晚期肺癌患者一线化疗后6种血清肿瘤标志物水平的变化及意义

目的探讨血清癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖类抗原199(CA199)、糖类抗原125(CA125)、神经烯醇化酶(NSE)、细胞角蛋白19片段(CYFRA21-1)和鳞状细胞癌相关抗原(SCC)对晚期肺癌一线化疗疗效的评估作用。方法用免疫化学发光法测定6种血清肿瘤标志物。选择初治的晚期肺癌患者,分别检测化疗前及化疗2个疗程后的血清6种肿瘤标志物水平。化疗疗效基于影像学的实体瘤疗效评价标准(RECIST)判定为部分缓解(PR)、稳定(SD)和进展(PD)。以化疗前、后血清肿瘤标志物的水平变化来评估一线化疗反应的疗效。结果共纳入111例肺癌患者。化疗前肺腺癌(43例)患者血清CEA和CA125水平高于肺鳞癌(38例)和小细胞肺癌(30例)(P0.05),肺鳞癌患者血清CYFRA21-1和SCC水平高于肺腺癌和小细胞肺癌(P0.05),小细胞肺癌患者血清NSE水平高于肺鳞癌和肺腺癌(P0.05);CYFRA21-1、CEA和NSE在肺鳞癌、肺腺癌及小细胞肺癌中的阳性率最高,分别为71.2%、79%、93.3%。一线化疗两周期后,化疗有效(PR)肺癌患者中,肺腺癌CEA和CYFRA21-1水平低于化疗前(P0.01),肺鳞癌SCC和CYFRA21-1水平低于化疗前(P0.01),小细胞肺癌NSE水平低于化疗前(P0.001);而肺癌化疗无效组(SD+PD)血清肿瘤标志物在化疗前、后差异均无统计学意义。结论 CEA、CYFRA21-1和SCC、NSE分别是肺腺癌和肺鳞癌、小细胞肺癌化疗有效的良好评估指标。血清肿瘤标志物对肺癌化疗无效的患者监测价值不高。     

探讨肺癌肿瘤标志物联合检测在诊断中的意义

目的探讨肿瘤标志物联合检测在肺癌诊断中的临床意义。方法采用化学发光法检测342例肺癌患者治疗前血清中的CEA、CA125、CYFRA21-1、NSE、Pro-GRP、SCC的水平。结果⑴六种肿瘤标志物血清检测水平在肺癌组与对照组有差异(P0.05)。⑵CEA和CA125在腺癌中明显高于小细胞癌和鳞癌(P0.05);CYFRA21-1和SCC在鳞癌中高于小细胞癌和腺癌(P0.05);NSE和Pro-GRP在小细胞癌中高于鳞癌和腺癌(P0.05)。⑶六种血清肿瘤标志物联合检测,小细胞肺癌以Pro-GRP+NSE灵敏度最高,为67.2%;鳞癌以CYFRA21-1+SCC+CEA+CA125灵敏度最高,为84%;腺癌以SCC+CEA+CA125和CYFRA21-1+SCC+CEA+CA125灵敏度最高,分别为89.3%。结论小细胞肺癌优先选择Pro-GRP+NSE组合,鳞癌优先选择SCC+CYFRA21-1+CEA组合,腺癌优先选择CA125+CEA+SCC组合。     

晚期肺癌患者血清CEA、CYFRA21-1、SCC、NSE水平变化的临床意义

目的探讨癌胚抗原(CEA)、细胞角蛋白19片段(CYFRA21-1)、鳞状细胞癌相关抗原(SCC)和神经烯醇化酶(NSE)在晚期肺癌患者化疗疗效评估中的价值。方法选择136例晚期肺癌患者(肺癌组)和40例肺部良性疾病患者(对照组),对肺癌组进行至少2个疗程的化疗,比较化疗前肺癌组和对照组、肺癌组不同病理类型患者血清CEA、CYFRA21-1、SCC和NSE水平,并比较肺癌组不同疗效患者化疗前后上述肿瘤标志物水平的变化情况。结果化疗前肺癌组血清CEA、NSE、CYFRA21-1、SCC水平均高于对照组(P0.01);鳞癌患者血清CEA水平高于腺癌患者和小细胞癌患者(P0.01),小细胞癌患者血清NSE水平高于腺癌患者和鳞癌患者(P0.01),鳞癌患者血清CYFRA21-1、SCC水平均高于腺癌患者和小细胞患者(P0.01)。腺癌部分缓解(PR)患者化疗后血清CEA水平显著下降(P0.01),鳞癌PR患者化疗后血清CYFRA21-1、SCC水平显著下降(P0.05),小细胞癌PR患者化疗后血清NSE水平显著降低(P0.01),各组化疗后稳定的和有进展的患者化疗前后血清CEA、NSE、CYFRA21-1、SCC水平差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 CEA、CYFRA21-1、SCC、NSE可作为肺腺癌、肺鳞癌和小细胞癌化疗有效的评估指标,但对化疗无效患者检测意义不大。     

