Reduction of diplopia following endoscopic orbital decompression: the orbital sling technique

OBJECTIVE: Although endoscopic orbital decompression has become the surgical treatment of choice for patients with proptosis from Graves disease, postoperative diplopia requiring corrective eye muscle surgery can occur in up to 63% of patients. The purpose of the study was to evaluate a new technique intended to reduce the incidence of diplopia following endoscopic orbital decompression. STUDY DESIGN: Case-control. METHODS: Endoscopic orbital decompression was performed on 58 orbits in 37 patients with proptosis from Graves disease. The orbital sling technique, which makes use of a horizontal strip of periorbital fascia to prevent prolapse of the medial rectus muscle, was used on 20 orbits in 13 patients. Conventional endoscopic decompression was performed in 24 control subjects. The mean duration of follow-up was 3.3 +/- 1.3 years (range, 1.7-5.1 y). RESULTS: The incidence of new-onset or worsened diplopia following endoscopic decompression was significantly lower for the orbital sling group compared with control subjects (0% vs. 29.2%, respectively [ =.038]). No patients in the orbital sling group developed new-onset diplopia following surgery. Of the eight patients with pre-existing diplopia from the orbitopathy, double vision improved in four patients (50%) and was unchanged in the remaining four patients (50%). The mean reduction in proptosis was comparable for the orbital sling and control groups (5.1 +/- 1.1 mm vs. 5.0 +/- 1.9 mm, respectively [ P=.98]). CONCLUSIONS The preservation of a fascial sling overlying the medial rectus muscle during endoscopic orbital decompression appears to reduce the incidence of postoperative diplopia, while still allowing for a satisfactory reduction in proptosis. This modification of the standard decompression technique should be considered for the treatment of patients with proptosis.     

Revision orbital decompression for thyroid eye disease

ObjectiveTo compare the indications, surgical techniques and outcomes for revision orbital decompression surgery for thyroid eye disease in open, endoscopic, and combined open and endoscopic approaches.MethodsA retrospective review of all revision orbital decompression procedures for thyroid eye disease from a single large academic institution over a 17-year period (01/01/2004–01/01/2021) was performed. Patient demographics, as well as indications and types of surgery were reviewed. Outcome measures included changes in proptosis, intraocular pressure, visual acuity and diplopia.ResultsThirty procedures were performed on 21 patients. There was a median of 9.4 months between primary orbital decompression and revision decompression surgery. There were 6 bilateral procedures, and 2 of these patients underwent additional revision surgeries due to decreased visual acuity with concern for persistent orbital apex compression or sight-threatening ocular surface exposure in the setting of proptosis. Twenty-five procedures were performed as open surgeries with 5 endoscopic/combined cases. Combined Ophthalmology/Otolaryngology surgery via combined open/endoscopic approaches was favoured for persistent orbital apex disease. Visual acuity remained preserved in all patients. The overall median reduction in proptosis was 2 mm and intraocular pressure change was 1 mmHg regardless of surgical approach. The overall rate of new onset diplopia after surgery was 15%. These patients had open approaches. All endoscopic/combined approach patients had pre-existing diplopia. There were no statistically significant differences between the open and endoscopic/combined groups in regard to change in visual acuity, reduction in proptosis or intraocular pressure.ConclusionRevision orbital decompression is an uncommon procedure indicated for those patients with progressive symptoms despite previous surgery and intensive medical management. Both endoscopic and non-endoscopic techniques offer favourable outcomes with respect to visual acuity, decrease in intraocular pressure, and improvement in proptosis and overall lead to a low incidence of new onset diplopia.Level of evidenceLevel IV.     

眶平衡减压术相关解剖及临床应用的研究

目的通过眶外侧壁应用解剖研究,探讨眶平衡减压手术的方法及疗效。方法对10具头颅骨眶外侧壁解剖观察及相关数据测量,临床应用眶平衡减压术治疗甲状腺相关眼病共3眼。结果涉及眶平衡减压术的眶外侧壁相关骨性结构有颧额缝、颧额蝶交点、眶下裂等结构,颧额蝶交点至眶下裂距离(外侧面)为(22.4±2.6)mm、眶缘至颧额蝶交点距离(眶面)为(15.6±4.0)mm、颧额缝至眶下缘距离为(22.2±3.4)mm。眶平衡减压术3眼,术后眼球回缩平均为6 mm,无术后并发症发生。结论掌握眶外侧壁解剖,眶平衡减压术手术安全、疗效确切。     

