眶壁骨折的直接倾斜矢状CT

作者对74例(男54,女20例)共77个眼眶(左36,右41)做直接倾斜矢状CT扫描,层厚3或5mm。73个眼眶也行冠状扫描,6个行横断层检查。其中47个眼眶见67处眶壁骨折,36处累及眶底,22处于眶内侧壁,9处在眶顶。作者指出,眶底骨折的检查中,横断层CT扫描估价眶底骨折是一种粗略的方法。文中2例眶底骨折均未发现。直接冠状扫描几乎垂直于四个眶壁,是估价中1/3面部和眼眶外伤最好的位置,直接倾斜矢状扫描眼眶放置方法是使病人头向定位板方向转30度,使扫描层面平行于动眼神经和下直肌的走向,这样可在1～2个CT层面上显示下直肌纵行图象。该组83%眶底骨折在倾     

眼眶蜂窝织炎的CT、MR表现

目的 分析眼眶蜂窝织炎的CT、MR表现及探讨其临床价值.资料与方法回顾总结20例眼眶蜂窝织炎患者的CT、MR征象.男11例,女9例.仅行眼眶CT检查18例,眼眶CT、MRI同时检查2例.结果鼻窦源性13例,外伤源性6例,颌面部感染1例.骨膜下脓肿形成5例,肌锥内间隙脓肿1例,肌锥外间隙炎症4例,眶隔前炎症3例,弥漫性炎症7例.影像特征为眶内正常结构界面消失和球后脂肪局限或弥漫性浸润.结论 CT、MRI检查对诊断眼眶蜂窝织炎有重要价值.     

HRCT诊断眼眶底壁骨折

目的 :探讨高分辨力CT(HRCT)诊断眼眶底壁骨折的临床价值。材料和方法 :对 10 5例眼钝力伤患者进行横断 冠状高分辨力CT扫描 ,进行图像对比分析。结论 :10 5例患者中 41例有眼眶底壁骨折 ,其中眶内下壁骨折 15例 ,眶下沟骨折 16例 ,眶底前缘骨折 10例。合并眶内容物疝出 2 5例 ,窦口—鼻道复合体狭窄 4例 ,眶下神经管或眶下孔骨折 5例 ,鼻泪管骨折 2例。结论 :HRCT冠状扫描显示眼眶底壁骨折优于横断扫描。眼眶底壁骨折HRCT诊断除应仔细观察骨折类型以外 ,还应充分估计眶下神经、窦口—鼻道复合体及鼻泪管的损伤情况 ,为临床制定治疗方案及预后提供有利依据。     

急性眼眶炎性病变CT、MRI表现

目的分析急性眼眶炎性病变的CT、MRI表现并探讨其临床价值。方法回顾总结40例眼眶炎性病变患者的CT、MRI征象。眼眶CT、MRI检查12例,仅行眼眶CT检查28例。结果按病因分类:鼻窦源性22例,外伤源性12例,肝克雷伯杆菌感染2例,糖尿病4例。按累及结构分类:骨膜下脓肿形成5例,肌锥内间隙脓肿1例,肌锥外间隙炎症4例,眶隔前炎症3例,海绵窦炎3例,弥漫性炎症7例,内源性眼内炎3例,眼球筋膜炎5例,泪囊炎2例,泪腺炎7例。眼眶炎症影像特点取决于受累结构及范围,表现为眶内正常结构界面消失和一个或多个解剖间隙局限或弥漫浸润。结论 CT、MRI对客观显示眼眶炎症的致病原因和累及范围具有重要价值。     

原发性眼眶静脉曲张的CT和MRI表现

目的探讨原发性眼眶静脉曲张(POV)的CT及MRI表现。方法临床诊断的30例原发性眼眶静脉曲张患者,9例行CT横断位和冠状位扫描,21例行MR扫描,4例行CT和MR检查。结果30例中30只患眼,左眼18例,右眼12例,均为单侧发病。病变部位眼睑3例,眼眶前部1例,眼眶后部(球后)17例,眼睑和眼眶前部5例,眼睑、眼眶前部和眼眶后部2例,眼眶前部和眼眶后部2例。形态17例为不规则块状,4例为卵圆形,9例为不规则条状。CT冠状位,病变均显示为软组织密度,有明显强化;静脉石2例;眶骨受压变薄、眶腔扩大3例。MR扫描,颈部加压后25例均显示病变,11例呈等T1长T2信号,7例呈长T1长T2信号,1例呈等T1等T2信号,6例呈长T1长T2为主的混杂信号,增强的22例中,14例呈明显均匀强化,8例呈不均匀强化。结论CT横断位和冠状位及颈部加压或俯卧位MRI在原发性眼眶静脉曲张的诊断和鉴别诊断方面有重要价值。     

