CD144+ endothelial microparticles as a marker of endothelial injury in neonatal ABO blood group incompatibility

Background

ABO antigens are expressed on the surfaces of red blood cells and the vascular endothelium. We studied circulating endothelial microparticles (EMP) in ABO haemolytic disease of the newborn (ABO HDN) as a marker of endothelial activation to test a hypothesis of possible endothelial injury in neonates with ABO HDN, and its relation with the occurrence and severity of haemolysis.

Material and methods

Forty-five neonates with ABO HDN were compared with 20 neonates with Rhesus incompatibility (Rh HDN; haemolytic controls) and 20 healthy neonates with matched mother and infant blood groups (healthy controls). Laboratory investigations were done for markers of haemolysis and von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF Ag). EMP (CD144⁺) levels were measured before and after therapy (exchange transfusion and/or phototherapy).

Results

vWF Ag and pre-therapy EMP levels were higher in infants with ABO HDN or Rh HDN than in healthy controls, and were significantly higher in babies with ABO HDN than in those with Rh HDN (p<0.05). In ABO HDN, pre-therapy EMP levels were higher in patients with severe hyperbilirubinaemia than in those with mild and moderate disease or those with Rh HDN (p<0.001). Post-therapy EMP levels were lower than pre-therapy levels in both the ABO HDN and Rh HDN groups; however, the decline in EMP levels was particularly evident after exchange transfusion in ABO neonates with severe hyperbilirubinaemia (p<0.001). Multiple regression analysis revealed that the concentrations of haemoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase and indirect bilirubin were independently correlated with pre-therapy EMP levels in ABO HDN.

Discussion

Elevated EMP levels in ABO HDN may reflect an IgG-mediated endothelial injury parallel to the IgG-mediated erythrocyte destruction and could serve as a surrogate marker of vascular dysfunction and disease severity in neonates with this condition.     

ABO blood group system, age, sex, risk factors and cardiac infarction

In a retrospective study in 3100 patients of different ages the relationship between blood group and cardiac infarction was investigated in 450 patients. The patients were divided in two age groups: those who were 65 yr old and older and younger patients (age less than 65 yr). The predominance of blood group A in patients with cardiac infarction was highly significant in both age groups (P less than 0.005, two-tailed Chi-square test). Step-wise excluding all patients with at least one of the risk factors, hypertension, hyperuricemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and hyperlipemia similar results were found: the predominance of blood group A in the elderly patients with cardiac infarction was even higher than before excluding the risk factors (P less than 0.001). The predominance of blood group A was also demonstrated at a lower level in younger patients with cardiac infarction (P less than 0.05). Our investigation strongly suggests the existence of a genetic factor associated with blood group A and independent of the other risk factors which is also responsible for a greater incidence of cardiac infarction.     

意外抗体对ABO血型鉴定的干扰

目的：分析意外抗体在ABO血型鉴定中的干扰作用,为ABO疑难血型鉴定提供思路和对策。方法：对全自动血型仪检测的ABO血型正反定不合的样本结合盐水试管法、抗体筛查及鉴定结果以及病史资料综合分析。结果：26例引起正反定不合的抗体中IgM18例,IgG8例,分别是抗-M10例、抗-Lea2例、抗-N1例、抗-P12例、抗-JKa1例、抗-D2例、抗-E2例、抗-C1例、抗-c1例、抗-Fya1例、自身抗体3例。结论：IgM和IgG两类意外抗体均能引起ABO血型正反定不合,反定细胞应该选用常见意外抗体对应抗原表位缺失的红细胞。     

反复自然流产与ABO血型相关性探讨

目的探讨反复自然流产与ABO血型之间的相关性。方法选择680对反复自然流产患者(夫妇二人)为实验组,210对顺娩健康活婴者(夫妇二人)为对照组,实验组和对照组均按夫妇ABO血型是否相容分为ABO血型相容和ABO血型不相容两类,并进行统计学分析。结果实验组中夫妇ABO血型相容有264对,占38.8%,ABO血型不相容有416对,占61.2%;对照组中夫妇ABO血型相容有102对,占48.6%,ABO血型不相容有108对,占51.4%。两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论夫妇ABO血型不相容与反复自然流产密切相关。     

