中学生心理健康状况与个性及父母养方式的关系

目的：探讨中学生心理健康状况与个性及父母养育方式的关系。方法：采用症状自评量表（SCL－90）、艾森克个性问卷（EPQ）和父母养育方式问卷（EMBU）对240名在校中学生进行了集体测查，并对其心理健康状况与个性和父母养育方式的关系进行相关分析。结果：学生SCL－90所有因子与个性N（情绪性）维度呈显著正相关，与E（内外向）维度呈显著负上关，敌对因子与P（精神质）维度正相关显著。SCL－90大多数因子与父母养育方式间亦存在不同程度的相关关系。结论：个性和父母养育方式与青少年心理健康状况有着重要影响。父母积极情感表达子女健康心理的保护因素，而不良个性和父母养育方式失当不利于青少年心理健康发育。     

社会支持对体育系大学生心理健康的影响

目的：探讨社会支持对体育专业大学生心理健康的影响。方法：采用症状自评量表（SCL－90）和社会支持问卷，对145名体育系大学生的心理健康状况和社会支持情况进行调查，并与国内常模进行比较，分析问卷各国子间的相关性，分析心理症状与社会支持的关系。结果：将体育专业大学生的心理健康水平与常模无差异，SCL－90中的强迫和人际关系分低于常模（P＜0．05）；在SCL－90中除躯体化、精神病性两因子外，其他因子分与社会支持各因子分均呈负相关（P＜0．05）。145名大学生中有心理症者25名（17．24％），比较有症状组和无症组组的社会支持情况，发现有症状组的主观支持和对支持的利用度明显低于无症状组（P＜0．05）。结论：体育专业大学生的总体心理健康水平无明显异常，部分学生存在轻、中度心理症状，社会支持对大学生心理健康有明显的影响。     

564名基层官兵心理健康状况与人格特征调查分析

目的：了解目前基层官兵的心理健康与人格特征状况,为心理卫生保健工作提供参考。方法：应用症状自评量表（ SCL－90）和艾森克人格问卷（ EPQ）,对564名基层官兵进行心理测评。结果：①564名基层官兵SCL－90共筛选出阳性者116人,心理健康状况阳性率为20．56％;SCL－90症状自评量表的各因子分、阳性项目数和总分均显著低于中国军人常模（t＝－2．54～－3．04,P＜0．05或0．01）;SCL－90症状自评量表抑郁因子分值显著低于全国常模（t＝－2．85,P＜0．01）,其他各因子、阳性项目数和总分显著高于全国常模（t＝5．39～2．63,P＜0．05或0．01）;②基层官兵的人格特征状况：外向（32．1％）和稳定性（33％）人员有较高比例;③SCL－90各因子分、阳性项目数和总分与EPQ中的P、N维度呈显著正相关（r＝0．235～0．171,0．563～0．498;P＜0．01）,与E、L维度呈显著负相关（r＝－0．119～－0．134,－0．179～－0．184;P＜0．01）。结论：某部基层官兵心理健康状况优于中国军人群体水平,差于全国正常成年人;基层官兵多数个体个性外向、稳定;心理健康状况与人格密切相关。     

SCL—90与UPI评定结果的比较研究

用UPI和SCL－90作为测量工具，对河南6所高校1185名大学生进行心理素质调查，对两种评定结果进行对比，结果发现：SCL－90与UPI量表间各指标存在较高的正相关；SCL－90与UPI的评定结果基本一致；用SCL－90、UPI总分（包括因子分）均值、标准差评定与心理问题发生率、筛选率评定结果基本一致；UPI与SCL－90在大学生心理健康调查与筛选方面的作用基本相当。     

独生子女高中生心理卫生状况调查

采用症状自评量表（SCL－90），对乐昌市三所中学162名独生子女及356名非独生子女进行心理卫生评定。结果表明，20．4％独生子女存在明显的心理问题，阳性检出率低于非独生子女（28．7％），差异显著。独生子女SCL－90各因子得分，普遍低于非独生子女，尤以躯体化、人际关系敏感、抑郁、恐怖、精神病性差异显著；而独生子女中女生抑郁、焦虑、恐怖得分显著高于男生。提示独生子女心理健康状况好于非独生子女，对单亲家庭中的独生子女及女生应引起重视。     

