酸蚀处理对新型自粘接树脂水门汀Clearfil SA Luting粘接性能影响的研究

目的：评价酸蚀处理对自粘结树脂水门汀Clearfil SA Luting与牙釉质和牙本质粘结强度的影响。方法：选取新鲜拔除的无龋坏人第三磨牙36个,制备近、远中牙釉质粘结面和颊侧牙本质粘结面,随机分为3组（n=12）,分别选用Clearfil SA Luting（SAC）、磷酸酸蚀配合Clearfil SA Luting进行粘结,测试两种处理方式对SAC与牙釉质、牙本质粘结强度的影响,同时与对照组Panavia F（PF）的粘接结果进行对照,并通过扫描电镜观察粘结界面。结果：牙釉质粘结强度测试结果显示,磷酸酸蚀配合SAC组（39.64±6.24）MPa显著高于未酸蚀组SAC（27.25±7.03）MPa组与对照组PF（22.92±7.13）MPa（P〈0.05）,但SAC未酸蚀组（27.25±7.03）MPa与对照组PF（22.92±7.13）MPa间无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。牙本质粘结强度测试结果显示,SAC未酸蚀组（10.09±3.26）MPa与PF对照组（14.23±6.39）MPa之间无显著性差异（P〉0.05）,但均显著高于SAC配合磷酸酸蚀组（1.13±1.12）MPa（P〈0.05）。结论：酸蚀处理可以显著提高自粘结树脂水门汀SAC与牙釉质粘结强度,但却降低了其与牙本质粘结效果。     

酸蚀处理对新型自粘结树脂水门汀粘结强度的影响

目的:评价酸蚀处理对新型自粘结树脂水门汀Unicem与牙本质和牙釉质之间粘结强度的影响。方法:选取新鲜拔除的无龋坏人第三磨牙36个,制备颊侧牙本质粘结面和近、远中牙釉质粘结面,随机分为3组,每组12个牙,分别选用Unicem、磷酸酸蚀配合Unicem和Panavia F(对照组)进行粘结处理,分别测试牙本质、牙釉质粘结强度,并通过扫描电镜观察粘结界面。结果:在牙本质粘结强度上,Unicem组(12.84±2.29 MPa)与Panavia F组(14.93±3.73 MPa)之间无显著性差异(P>0.05),但均显著高于磷酸酸蚀配合Unicem组(9.12±1.54 MPa)(P<0.05);牙釉质粘结强度上,磷酸酸蚀配合Unicem组(17.24±7.62 MPa)和Panavia F组(17.99±3.66 MPa)无显著性差异(P>0.05),但均显著高于Unicem组(6.47±1.54MPa)(P<0.05)。结论:酸蚀处理可以显著提高自粘结树脂水门汀Unicem牙釉质粘结强度,却降低了牙本质粘结效果。     

自酸蚀树脂水门汀ResiCem牙本质粘结强度的评价

目的 评价自酸蚀树脂水门汀ResiCem的牙本质粘结强度并探讨酸蚀对其粘结强度的影响。方法 选择离体无龋第三恒磨牙15颗。沿垂直于牙体长轴方向将磨牙冠中1/3处切开,将牙本质面分别用自酸蚀树脂水门汀Panavia F和Resi-Cem原位对位粘结。其中ResiCem组牙本质面分别用磷酸酸蚀0、5、10、15 s。用低速切片机把样本切割成约1 mm×1 mm×8mm条块后进行微拉伸测试,并通过扫描电镜观察粘结界面。结果 ResiCem的牙本质微拉伸粘结强度[(16.9±5.3)MPa]与Panavia F[(17.0±5.2)MPa]间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。磷酸酸蚀显著地降低ResiCem与牙本质间的粘结强度(P<0.05),并随着酸蚀时间的延长而降低。结论 ResiCem的牙本质微拉伸粘结强度与Panavia F相当,但酸蚀会降低ResiCem的牙本质粘结强度。     