骨髓增生异常综合征ABO血型鉴定观察

目的:研究46例骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)病程中ABO血型检定及抗体的变化。方法:采用血型血清学试验检测ABO血型抗原强度变化。结果:血型抗原减弱或丢失者占17例(37.0%),A抗原最容易减弱或丢失,ABO抗体也可以减弱。结论:吸收放散试验、血型物质检测及家系调查可以防止误定ABO血型。     

The prognostic value of ABO blood group in cancer patients

The antigens of the ABO system are expressed on red blood cell membranes as well as on the surface of several other normal and pathological cells and tissues. Following the first clinical observations more than 60 years ago, the role of ABO blood group in cancer biology has been intensely studied by several investigators, and it is now widely recognised that ABO antigens are associated with the risk of developing several types of tumours, namely pancreatic and gastric cancers. However, whether this association also affects the clinical outcome of cancer patients is less certain. In this narrative review, based on literature data, we discuss the role of ABO blood types as prognostic biomarkers in different types of cancers. The current knowledge of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of the association is also analysed.     

Correlation of ABO blood group with clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

The aim of the current study was to determine the nvolvement of ABO blood group in clinicopathologic features in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the esophagus, that has not previously been studied fully. Two hundred and eighty four consecutive patients with esophageal SCC were enrolled for the study. The relationship between patients' ABO blood group and the clinicopathologic features was analyzed. The proportion of poorly differentiated SCC among patients with blood group O was significantly lower than in those patients with other blood types (P = 0.001). The mean size of the tumors in patients with blood group AB was significantly larger than those in patients with other blood groups. The proportion of tumors associated with venous invasion was significantly higher in patients with blood type A than those of tumors in other blood types (P = 0.007). The TNM stages of tumors in blood group AB were found to be significantly more advanced (P = 0.036) than other groups. The functional significance of ABO blood group distribution might be associated with biological behavior of SCCs. However, it was found not to be a clinical predictor for the prognosis of the patients with esophageal SCC.     

ABO基因检测在预测胎儿血型中的应用

目的：探讨利用ABO基因分型方法来预测胎儿血型的可行性。方法：收集O型孕妇25例,提取孕妇外周血血浆中胎儿游离DNA,PCR-SSP法检测SRY基因,利用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性分型（PCR-RFLP）检测胎儿ABO血型基因型。结果：在25例样本中,23例实验成功,2份样本扩增失败,22例与胎儿出生后的血型一致,1例不一致。结论：应用基因检测方法来预测胎儿ABO血型,准确性高,安全性好,值得临床推广应用。     

ABO疑难血型3步分析法实践应用

目的：评价、推广ABO疑难血型3步分析法在正反定型不一致导致疑难血型鉴定中的应用。方法：对167例因正反定型不一致导致疑难血型鉴定的样本,应用ABO疑难血型3步分析法进行分析、鉴定、评价应用效果。结果：32例属于人为原因操作不规范导致正反定型结果不一致,135例疑难血型鉴定分析原因主要为：生理因素、自身抗体、不规则抗体、血浆蛋白异常、血液病等影响因素。按照不同的确诊试验分别进行鉴定分析判断。结论：ABO疑难血型3步分析法规范了实验室疑难血型鉴定步骤,缩短了试验时间,准确率高,为挽救临床受血者的生命赢得了宝贵的时间,值得向临床推广应用。     

Significant association between ABO blood group and pancreatic cancer

AIM:To evaluate whether the ABO blood group is related to pancreatic cancer risk in the general population of the United States.METHODS:Using the University of Pittsburgh's clinicalpancreatic cancer registry,the blood donor database from our local blood bank (Central Blood Bank),and the blood product recipient database from the regional transfusion service (Centralized Transfusion Service) in Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania,we identified 274 pancreatic cancer patients with previously determined serological ABO bloo...     