SCL－90地企业管理人员的测评分析

目的：了解企业管理人员的心理健康状况，方法：采用症状自评量表（SCL－90）对136名企业管理人员进行施测。结果：除人际敏感因子分比常模低处，其他各项因子分均高于常模，其中偏执以及精神病性因子分与常模有显著差异。结论：企业管理人员心理健康水平略低于一般人群，女性心理健康状况较男性稍差，40岁以上年龄组的躯体化因子分显著高于其它年龄且，受教育程度对心理健康有积极的影响，但影响并不显著。     

军校心理咨询来访者所在群体心理健康状况

目的 :对军校心理咨询来访者所在的主要群体心理健康状况进行分析与研究。方法 :根据学校心理咨询来访者资料记录 ,确定来访者所在的主要人群 ,采用艾森克人格问卷 (EPQ)与症状自评量表(SCL -90 )对其进行测试。结果 :EPQ结果示女学员的P、N量表分都显著低于男学员 ,而E量表分则高于男学员 ;SCL -90调查结果中除恐怖因子高于男学员外 ,女学员的强迫症状、人际敏感和焦虑因子分低于男学员 ;(2 )非独生子女EPQ结果中的P量表分高于独生子女 ,而其E量表分则低于独生子女 ,SCL -90显示非独生子女的抑郁、恐怖、精神病态因子分高于独生子女 ;(3 )地方委培学员的P、N量表分都显著低于军队学员 ,而E量表分则高于军队学员 ,地方委培学员的SCL -90调查结果中强迫症状、人际敏感、抑郁、焦虑和精神病性因子分低于军队学员。结论 :学员总体心理健康状况较好 ,但仍存在一些问题和差异 ,心理健康状况相对较差的男学员和军队学员在来访人群中所占比例较小 ,提示有一些需要心理帮助的学员可能并未来寻求咨询     

哈尔滨中学生心理健康状况与常模比较研究

目的 探讨哈尔滨市中学生心理健康状况及与常模的差异,为完善中学生心理健康教育内容提供科学依据。方法 采用分层整群抽样的方法;运用症状自评量表（SCL－90）及自编的调查问卷等对哈尔滨市及其所辖县（市）的中学生855名（男453,女402）进行统一问卷调查,资料运用SAS软件进行统计学分析。结果 哈市中学生的心理问题总检出率为21．29％,其中男女分别为21．85％、20．65％;检出率最高的心理问题是人际关系敏感（11．18％）,最低的是躯体化2．07％;各年级的10个因子分、总分和总均分均高于北京中学生常模,其中,除了初一、高一、和高二的躯体和恐怖因子外,其它因子均具有统计学差异（P＜0．05－0．01）;男女生10个因子分、总分和总均分也均高于常模;阳性项目数比成人高16项（P＜0．01）。结论 哈尔滨中学生的心理健康状况明显比北京差,初二最差。;中学生的阳性症状数比成人高得多。     

更年期综合征妇女心理健康状况与个性特征相关分析

目的：了解更年期综合征妇女心理健康状况、个性特征及其关系。方法：应用症状自评量表(SCL—90)、艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)进行评定。结果：症状自评量表躯体化、强迫、抑郁、焦虑因子分较国内常模明显增高，差异显著。艾森克人格问卷N分与SCL—90各因子分呈显著正相关。结论：在广泛提高更年期妇女保健意识、提高其心理健康水平的同时，应加强心理咨询与指导。     

心理干预对儿童精神分裂症患者亲属心理健康的影响

目的：探讨心理干预对儿童精神分裂症症患者亲属心理健康的影响。方法：对入组的30例精神分裂症患儿亲属定期进行心理干预，采用症状自评量表（SCL－90）在干预前后进行心理卫生状况调查。结果：心理干预前与国内常模比较SCL－90总分及焦虑，抑郁，强迫症状，恐怖，偏执，精神病性因子分有显著性差异（P＜0．05，P＜0．01），干预后SCL－90总分及各因子分较干预前显著性差异（P＜0．05，P＜0．01）。结论：儿童精神分裂症患者亲属存在较多的心理问题，心理干预能有效提高精神分裂症患者亲属的心理健康水平。     

Topical organization of the projections of neurons of the substantia nigra and the ventral field of the tegmentum of the midbrain to the head of the caudate nucleus of the cat

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology -     

Asymmetry of the internal connections of the striate cortex of the cat in the projection zone of the center of the field of vision