四种树脂水门汀黏结牙本质剪切强度的比较

目的:评价4种树脂水门汀与牙本质黏结剪切强度。方法:新鲜拔除的无龋损人第三磨牙48个,随机分为4组(n=12),制备颊侧牙本质黏结面,分别与4种树脂水门汀(Unicem、Panavia F、VariolinkⅡ、Vitique)黏结处理,测试剪切强度,SEM观察牙本质黏结界面。结果:4种树脂水门汀中RelyX Unicem(12.84±2.29)MPa与Panavia F(14.93±3.73)MPa、Vitique(11.03±2.57)MPa之间无显著性差异(P>0.05),而他们均显著高于VariolinkⅡ(5.43±1.25)MPa(P<0.05)。结论:新型自黏结树脂水门汀RelyX Unicem可以取得与牙本质良好的黏结效果,且美观,易于使用,节省操作时间,为黏结修复体提供了一种新的选择。     

Effect of fluoridated carbamide peroxide gels on enamel microtensile bond strength

The aim of this study was to examine the resin bond strength on enamel treated with different fluoridated bleaching agents. Forty-eight bovine incisors were divided into four groups to receive bleaching treatments, over a 14-d period, as follows: no treatment; 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) bleaching; 10% CP containing 0.11% fluoride; and 10% CP containing 0.37% fluoride. Immediately, and 7 and 14 d after bleaching, the enamel surfaces were respectively bonded with composite and sectioned to create resin–enamel beams. These beams were subjected to the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) test, then assessed for failure mode under scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the 0.37% fluoridated group demonstrated a μTBS equivalent to that of the unbleached group at all stages. Non-fluoridated and 0.11% fluoridated groups showed a weaker μTBS after bleaching but regained the bond strength after 14 or 7 d of storage, respectively. In the non-fluoridated group, adhesive failure was the predominant fracture pattern that comprised the enamel prism demineralization change and widely dispersed voids on the resin–enamel interfaces. No evident enamel erosion and fewer microporosities were found in the 0.37% fluoridated group. Accordingly, treatment with 0.37% fluoridated CP maintained the μTBS as effectively as the unbleached enamel. Additional fluoride in the bleaching agents may facilitate subsequent restorative treatment by inhibiting enamel demineralization.     

修复方式及粘接剂类型对牙本质粘接微拉伸强度的影响

目的 :研究不同修复方式及粘接剂类型对牙本质粘接微拉伸强度的影响。方法 :18个离体牙按牙体预备方法分为窝沟预备及冠部平切两组 ,每组分别使用One StepPlus、Primer&BondNT和SingleBond三种粘接剂进行牙本质粘接 ,最后均用AELITETMLS复合树脂修复牙体外形。样本包埋切割成块后 ,测试牙本质微拉伸强度。结果 :使用One StepPlus和SingleBond粘接剂时 ,冠部平切组微拉伸强度高于窝洞预备组 ,差异具有统计学意义 ;无论何种修复方式 ,One StepPlus和SingleBond的微拉伸强度均高于Primer&BondNT。 结论 :不同修复方式和粘接剂类型对牙本质粘接微拉伸强度存在影响     

测试微拉伸粘接强度的影响因素

微拉伸作为釉质和牙本质粘接剂粘接强度测试的主要方法已被广泛应用,其测试强度与粘接剂的临床应用效果有潜在的相关性。通过微拉伸粘接强度的测试可以了解粘接剂的粘接性能,指导临床应用。牙齿的来源、部位、储存媒介,以及样本粘接面积的大小、样本的几何形态、样本切割速度等因素均会影响微拉伸测试结果。本文就微拉伸样本制备前、制备过程中以及测试结果评价中所产生的影响因素等作一综述。     

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目的评价不同表面处理方法对激光预备牙本质形态学变化和黏结强度的影响。方法2013年5月至7月在中国医科大学附属口腔医院收集20～40岁新鲜拔除的活髓第三磨牙20颗及根尖发育完全的前磨牙8颗,铒、铬：钇钪镓石榴石（Er,Cr：YSGG）激光处理暴露的牙争面牙本质,然后按照不处理、37％磷酸酸蚀、自酸蚀及0．5mol／LEDTA调节各自分为4组,使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察前磨牙牙本质处理面形态;第三磨牙使用Adper easy bond或Single bond 2黏结,Z350树脂逐层堆积树脂冠后,制作哑铃型试件进行微拉伸黏结强度测试,采用单因素方差分析进行组间差异比较。结果SEM观察发现：前磨牙激光预备后不处理组（对照组）牙面不规则,无玷污层,牙本质小管开放;磷酸酸蚀组牙本质表面最规则,自酸蚀组和EDTA处理组处理后表面变化不如磷酸酸蚀组明显。微拉仲黏结强度测试结果显示,第三磨牙分组后的3种处理方式牙本质黏结强度均显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）,磷酸酸蚀组黏结强度最强（P〈0．05）,而自酸蚀组及EDTA处理组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论37％磷酸酸蚀、自酸蚀及0．5mol／LEDTA调节3种处理均可提高激光预备的牙本质黏结强度,37％磷酸酸蚀组获得最佳短期黏结效果。     