Expression of adhesion molecules in endothelial cells during allogeneic bone marrow transplantation

Abstract: Endothelial cell activation during allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, mainly in acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD) was studied in 23 recipients and 5 controls using anti-von Willebrand factor (vWF) antibody, antibodies to endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (ELAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and anti-HLA-DQ antibody, by immunohistological staining of skin. vWF extravasation, ELAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression were present in most recipients with a cutaneous rash which was confirmed as an aGvHD by histological examination (documented aGvHD) (p = 0.005 for vWF extravasation and ELAM-1 expression and p = 0.03 for VCAM-1 expression in comparison with the controls). In recipients with a rash, the cases displaying vWF extravasation and ELAM-1 expression were significantly more numerous in those with a documented aGvHD than in those without histological features of aGvHD (p = 0.01). vWF extravasation and ELAM-1 occurred concomitantly (p<0.01). This study demonstrates that, during the course of skin aGvHD following bone marrow transplantation, there is transient expression of ELAM-1 and VCAM-1 by endothelial cells and simultaneous vWF extravasation, indicating an intense inflammation with endothelial cell participation.     

消化性溃疡与ABO血型、Lewis表型分布及幽门螺杆菌感染的相关性研究

目的探讨消化性溃疡（PU）与ABO血型、Lewis表型的分布及幽门螺杆菌（H．pylori）感染的关系。方法70例消化性溃疡患者为研究组,96例健康志愿者为对照组,比较ABO血型、Lewis表型分布和H．pylori感染的差异。结果PU组O型血者占52．9％,明显高于O型血在正常人群中的分布（31．3％,P〈0．05）;在非O型血患者中Lewis表型为Le（a＋b＋）者占51．5％,明显高于Le（a＋b＋）表型在对照组非O型血中的频率（9．1％,P〈0．001）。PU组不同ABO血型者H．pylori感染率比较无统计学差异（P〉0．05）;PU组Le（a-b＋）表型者H．pylori感染率为67．6％,明显高于其他Lewis表型（P〈0．05）。结论ABO血型中O型血者易患消化性溃疡,且非O型血Lewis表型为Le（a＋b＋）者也是消化性溃疡的高危人群。ABO血型间H．pylofi感染比较无显著性差异,Le（a-b＋）表型可能是H．pylori感染的一个危险因素。     

影响十二指肠球部溃疡发病的ABO血型因素分析

目的　从胃酸及幽门螺杆菌 (H·pylori)感染角度探讨ABO血型影响十二指肠球部溃疡 (DU)发病的因素。方法　取 1995～ 2 0 0 3年 80例DU患者入选为DU组并比较其与北京地区 10 6 1位健康对照者血型分布的差别。比较DU组不同血型发病年龄。利用快速尿素酶实验、病理学及13 C呼吸实验确定DU组不同血型者H·pylori感染率并进行比较 ;利用 2 4h胃pH监测比较DU组不同血型者一天中不同时项胃pH分布。结果　DU组O型血者占 5 6 3% ,明显高于O型血在正常人群中的分布 2 8 7% (χ2 =2 6 6 9,P <0 0 0 5 )。不同血型者DU平均发病年龄差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。DU组不同血型者H·pylori感染率无统计学差别 (P >0 0 5 ) ;且一天中直立位 (主要指白天空腹时 )、卧位 (主要指夜间 )、进餐期及餐后期各时段胃内平均pH值及胃内pH值在 0～ 1,0～ 2 ,0～ 3,0～ 4……的累计时间百分比无统计学差别 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　O型血者易患DU不是通过影响H·pylori感染率或胃酸分泌来起作用的。O型血可能是DU发病的另一独立危险因素。O血型DU发病年龄不早于其他血型。其致病机制仍有待进一步研究。     