Studies were carried out on the organization of the internal connections of the striate cortex in cats in the projection zone of the center (0–5°) of the field of vision by microintophoretic application of horseradish peroxidase to electrophysiologically identified orientational columns. The area containing neurons showing retrograde labeling in most cases extended in the mediolateral direction. Labeled cells were located in the upper (II, III) and lower (V, VI) layers of the cortex, and the shapes and orientations of the areas containing labeled neurons in these layers coincided. Spatial asymmetry was detected in the distribution of labeled neurons relative to the orientational column studied. Labeled cells were located predominantly medial to the columns, regardless of the distance from the projection of the area centralis. Considering the visuotopical map of field 17, the asymmetry detected here provides evidence that neurons in orientational columns have more extensive connections with neurons of the peripheral part of the cortex. An asymmetrical distribution of “silent” zones around the receptive fields of neurons in orientational columns is suggested, and that these appear to receive influences from the periphery of the visual field. Laboratory of Visual Physiology and Laboratory of Central Nervous System Morphology, I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Makarov Bank, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia. Translated from Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 82, No. 12, pp. 23–29, December, 1996.     

Characteristics of the topographic interrelation of the head of the pancreas and the duodenum and pathology of the organs of the pancreatoduodenal area

Seventy pancreatoduodenal complexes of 55 patients with chronic pancreatitis and tumours of this zone and 15 patients died from other diseases are studies histotopographically . The pieces of the pancreatic head tissue in the medial wall of the duodenum were found in 12 cases of the first group and in 4 control cases. The pancreatic tissue consisted either of all elements of this organ or cystically dilated ducts and seemed to infiltrate different layers of the duodenum wall. Three variants of the pancreatic head structure are suggested on the basis of anatomo-topographical interrelationships of the pancreatic head and duodenum. In 12 out of 14 cases chronic pancreatitis and carcinoma of organs of this zone were combined with the variants of the pancreatic head structure, in 2 cases there was a true heterotopy . Pathogenetic significance of these variants for the development of chronic pancreatitis is discussed.     

Influence of the level of the transmembrane potential on the dynamics of the extinction of the amplitude of the synaptic reactions of the snail under voltage clamping conditions

The influence of the level of the transmembrane potential on the dynamics of the extinction of the amplitudes of summary excitatory postsynaptic currents arising in identified giant parietal neurons in response to rhythmic stimulation of the intestinal nerve was investigated in a preparation of the isolated CNS of the common snail in order to identify the possibility of the participation of the postsynaptic element in synaptic plasticity. It was demonstrated that, at a greater value of the transmembrane potential, the decrease in the amplitudes of the postsynaptic currents which have been induced by rhythmic stimulation takes place more rapidly. It was also demonstrated that at a higher frequency of stimulation of the nerve, the effect of the influence of the membrane potential level on the dynamics of the synaptic reactions is more prominent. The data obtained may be regarded as an argument in favor of the possibility of the participation of the post-synapse in plasticity. This study was partially supported by the Russian Basic Research Fund (project No. 94-04-12209). Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. Translated from Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatel'nosti imeni I. P. Pavlova, Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 171–179, January–February, 1995.     

Effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on the behavior of the rat.

The effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on behavior of the rat has been studied. Results may be summarized as follows. An increase in the exploratory behavior in the open field which decreases rapidly; a decrease in the number of defecations in this test and a decrease in time leaving a dark environment for exploration. In the shuttle box test, no facilitation of the acquisition, but a permanent and quite significant increase in the intertrial activity has been found. We conclude that the lesions tend to decrease the emotivity of the subjects. An interpretation on the basis of the species -- specific defensive reactions explains the transitory and permanent effects of the lesions on the spontaneous activity.     

Effect of the conditions of adaptation of the optic analyzer to the function of the thermoreceptors of the human skin

Summary A discussion is presented of the effect produced by light stimulation applied to the optic analyzer alone on the function of the temperature analyzer. The cutaneous-temperature analyzer was kept on constant illumination and temperature. The light effects from the retinal photoreceptors on the cutaneous thermoceptor system led to reflex changes of the functional rate of the latter. Conditions of the optic analyzer of light adaptation caused reflex adjustment of cold receptors as to heating. Dark adaptation of the eyes changed the functional state of the cold receptors, corresponding to their adjustment to low temperatures.(Presented by Active Member AMN SSSR V. V. Parin) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 57, No. 3, pp. 3–6, March, 1964