Influence of different drying methods on microtensile bond strength of self-adhesive resin cements to dentin

Objective. This study investigated the effect of different drying methods of dentin surface on the bonding efficacy of self-adhesive resin cements (SRCs). Materials and methods. Three SRCs (RelyX U200, RU; Maxcem Elite, ME; and BisCem, BC) and one resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RelyX Luting 2, RL) were used. The characteristics of the materials were evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis and surface roughness and contact angle measurements. Human dentin surfaces were finished with 600-grit silicon carbide paper and assigned to three groups according to these drying methods: ethanol dehydration, drying by waiting for 10 s after blot-drying and blot-drying. The four cements were used for luting composite overlays to the dried dentin. After 24 h storage at 37°C and 100% relative humidity, stick-shaped specimens with a cross-sectional area of 0.8 mm² were prepared and stressed to failure in tension at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min (n = 27). Failure modes of fractured specimens were assessed by optical and scanning electron microscopy. Results. RL was the most hydrophilic, followed by BC and ME and then RU. All the luting cements luted to ethanol-dehydrated dentin showed zero bond strengths. For the three SRCs, drying by waiting produced higher microtensile bond strengths than blot-drying. RU showed the best bonding performance in the above two dentin conditions. RL showed significantly higher bond strength in blot-drying condition than in drying-by-waiting (p < 0.001). Conclusions. This study suggests that dentin surface moisture has a crucial effect on the bond strength of SRCs.     

三种粘接剂粘接不同牙本质的微拉伸粘接强度比较

目的采用微拉伸粘接强度实验测定3种牙本质粘接剂粘接楔状缺损处硬化牙本质的粘接强度。方法选择有典型楔状缺损并因牙周病拔除的上颌前磨牙30颗作为实验组，正常上颌前磨牙30颗作为对照组，使用粘接剂A（全酸蚀粘接剂Scotchbond Multi—Purpose）、B（一步法自酸蚀粘接剂Adper Prompt L-Pop）和C（两步法自酸蚀粘接剂Contax）处理硬化牙本质和正常牙本质表面，相应树脂修复。测试两组试件的微拉伸粘接强度。结果粘接剂A、B、C粘接硬化牙本质的微拉伸粘接强度分别为46．805MPa、39．045MPa、29．852MPa。粘接剂A和C与硬化牙本质的微拉伸粘接强度低于正常牙本质，而粘接剂B与之相反，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论牙颈部楔状缺损处硬化牙本质由于结构上的特殊性可造成粘接困难。酸性强有利于粘接剂与硬化牙本质的粘接。     

Effects of regional enamel and prism orientations on bovine enamel bond strength and cohesive strength

This study investigated the regional microtensile bond strength (MTBS) and cohesive strength of bovine enamel. The crowns of bovine incisors were sectioned, either horizontally along incisal and cervical thirds to produce horizontal and tangential segments, or longitudinally along the midline to produce longitudinal segments. Half of the horizontal and longitudinal segments were prepared using a 45° bevel. Then, the differently sectioned enamel surfaces were treated with one‐ or two‐step self‐etch adhesives (Clearfil SE Bond or Clearfil S3 Bond) and a composite resin (Clearfil Majesty) was placed. Resin‐bonded enamel samples were cut into beams for use in the MTBS tests. Labial horizontal and longitudinal segments of pure enamel beams were prepared for cohesive strength tests. Enamel microstructures were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Three‐way anova followed by Tukey's post‐hoc HSD multiple comparisons procedure showed that a 45° bevel cut did not statistically significantly improve enamel MTBS, which varied with the different regions. The longitudinally sectioned resin‐bonded enamel samples had the lowest MTBS, and the horizontal enamel cohesive strength was weaker than that of the longitudinal enamel. The scanning electron microscopy fractographs indicated that rows of parallel prisms were detached from the fractured surfaces. In conclusion, the regional enamel MTBS and the cohesive strength are strongly related to the enamel microstructures and prism orientations.     