16层螺旋CT重组技术在眼眶蜂窝组织炎及脓肿诊断中的应用

目的：探讨多层螺旋CT（MSCT）多平面重组（MPR）对眼眶蜂窝组织炎及脓肿诊断价值。方法：对15例眼眶蜂窝织炎及眼眶脓肿在16层螺旋CT容积扫描的基础上,根据临床需要进行冠状、矢状及任意平面的重组,观察眶部结构、关系。结果：①骨膜下间隙脓肿9例,表现紧贴眶壁的类圆形、梭形密度增高影,有占位效应,注射对比剂后,周边强化,脓肿壁与眶壁交钝角;②眼眶蜂窝组织炎4例,CT表现眶内结构正常界面消失,眼眶间隙密度局限或弥漫性增高,眼球不同程度突出;③眶隔前蜂窝组织炎2例,仅表现为眼睑肿胀,周界不清。结论：多层螺旋CT容积扫描的多平面重建技术能够提供多平面的影像信息,对眼眶蜂窝组织炎尤其骨膜下脓肿做出更为全面、准确诊断,为临床治疗和评估预后提供重要的依据。     

MPR在眼眶爆裂骨折诊断中的应用

目的:探讨16层CT MPR对眼眶爆裂骨折的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析46例眼眶爆裂骨折的16层CT的横断位、MPR及3D图像。结果:MPR能准确显示骨折,直接显示出骨折线11例,内直肌增粗32例,眼肌及眶内脂肪疝入副鼻窦者26例,内直肌及眶内侧壁之间脂肪间隙变窄或消失者25例,眶内及眼睑皮下积气20例,副鼻窦积液或塌陷者35例。46例均见眼眶周围软组织肿胀。眶内侧壁骨折以横断面显示最佳,眶下壁骨折以冠状面及矢状面显示最佳,混合性骨折以冠状面显示最佳。结论:16层CT容积扫描的MPR能全面而准确地诊断眼眶爆裂骨折,对临床治疗及预后评估有重要价值。     

结合冠状位CT诊断眼眶爆裂性骨折价值分析

目的探讨横断位结合冠状位CT扫描对眼眶爆裂性骨折的诊断价值。方法对254例经CT诊断的眼眶爆裂性骨折进行回顾性分析。结果单纯眶内壁骨折103例,眶下壁骨折26例,复合骨折125例,同时伴有眼外肌肿胀132例,副鼻窦积血积液47例,眶内及眼睑积气25例,眶内容物疝入相邻鼻窦内18例。结论 CT扫描尤其结合冠状位扫描对眼眶爆裂性骨折的诊断具有重要价值。     

眼眶内侧壁骨折的CT诊断

目的：探讨眼眶内侧壁骨折的CT表现及诊断价值。方法回顾38例眼眶内侧壁骨折患者的CT表现，所有病例均行常规横断位薄层扫描，必要时加扫冠状位。结果：显示骨折线14例，筛窦积血24例，筛板内陷24例，同时合并内直肌肿胀13例，筛板内陷24例，同时合并内直肌肿胀13例，眶内及眼睑积气4例，球内出血1例，眶内血肿1例，玻璃体脱位1例，球内异物1例，合并其他骨折17例。结论：CT不仅能发现眼眶内侧壁骨折，并可显示其内情况，周围软组织及邻近骨折的改变，是日前诊断眶内侧壁骨折最有效的方法。     