Effect of ABO blood group on the collagen-binding assay for von Willebrand factor

von Willebrand disease (VWD) is the most common congenital bleeding disorder and is caused by a quantitative or qualitative abnormality of von Willebrand factor (VWF). Ristocetin cofactor (RCoF) assay is used to evaluate VWF activity, but it does not assess collagen-binding activity. Normal values of RCoF and VWF antigen vary with ABO blood group type. The collagen-binding assay (CBA) measures VWF activity; however, its relationship with ABO blood group has not been completely explored. We performed CBA on plasma samples from 131 healthy volunteers to determine if CBA values correlated with blood type. Individuals with blood group O had a mean CBA value of 94 +/- 28%, which was significantly different from the mean of 117 +/- 33% in persons with non-O blood groups (P = 0.0001). Thus, CBA values appear to correlate with ABO blood type in a manner similar to RCoF.     

Levels of soluble endothelium-derived adhesion molecules in patients with sickle cell disease are associated with pulmonary hypertension, organ dysfunction, and mortality

Endothelial cell adhesion molecules orchestrate the recruitment and binding of inflammatory cells to vascular endothelium. With endothelial dysfunction and vascular injury, the levels of endothelial bound and soluble adhesion molecules increase. Such expression is modulated by nitric oxide (NO), and in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), these levels are inversely associated with measures of NO bioavailability. To further evaluate the role of endothelial dysfunction in a population study of SCD, we have measured the levels of soluble endothelium-derived adhesion molecules in the plasma specimens of 160 adult patients with SCD during steady state. Consistent with a link between endothelial dysfunction and end-organ disease, we found that higher levels of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) were associated with markers indicating renal dysfunction and hepatic impairment. Analysis of soluble intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), sE-selectin and sP-selectin levels indicated partially overlapping associations with sVCAM-1, with an additional association with inflammatory stress and triglyceride levels. Importantly, increased soluble adhesion molecule expression correlated with severity of pulmonary hypertension, a clinical manifestation of endothelial dysfunction. Soluble VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and E-selectin were independently associated with the risk of mortality in this cohort. Our data are consistent with steady state levels of soluble adhesion molecules as markers of pulmonary hypertension and risk of death.     

ABO blood group and COVID-19: an updated systematic literature review and meta-analysis

BackgroundFollowing the first reports in the literature, the association between the ABO blood group and SARS-CoV-2 infection has been investigated by a number of studies, although with varying results. The main object of this systematic review was to assess the relationship between the ABO blood group and the occurrence and severity of COVID-19.Materials and methodsA systematic literature search using appropriate MeSH terms was performed through Medline and PubMed. The outcomes considered were the prevalence of the blood group O vs non-O types in SARS-CoV-2 infected and non-infected subjects, and the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection according to ABO group. The methodological quality of the studies included in the analysis was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and the overall quality of the available evidence using the GRADE system. Benchmarks used to evaluate the effect size were odd ratios (ORs) for case control studies and risk ratios (RRs) for cohort studies.ResultsTwenty-one studies were included in the analysis. Overall, individuals with group O had a lower infection rate compared to individuals of non-O group (OR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.75, 0.86). However, the difference in the effect size was significantly lower in cohort studies compared to case control studies. No evidence was found indicating an effect of the O type on the disease severity in the infected patients.DiscussionWe have found low/very low evidence that group O individuals are less susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to those in the non-O group. No evidence was found indicating an effect of the O type on disease severity in SARS-CoV-2 infection.     