Resin bonding to enamel and dentin with one–component UDMA/HEMA adhesives

The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of UDMA/HEMA mixtures as priming and sealing components of dental adhesives. The monomers were mixed in weight ratios 100/0, 80/20, 60740, 50/50, 40/60, 20/80, 10/90, and 0/100, light activated, and dissolved in acetone at equal parts. The 60/40 UDMA/HEMA mixture served as a reference which was modified with 5, 10, 20, and 30 parts 4-MET relative to the mass of the basic monomer mixture. Shear bond strengths (24 h) of resin composite cylinders, bonded with the adhesive monomers on human enamel and dentin, were determined following a total etch technique with phosphoric acid and application of the adhesives in 2 coats on moist tooth surfaces. Average bond strength to enamel was 32 MPa with no difference between the adhesives. On dentin, significantly different bond strengths were found between UDMA (12.9 MPA) and HEMA (19.4 MPa), whereas all binary mixtures bond strengths were not significantly different (mean 16.2 MPa). Addition of 5 to 20 wt% 4-MET resulted in a significantly increased mean shear bond strength of 22.3 MPa on dentin. At 10%, a maximum mean strength of 25.4 MPa was recorded. It is concluded that mixtures of commonly used polymerizable monomers, characterized by hydrophilic moieties and dissolved in acetone, are promising candidates for effective resin bonding to enamel and dentin, provided application by the moist bonding technique.     

根管冲洗液对根管壁黏结强度影响的研究进展

完善的根管治疗是桩核冠修复的基础,根管冲洗是其中不可缺少的步骤.但常规使用的一些根管冲洗液可能对后期修复过程中黏结材料与根管壁间的黏结强度产生影响.本文就此类研究的进展情况作一综述.     

An effect of immediate dentin sealing on the shear bond strength of resin cement to porcelain restoration

PURPOSE

The aim of this study was to determine differences in shear bond strength to human dentin using immediate dentin sealing (IDS) technique compared to delayed dentin sealing (DDS).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Forty extracted human molars were divided into 4 groups with 10 teeth each. The control group was light-cured after application of dentin bonding agent (Excite® DSC) and cemented with Variolink® II resin cement. IDS/SE (immediate dentin sealing, Clearfil™ SE Bond) and IDS/SB (immediate dentin sealing, AdapterTM Single Bond 2) were light-cured after application of dentin bonding agent (Clearfil™ SE Bond and Adapter™ Sing Bond 2, respectively), whereas DDS specimens were not treated with any dentin bonding agent. Specimens were cemented with Variolink® II resin cement. Dentin bonding agent (Excite® DSC) was left unpolymerized until the application of porcelain restoration. Shear strength was measured using a universal testing machine at a speed of 5 mm/min and evaluated of fracture using an optical microscope.

RESULTS

The mean shear bond strengths of control group and IDS/SE group were not statistically different from another at 14.86 and 11.18 MPa. Bond strength of IDS/SE group had a significantly higher mean than DDS group (3.14 MPa) (P < .05). There were no significance in the mean shear bond strength between IDS/SB (4.11 MPa) and DDS group. Evaluation of failure patterns indicates that most failures in the control group and IDS/SE groups were mixed, whereas failures in the DDS were interfacial.

CONCLUSION

When preparing teeth for indirect ceramic restoration, IDS with Clearfil™ SE Bond results in improved shear bond strength compared with DDS.     

The effect of silicate cement on enamel and dentin

abstract — The effects upon enamel and dentin of mixes of two different viscosities of silicate cement were examined by polarized light microscopy and microradiography. The silicate was applied to the cut surfaces of extracted teeth for periods of time ranging from 1 h to 2 weeks. In a few cases a very slight degree of demineralization of enamel occurred. Surface demineralization of the dentin, however, was observed in all specimens. This zone of demineralization in the dentin was widest centrally over the pulp and narrowed peripherally towards the amelodentinal junction. A zone of increased mineralization was observed underlying the demineralized area. The fluid mix of silicate resulted in more rapid loss of mineral than did the more viscous mix, but in neither case did the extent of demineralization appear to increase after the first 24 h. In a number of cases, especially those to which the fluid mix had been applied for 24 h, a subsurface zone of demineralization was also observed in the dentin.     