Transantral orbital decompression for Graves’disease

Seventy-five patients with Graves’disease have been treated by transantral orbital decompression. In the first post-operative month the average reduction in proptosis was 3 mm. In the years following the operation this reduction increased to an average of 4.5 mm. In 32% of the patients without diplopia before surgery, the diplopia that developed afterwards did not disappear, 83% of them were successfully treated by extraocular muscle surgery. Seventy per cent of the patients experienced immediate post-operative improvement of visual acuity. Only three patients remained with anaesthesia of the infra-orbital nerve. A total of 65% of the patients found the operation procedure beneficial while 76% were satisfied with the ophthalmological result. We conclude, that transantral orbital decompression, though with moderate morbidity, gives good results in patients with the orbital complications of Graves’disease.     

Endoscopic and transconjunctival orbital decompression for thyroid-related orbital apex compression

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a combined endoscopic and transconjunctival orbital decompression in patients with thyroid-related orbitopathy with orbital apex compression. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review. METHODS: A sequential series of patients with thyroid-related orbitopathy presenting with orbital apex compressive myopathy with and without optic neuropathy who were undergoing combined endoscopic and transconjunctival decompression by the same surgeons from 1992 to 2001 was reviewed. Patients were regularly evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively over a 3- to 55-month period to record the effects of this approach on visual acuity, Hertel exophthalmometry, and diplopia. Complications and secondary ophthalmological procedures were reviewed. RESULTS: Between 1992 and 2001, 72 combined endoscopic and transconjunctival decompressions were performed on 41 patients with orbital apex compression. Visual acuity improved in 89.3% of the patients with compressive optic neuropathy (P <.0005) and in 34.1% of those without neuropathy. Proptosis was reduced by 3.65 mm, on average. There was one case of transient intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid extravasation at the site of the optic nerve decompression, and one patient developed epistaxis. CONCLUSIONS: The study supports the treatment of thyroid-related orbital apex compression with and without compressive optic neuropathy by a combined transconjunctival and endoscopic approach. This approach offers short hospital stays, excellent visual recovery, and minimal complications in patients with thyroid-related orbital apex compressive myopathy and related compressive optic neuropathy. The beneficial effects observed in the patients with visual loss continued to improve over time and were significant (P <.001).     

Balanced (endoscopic medial and transcutaneous lateral) orbital decompression in Graves’ orbitopathy

Background: To determine the clinical outcomes and morbidity of endoscopic medial wall combined with transcutaneous lateral orbital wall decompression in Graves’ orbitopathy.

Methodology: A retrospective noncomparative case series of patients who underwent surgical decompression for Graves’ orbitopathy at Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada between 2004 and 2014 was performed. We reviewed the patients’ charts and analyzed before and after the decompression, the visual acuity (Snellen chart), optic nerve compression (fundoscopy and optic coherence tomography), exophthalmometry (Hertel measurement), ocular motility, diplopia, eyelid surgery needed after decompression and its possible complications.

Results: A total of 20 patients (36 orbits) were operated. The mean follow-up was 44 months (range 18–84). Vision improved dramatically in all compressive optic neuropathy cases (5 cases). Hertel measurements improved on average 3.5?mm (range 1.5–4.5). Diplopia was cured in eight patients (40%) and nine patients with severe preoperative diplopia required strabismus surgery after decompression. Eyelid surgery was further needed in 13 patients. Hyaluronic acid injection was the most used technique for the treatment of eyelid retraction (6 out of 13 patients). Only two major complications were observed: one case had a major post-operative epistaxis and another a cerebrospinal fluid leak. Both were resolved without further sequelae.

Conclusions: These results suggest that endoscopic medial wall combined with transcutaneous lateral wall orbital decompression is an effective and safe treatment for the symptomatic dysthyroid eye disease with important proptosis or compressive optic neuropathy.     