儿童急性鼻窦炎颅眶并发症的CT和MRI表现

目的 探讨儿童急性鼻窦炎颅眶并发症的CT和MRI表现,提高对其影像学表现的认识.方法 回顾性分析26例经临床证实的儿童急性鼻窦炎颅眶并发症的影像资料,16例行CT平扫检查,所有病例均行MRI检查.结果 26例患者中眼眶并发症23例,颅内并发症3例.根据Chandler对儿童急性鼻窦炎眼眶并发症的分型,眶隔前蜂窝织炎2例,CT表现为眼睑、面颊部肿胀,MRI肿胀的软组织T1 WI呈等信号,T2WI呈高信号,眶隔后肌锥内外间隙清晰;眶隔后蜂窝织炎5例,CT表现为眼睑、面颊部肿胀并眶隔后肌锥内外间隙模糊不清,MRI炎性水肿组织表现为T1WI呈等信号,T2WI呈高信号,肌锥内外间隙脂肪信号存在,增强后,病变累及范围内有强化;骨膜下脓肿16例,CT表现为眼眶内下象限肌锥外间隙软组织密度影,多呈梭形,11例眼眶内壁、下壁骨质有不同程度破坏,MRI表现为T1WI低信号,T2WI高信号,增强后脓肿壁明显强化.儿童急性鼻窦炎颅内并发症主要为脑膜炎及硬膜下脓肿,CT表现为前颅底、额部颅板下新月形低密度影,MRI脓腔T1WI低信号,T2WI高信号,增强扫描脓肿内外壁均明显强化,脑表面见脑沟回样强化.结论 CT和MRI的联合检查可明确儿童急性鼻窦炎颅眶并发症的类型、范围、部位,对临床治疗方案的制定以及随访观察具有重要的指导意义.     

The value of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of orbital floor fractures

The value of MRI in the diagnosis of acute orbital floor fractures has not been clearly defined. We therefore compared MR findings with CT findings in patients with orbital trauma. In 30 patients with isolated orbital trauma both coronal CT and coronal MRI were used to examine the orbits and the adjacent paranasal sinuses. Visualization of anatomical landmarks, the kind and extent of traumatic lesions, as well as artifacts were scored. The scores were compared using the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test. Interexamination agreement between the two methods was calculated using a kappa analysis. All examinations had diagnostic quality: 30 fractures of the orbital floor (9 right and 21 left orbital floor fractures) were identified. In addition, CT showed fractures of the medial orbital wall in 19 patients (63.3%), of the lateral wall in 10 patients (33.3%), of the zygomatic arch in 2 patients (6.7%), and of the maxillary sinus in 4 patients (13.3%). Soft tissue herniation was shown in 13 patients (inferior rectus muscle twice, orbital fat in 11 cases). Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated soft tissue herniation in 21 patients: muscle in 4, orbital fat in 17 cases. Magnetic resonance imaging is able to demonstrate orbital floor fractures as sensitively as CT, but CT is superior to MRI in showing small and associated fractures; therefore, CT remains in orbital fractures the imaging modality of choice. Magnetic resonance imaging is superior to CT in showing soft tissue herniations; therefore, MRI may have a role as an adjunct to CT if soft tissue entrapment remains unclear.     

眼眶郎格罕斯细胞组织细胞增生CT及MRI表现

目的 探讨眼眶郎格罕斯细胞组织细胞增生症影像学表现。材料与方法 回顾性分析资料完整的12例眼眶郎格罕斯细胞组织细胞增生症。均行CT扫描,其中6例行MRI检查。结果 主要临床表现为突眼。常见部位为眼眶外上壁、下壁及外壁。HRCT表现均呈溶骨性破坏,边界清楚但无硬化,伴大的软组织肿块;MRI表现T1WI均呈低信号（与脑实质比较,以下同）,T2WI呈等或高信号。CT及MRI显示病变中～重度强化。结论 HRCT可清楚显示眼眶郎格罕斯细胞组织细胞增生症的骨质改变,能帮助临床诊断。MRI可准确判断病变范围;两者结合在本病的诊断、治疗及随访中起重要作用。     

眼眶单纯内侧壁骨折的CT诊断

目的 分析和评价CT、特别是高分辨率CT（HRCT）扫描对眼眶单纯内侧壁骨折的诊断价值。材料与方法 回顾性分析30例眼眶单纯内侧壁骨折患者的CT资料。男27例,女3例。轴位扫描22例,冠状位和冠状位加轴位扫描各4例,其中25例行HRCT扫描。结果 骨折发生在眶内缘1例,筛骨眶板29例。结果 CT特别是HRCT能细致地显示眼眶内侧壁的解剖结构,能精确地显示眼眶单纯内侧壁骨折的直接、间接征象和并发症,是最重要和有价值的检查方法。     

眼眶骨折常规体位CT加直接倾斜矢状面的研究：附120例分析

目的：探讨直接倾斜矢状面ＣＴ在眼眶骨折中的应用价值。材料与方法：１２０例眼眶外伤患者，在常规横断面及冠状面ＣＴ的基础上加扫直接倾斜矢状面ＣＴ，比较观察各体位显示的信息。结果：１２０例眼眶骨折中，上下壁骨折冠状面显示１０３例，矢状面显示１０５例；横断面未能显示。上下直肌增粗冠状面显示５０例，矢状面显示７２例；视神经弯曲２７例均矢状面显示。结论：直接倾斜矢状面ＣＴ能更全面地观察眼眶上下壁的情况及上下直     