Bond strength of five current adhesives to caries-affected dentin

Five current dentin adhesives were evaluated for their ability to bond to caries-affected dentin. The materials were: total etch [Solid Bond (SB)], two self-etch [Clearfil SE Bond (CSE), Etch and Prime (EP)], two one bottle [Prime and Bond 2.1 (PB), One Coat Bond (OCB)]. Sixty extracted molar teeth with proximal caries (mesial or distal) extending into mid-dentin were used. By grinding normal and caries-affected proximal surfaces, flat dentin surfaces were obtained. The surfaces were then bonded with each adhesive system and composite resins were added to the surfaces by packing the material into a cylindrical-shaped plastic matrix with an internal diameter of 2.5 mm and height of 3 mm. Shear bond testing was performed following 10 days incubation of specimens in distilled water at 37 degrees C. Results were analysed by Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA, and Mann-Whitney U multiple comparison test and Wilcoxon rank tests. The results obtained with CSE, SB, and EP were similar in caries affected and normal dentin (P > 0.05). But bonds made to normal dentin with OCB and PB were lower (P < 0.05) than bonds to caries-affected dentin. Bonding to caries-affected dentin with CSE (24.49 +/- 5.38), SB (21.49 +/- 9.15), and EP (21.19 +/- 9.17) showed shear bond strengths higher than OCB (17.43 +/- 9.78) and PB (14.10 +/- 7.94) (P < 0.05). Bonding to normal dentin with CSE (29.91 +/- 8.95) was the highest (P < 0.05). SB (21.17 +/- 5.41) and EP (17.45 +/- 6.21) showed shear bond strengths higher than OCB (11.99 +/- 10.15) and PB (10.57 +/- 4.56) (P < 0.05).     

不同方向剪切力作用下两种树脂粘结剂与人牙釉质的剪切粘结强度研究

目的：考察不同施力方向上树脂粘结剂与人牙釉质的剪切粘结强度。方法：使用树脂类粘结剂A（Clearfil SE BOND）和B（Prime＆Bond NT），将各自配套的复合树脂粘结在离体人牙釉质面上，当剪切力沿根尖、骀面、近中和远中方向作用时测量其剪切粘结强度。结果：粘结剂A和B与牙釉质的剪切粘结强度值显示，根尖方向[分别为（44．38±3．68）Pa和（45．50±2．88）Pa]〉近中方向[分别为（37．81±7．56）Pa和（40．15±2．59）Pa]和远中方向[分别为（35．71±3．34）Pa和（35．75±4．15）Pa]〉[牙合]面方向[分别为（29．19±3．75）Pa和（33．44±3．79）Pa]，近中方向和远中方向间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），根尖方向与[牙合]面方向间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：树脂粘结剂与人牙釉质剪切粘结强度的大小与剪切力作用的方向相关。     

不同剂型玻璃离子水门汀对牙本质粘结剪切强度的比较

目的:比较不同剂型玻璃离子水门汀对牙本质粘结剪切强度,为临床使用提供参考。方法:临床收集新鲜拔除的磨牙30个,用慢速精密齿科片切机切取颊面浅层牙本质薄片(片厚2 mm),自凝塑料包埋,仅暴露颊侧浅层面作为粘结面,流水冲洗4 s,无油气体吹干,于每个试件的粘结面上固定一直径4 mm,高2 mm成型管。然后将30个试件随机分为3组(每组10个),分别使用RelyXTM Luting Cement(粉液剂型)、GC Fuji PLUS(粉液剂型)和GC Fuji CEM(双糊剂型)3种玻璃离子水门汀进行充填,制作粘结试件后,试件置于盛有人工唾液的容器中37℃24 h,用万能测试机测定每个试件的粘结剪切强度。结果:3种玻璃离子水门汀的粘结剪切强度由底到高分别为:RelyXTM Luting Cement(粉液剂型)(6.163±1.177)MPa、GC Fuji PLUS(粉液剂型)(8.004±0.962)MPa、GC Fuji CEM(双糊剂型)(10.31±0.893)MPa,三者间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:双糊剂型玻璃离子水门汀抗粘结剪切强度明显高于两种粉液剂型玻璃离子水门汀,是临床修复治疗的良好选择。