鼻内镜下经鼻眶减压术治疗甲状腺机能障碍性眶病

目的　探讨甲状腺机能障碍性眶病的眶减压手术方法及其疗效。方法　对 9例 15眼患甲状腺机能障碍性眶病并严重影响视觉功能和容貌者 ,行内镜下经鼻眶减压术。结果　术后随访6个月～ 2年 (平均 1年 ) ,眼球突出度、视力、平视睑裂高度分别从术前的 ( 2 1 93± 1 49)mm、0 5 7±0 12、( 11 0 7± 1 44 )mm改善为术后 1年的 ( 16 87± 1 2 5 )mm、0 69± 0 12、( 8 2 0± 1 15 )mm。术后眶压较术前明显降低 (P <0 0 0 1)。 7眼复视 ,术后 3眼复视消失。结论　由操作熟练的耳鼻咽喉科医师行内镜下经鼻眶减压术 ,具有视野清晰 ,手术精确、安全 ,创伤小 ,并发症少等优点 ,是治疗甲状腺机能障碍性眶病的较好手术方法     

梅尼埃病两种内淋巴囊手术方式的远期疗效观察

目的：评估与比较内淋巴囊乳突腔分流术（EMS）和内淋巴囊减压术（ESD）治疗梅尼埃病（MD）的远期疗效。方法：1994—06—2007—07采用内淋巴囊手术治疗原诊断为MD的患者59例,其中EMS34例,ESD25例,选择诊断符合MD诊断依据和疗效评估标准,术后2年以上、随访资料完整的23例24耳（分流术12例13耳,减压术11例11耳）进行回顾性总结。结果：EMS组12例13耳,随访3～14年,眩晕A级完全控制者9耳,B级基本控制4耳;ESD组11例11耳,随访2-14年,术后眩晕A级8耳,B级2耳,C级1耳。EMS组听力B级1耳（7．7％）,C级6耳,D级6耳;ESD组听力B级2耳（18．2％）,C级4耳,D级5耳。2组眩晕控制和听力改善差异无统计学意义。结论：EMS和ESD都是治疗MD的有效方法,对眩晕症状的控制效果满意,临床分期中晚期患者仍有疗效。     

Visual changes after transnasal endoscopic versus transcaruncular medial orbital wall decompression for dysthyroid optic neuropathy

ObjectiveTo compare postoperative changes in visual acuity between the transnasal endoscopic approach and the transcaruncular approach when comparison of preoperative values used for medial orbital wall decompression in patients with dysthyroid optic neuropathy.MethodsWe included 14 patients (23 sides) and divided them into a transnasal group (11 sides, 8 patients) and a transcaruncular group (12 sides, 6 patients). Visual acuity was examined preoperatively, on postoperative days 1, 3, and 7, and at a final follow-up visit. The differences in postoperative improvement of the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) visual acuity and critical flicker frequency (CFF) between the two surgical groups at each time point were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U test.ResultsPostoperative improvement in logMAR visual acuity on postoperative days 1 and 3 and that in CFF on postoperative day 1 were greater in the endonasal group than in the transcaruncular group (P < 0.050). Vision was improved or maintained in all patients in the transnasal group at the final follow-up. One patient in the transcaruncular group had loss of vision on one side and decreased vision on the other side after surgery.ConclusionMedial orbital decompression appears to provide better postoperative vision when performed by the transnasal approach than by the transcaruncular approach in patients with dysthyroid optic neuropathy.     

视神经减压术中蝶窦外侧壁的结构辨认和保护

目的探讨鼻内镜下视神经减压术中如何准确找到和开放视神经管,避免毗邻重要结构损伤,并介绍术中大动脉出血的紧急处理。方法确诊为外伤性视神经病的患者3 0例,术前明确视神经、颈内动脉、眼动脉的位置和损伤情况,定位彼此间的解剖关系。术中以术前的影像学资料为依据初步定位视神经的位置,采取直接开放视神经管或沿眶尖向后逐渐开放视神经管的方式减压视神经,同时注意毗邻解剖结构的保护。结果 30例均准确定位视神经管和视神经;28例顺利完成视神经减压;2例眼动脉假性动脉瘤出血,经及时窦腔填塞止血,终止视神经减压手术;无手术所致的视神经、颈内动脉、眼动脉和海绵窦损伤等严重并发症。结论以影像学资料为依据选择恰当的方法开放视神经管;注意蝶窦外侧壁结构的保护,并掌握紧急处理和预防颈内动脉和眼动脉出血的方法;是防止严重并发症和保证手术顺利完成的关键。     

甲状腺疾病再手术的相关因素探讨

目的：探讨甲状腺疾病再手术的原因、手术并发症及其预防。方法：回顾性分析43例（13例良性病变，30例恶性病变）因甲状腺疾病而再手术的病例，尤其注意其手术并发症的发生，并与同期261例甲状腺恶性疾病首次手术的并发症进行比较。结果：43例均治愈，30例恶性病变的并发症（喉返神经的损伤）发生率为20％，较初次手术者高（P＜0．01）。结论：初次手术方式选择和病理因素是甲状腺疾病再手术的重要原因。甲状腺再次手术时喉返神经损伤的机会明显增加，术中解剖并保护好喉返神经是避免其损伤的关键。甲状腺再手术时的手术风险比初次手术时大，应尽可能予以避免。     