Computed tomography of acute orbital infection: the importance of coronal sections

Acute orbital infection is a potentially serious condition in which the patient is at risk of blindness in the affected eye, and may develop intracranial complications. Orbital abscesses, which are usually subperiosteal and lie beneath the orbital roof, require surgical drainage. Their identification is a diagnostic challenge. The reliability of computed tomography (CT) in demonstrating subperiosteal abscesses has been questioned but all 15 abscesses in a series of 25 cases of orbital infection were satisfactorily demonstrated provided the CT examination included coronal sections. One-third of abscesses would have been missed if coronal sections had been omitted.     

眼眶神经鞘瘤的CT和MRI研究

目的 研究眼眶神经鞘瘤的ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ表现,提高其诊断准确率。方法 １９例手术病理证实的眼眶神经鞘瘤,其中１５例行ＣＴ扫描,１０例行ＭＲ扫描,对照手术病理结果,比较分析ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ的诊断准确率。结果 ８例位于肌锥内,８例位于肌锥外,３例位于眼眶和海绵窦,为颅眶沟通性神经鞘瘤;１５例呈椭圆形,４例呈哑铃形。１１例神经鞘瘤ＣＴ平扫呈等密度,密度均匀,９例行增强扫描均呈均匀强化;３例呈等密度,密度不均匀,     

眶颅沟通性病变的CT和MRI研究

目的 研究、探讨眶颅沟通性病变的沟通路径、CT和MRI表现及其影像学特征。方法 51例患者,男28例,女23例,年龄2－68岁,平均41岁,为手术病理和随访结果证实。51例均行 CT扫描,45例行MR扫描,CT和MR增强扫描各44例。结果 通过眶上裂或视神经管沟通的颅眶沟通笥病变31例,占60.8％。其中9例通过视神经管沟通,包括4例视神经和视交叉胶质瘤、3例视神经鞘脑膜瘤,以及2例视网膜母细胞瘤侵犯视神经和视交叉;通过眶上裂沟通者,包括5例脑膜瘤、4例神经源性肿瘤、2例Tolosa-Hunt综合征、3例炎性假瘤、1例眼眶和海绵窦皮样囊肿,以及7例鼻咽癌同时侵犯海绵窦和眼眶,通过眶骨穿支血管间隙沟通的病变或骨质破坏缺损区沟通的眶颅沟通性病变20例,占39.2％,包括5例眶骨扁平性脑膜瘤、10例眶壁转移瘤、1例眶壁软骨肉瘤侵犯筛窦、额窦和额叶、3例泪腺囊腺癌侵犯颅内和1例额底脑膜瘤侵犯眼眶。结论 CT和MRI,尤其是使用脂肪抑制技术和增强扫描的T1WI能明确显示眶颅沟通性病变的沟通路径和病变特征,为制订治疗方案和手术入路提供重要和直接的依据。     

Evaluation of coronal CT findings of rare cases of isolated medial orbital wall blow-out fractures

OBJECTIVES: To report rare cases of isolated medial orbital wall blow-out fractures and to evaluate their coronal CT findings. METHODS: Nine cases of medial orbital wall blow-out fractures, diagnosed by coronal CT in a general medical hospital between 1995 and 1999, were studied. CT was performed using direct coronal acquisition with a slice thickness of 5 mm. Images were obtained at bone window settings. Clinical examination findings from the medical records were used to give information on the cause of injury, ocular symptoms and the days after injury that the CT examination was performed. RESULTS: Most of the patients (67%) were young male adults. The cause of injury was most frequently the result of fist fighting or athletics (78%). Diplopia and/or limitation of the gaze were the main ocular symptoms (78%). The average time from injury to CT examination was 4 days (range 0-16 days). Seven of the nine patients with medial orbital wall fractures had isolated medial orbital wall blow-out fractures. Herniation of orbital contents toward the ethmoid sinus was observed among all nine fractures. Only three patients (33%) had a swelling and/or medial deviation of the medial rectus muscle, all three having isolated medial orbital wall blow-out fractures. CONCLUSIONS: Nine cases of medial orbital wall blow-out fractures were examined, seven of which were isolated medial wall blow-out fractures. CT findings of this type of fracture included herniation of the orbital contents toward the ethmoid sinus. However, swelling and/or medial deviation of the medial rectus muscle was also seen.