Relationship between the ABO blood group and COVID-19 susceptibility,severity and mortality in two cohorts of patients

BackgroundSeveral articles reported the existence of an association between ABO blood groups and COVID-19 susceptibility. Group A and group O individuals showed a higher and lower risk, respectively, of becoming infected. No association was observed between ABO groups and mortality. To verify this association, we performed a retrospective study of two cohorts of patients with different demographic and clinical characteristics.Material and methodsA total of 854 regular blood donors were recruited for convalescent plasma donation after recovering from a mild COVID-19 infection, and a group of 965 patients more severely affected who were transfused during hospitalisation were also included. We also investigated the potential role of the different risk factors on patient outcome and death. To eliminate the confounding effect of risk factors on mortality, a propensity score analysis was performed.ResultsBlood group A and blood group O COVID-19 blood donors showed a higher and lower risk, respectively, for acquiring COVID-19. In contrast, this association was not found in the group of patients transfused during hospitalisation, probably due to the great differences in demographic and clinical characteristics between the two groups. Regarding severity, age was one of the most significant risk factors. ABO blood groups were also seen to represent important risk factors for COVID-19 severity and mortality. Mortality risk in group A individuals was significantly higher than in group O individuals (OR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.22–2.51).DiscussionThe association between the ABO blood groups and the susceptibility to acquire COVID-19 infection was confirmed in the group of blood donors. ABO blood groups were also associated to COVID-19 severity and mortality in the group of patients transfused during hospitalisation. Therefore, blood groups A and O are two important factors to be considered when evaluating the prognosis of patients with COVID-19.     

Susceptibility of ABO blood group to COVID-19 infections: clinico-hematological,radiological, and complications analysis

In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, research indicates that the COVID-19 disease susceptibility varies among individuals depending on their ABO blood groups. Researchers globally commenced investigating potential methods to stratify cases according to prognosis depending on several clinical parameters. Since there is evidence of a link between ABO blood groups and disease susceptibility, it could be argued that there is a link between blood groups and disease manifestation and progression. The current study investigates whether clinical manifestation, laboratory, and imaging findings vary among ABO blood groups of hospitalized confirmed COVID-19 patients.This retrospective cohort study was conducted between March 1, 2020 and March 31, 2021 in King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre Riyadh and Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Demographic information, clinical information, laboratory findings, and imaging investigations were extracted from the data warehouse for all confirmed COVID-19 patients.A total of 285 admitted patients were included in the study. Of these, 81 (28.4%) were blood group A, 43 (15.1%) were blood group B, 11 (3.9%) were blood group AB, and 150 (52.6%) were blood group O. This was almost consistent with the distribution of blood groups among the Saudi Arabia community. The majority of the study participants (79.6% [n = 227]) were asymptomatic. The upper respiratory tract infection (P = .014) and shortness of breath showed statistically significant differences between the ABO blood group (P = .009). Moreover, the incidence of the symptoms was highly observed in blood group O followed by A then B except for pharyngeal exudate observed in blood group A. The one-way ANOVA test indicated that among the studied hematological parameters, glucose (P = .004), absolute lymphocyte count (P = .001), and IgA (P = .036) showed statistically significant differences between the means of the ABO blood group. The differences in both X-ray and computed tomography scan findings were statistically nonsignificant among the ABO age group. Only 86 (30.3%) patients were admitted to an intensive care unit, and the majority of them were blood groups O 28.7% (n = 43) and A 37.0% (n = 30). However, the differences in complications’ outcomes were statistically nonsignificant among the ABO age group.ABO blood groups among hospitalized COVID-19 patients are not associated with clinical, hematological, radiological, and complications abnormality.     

霉酚酸酯抑制内皮细胞表面粘附分子的表达

目的 :观察霉酚酸酯 (MMF)对炎症因子刺激下内皮细胞表面粘附分子ICAM 1表达的影响。　 方法 :以TNFα(2 0 μg/L)刺激内皮细胞 ,细胞表面的ICAM 1蛋白表达以流式细胞术检测 ,内皮细胞ICAM 1mRNA表达采用逆转录 半定量PCR法进行测定。　 结果 :TNFα(2 0 μg/L)刺激内皮细胞 2 4h ,内皮细胞表面的粘附分子ICAM 1的蛋白和mRNA表达明显上升。MMF可以抑制内皮细胞的ICAM 1蛋白和mRNA的表达 ,这一抑制作用随着MMF剂量的增加而增强。　 结论 :MMF可以抑制内皮细胞粘附分子ICAM 1的表达