Endolymphatic sac decompression as a treatment for Meniere's disease

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Endolymphatic sac decompression is a surgical treatment option for patients with medically intractable Meniere's disease. However, effectiveness is debated because published data show great variability. Outcome-based research studies are useful in incorporating the patient's perspective on the success of treatment. To further assess effectiveness of endolymphatic sac decompression, we performed a prospective study to examine both symptom-specific and general health outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, observational outcome study. METHODS: Nineteen patients with endolymphatic sac decompression responded to symptom-specific questionnaires and the Medical Outcomes Short-Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) before and after surgery. Follow-up ranged from 6 to 58 months with a mean duration of 50 months. RESULTS: Overall measures of physical health were significantly improved following endolymphatic sac decompression (P = .04), whereas overall measures of mental health were unchanged (P = .74). Role Physical and Social Functioning scores were significantly improved following endolymphatic sac decompression (P = .04 and P = .03, respectively). Study patients scored significantly lower (P < .05) than SF-36 normative data in 6 of 10 categories before endolymphatic sac decompression but patient scores were not significantly different from normal scores in all but one category (General Health) following endolymphatic sac decompression. The mean number of vertigo episodes was significantly reduced from an average of 8.3 times per month to an average of 2.6 times per month following endolymphatic sac decompression (P = .006). Ninety-five percent of patients (18 of 19 patients) reported improvement in symptoms (frequency, duration, or intensity) of vertigo and 37% (7 of 19 patients) reported complete resolution of vertigo. CONCLUSION: Endolymphatic sac decompression significantly improved perception of physical health, as well as symptom-specific outcomes, in patients with medically intractable Meniere's disease.     

甲状腺手术中常规解剖喉返神经的临床价值

目的探讨甲状腺手术中常规解剖喉返神经对防止其损伤的临床价值。方法回顾性分析5344例甲状腺手术患者在全身麻醉下行手术治疗的临床资料,术中解剖喉返神经548例(解剖组),未解剖喉返神经4796例(未解剖组);比较两组术中喉返神经损伤的发生率有无差异。结果解剖组喉返神经损伤12例,发生率为2.2%;未解剖组喉返神经损伤512例,发生率为10.7%。两组喉返神经损伤率差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论甲状腺手术中常规解剖喉返神经能有效防止其损伤。     

联合应用内淋巴囊减压和局部激素治疗难治性梅尼埃病的短期与长期疗效分析

目的 探讨内淋巴囊减压联合经面隐窝鼓室内激素注射以及内淋巴囊表面覆盖激素明胶海绵治疗难治性梅尼埃病的短期与长期临床效果。 方法 回顾分析针对难治性梅尼埃病进行手术治疗的23例患者资料。手术方式在传统内淋巴囊减压的基础上,开放面隐窝,并在圆窗周围放置明胶海绵,鼓室内注射激素,同时在内淋巴囊表面放置明胶海绵并在乳突内注射激素。比较患者治疗前6个月与术后6~12个月(短期疗效),以及术后18~24个月(长期疗效)的眩晕发作次数以及平均听阈水平(500、1 000、2 000 Hz)。 结果 23例患者完成短期疗效评价,术后眩晕发作次数由(5.7±5.9)次(术前6个月)降至(0.4±1.0)次(术后6~12个月),眩晕控制率为87.0%。术后听力维持率为95.7%。13例患者完成长期疗效评价,术后眩晕发作次数由(4.2±2.6)次(术前6个月)降至(0.1±0.3)次(术后18~24个月),眩晕控制率为92.3%,术后听力维持率为100%。 结论 内淋巴囊减压联合局部激素治疗对于保守治疗无效的难治性梅尼埃病具有良好的眩晕控制率和听力维持率,值得推广。     

甲状腺癌手术喉返神经损伤的影响因素分析及预防

目的 分析甲状腺癌喉返神经(RLN)损伤影响因素并建立预防措施.方法 以2018年1月-2019年12月诊治的420例甲状腺癌手术患者为研究对象,采用Logistic回归分析患者甲状腺癌病理类型,TNM分期、手术方式、肿瘤部位、神经暴露的关系等因素对RLN损伤发生率的影响,并建立相应预防措施.结果 420例甲状腺癌患者...