort caused by the tube was observed in 72% of patients in the Tube Group. Insertion of a nasogastric or nasojejunal tube was necessary in 5 patients in the No-tube Group (12%). CONCLUSIONS: Routine prophylactic postoperative nasogastric decompression is unnecessary after elective gastrectomy.