疟原虫感染3例报告

摘要：目的：评价血清CEA、CA125、NSE、CYFRA21-1、SCC在肺癌的诊断价值及其联合检测的临床意义。 方法：将肺癌患者分为鳞癌、腺癌和小细胞癌3组,测定各组和健康对照组血清CEA、CA125、NSE、CYFRA21-1、SCC水平,比较各组差异,以及肺癌不同类型组间的差异,探讨联合检测对肺癌的诊断意义。 结果：肺癌组各项标志物的水平与健康对照组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05),CYFRA21-1、SCC在肺鳞癌和肺腺癌中有显著性差异(P<0.05);SCC、CYFRA21-1、NSE在肺鳞癌和肺小细胞癌中有显著性差异(P<0.05);NSE在肺小细胞癌和肺腺癌中有显著性差异(P<0.05),5项肿瘤标志物联合检测肺癌阳性率为87%,高于单项肿瘤标志物的检测。 结论：5项肿瘤标志物在肺癌的诊断和病理分型中均有一定价值,其中NSE对肺小细胞癌,CYFRA21-1对肺鳞癌诊断价值较高。肿瘤标志物联合检测有利于提高肺癌的诊断率。     

CEA、CA125、NSE、CYFRA21-1、SCC联合应用诊断肺癌的意义

摘要：目的：评价血清CEA、CA125、NSE、CYFRA21-1、SCC在肺癌的诊断价值及其联合检测的临床意义。 方法：将肺癌患者分为鳞癌、腺癌和小细胞癌3组,测定各组和健康对照组血清CEA、CA125、NSE、CYFRA21-1、SCC水平,比较各组差异,以及肺癌不同类型组间的差异,探讨联合检测对肺癌的诊断意义。 结果：肺癌组各项标志物的水平与健康对照组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05),CYFRA21-1、SCC在肺鳞癌和肺腺癌中有显著性差异(P<0.05);SCC、CYFRA21-1、NSE在肺鳞癌和肺小细胞癌中有显著性差异(P<0.05);NSE在肺小细胞癌和肺腺癌中有显著性差异(P<0.05),5项肿瘤标志物联合检测肺癌阳性率为87%,高于单项肿瘤标志物的检测。 结论：5项肿瘤标志物在肺癌的诊断和病理分型中均有一定价值,其中NSE对肺小细胞癌,CYFRA21-1对肺鳞癌诊断价值较高。肿瘤标志物联合检测有利于提高肺癌的诊断率。     

5种肿瘤标志物在肺癌早期诊断中的临床应用研究

目的评价癌胚抗原(CEA)、细胞角蛋白19片段(CYFRA21-1)、糖类抗原CA-125、CA-242、神经原特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)五种肿瘤标志物在肺癌早期诊断中的临床价值。方法回顾性分析708例住院病人5项血清肿瘤标志物水平和临床病理资料。结果肺癌5种血清肿瘤标志物阳性检出率明显高于与肺良性疾病,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);鳞癌、腺癌、小细胞癌阳性检出率分别是CYFRA21-1、(CEA、CA-242)、NSE最高,相比其他标志物均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。腺癌CEA、CA-125、CA-242肿瘤标志物水平明显高于鳞癌、小细胞肺癌(P<0.05),鳞癌CYFRA21-1水平明显高于腺癌、小细胞肺癌(P<0.05);小细胞肺癌NSE水平明显高于腺癌、鳞癌(P<0.05)。肿瘤标志物水平与肺癌临床分期相关,标志物水平越高,分期越晚。结论 CEA、CYFRA21-1、CA-125、CA-242及NSE仍是诊断肺癌的重要肿瘤标志物,鳞癌、腺癌、小细胞肺癌的实验室诊断可分别优先选择CYFRA21-1,CEA、CA-242,NSE。     

肿瘤标志物SCC、NSE、CYFRA21-1及CEA联合检测在肺癌诊断中的应用

目的 探讨血清中肿瘤标志物鳞状细胞癌相关抗原(SCC)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、细胞角蛋白19片段(CYFRA21-1)及癌胚抗原(CEA)联合检测在肺癌诊断中的应用.方法 应用电化学发光免疫分析法检测75例肺癌患者、64例肺良性疾病患者血清中SCC、NSE、CYFRA21-1及CEA的水平,并与59例健康人(对照组)比较.结果 肺癌组SCC、NSE、CYFRA21-1、CEA水平均明显高于肺良性疾病组及对照组(均P<0.05).NSE在小细胞肺癌中的水平明显高于非小细胞肺癌(均P<0.05).4项指标联合检测对肺癌诊断的敏感性均明显高于单项指标(均P<0.05).结论 联合检测4种肿瘤标志物水平可提高肺癌的检出率,NSE有助于鉴别小细胞及非小细胞肺癌.     

联合检测血清CEA、CA125、NSE与CYFRA21-1在肺癌诊断中的临床意义

目的 通过检测肿瘤标志物CEA、CA125、NSE、CYFRA21-1在肺癌患者血清中的水平,探讨其在肺癌鉴别诊断中的价值.方法 采集肺癌组132例,肺良性病变组87例,健康对照组86例患者的静脉血,处理后得到血清,采用Elecsys2010电化学发光法测定4项肿瘤标志物的水平,分析肺癌组中各肿瘤标志物在血清中的含量以及单项检测、联合检测的敏感性和特异性.结果 肺癌组CEA、CA125、NSE、CYFRA21-1血清水平分别明显高于肺良性病变组和正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).肺良性病变组和对照组比较,血清CA125、CEA差异有统计学意义(P＜0 05).腺癌患者血清CEA水平明显高于小细胞癌患者(P＜0.01);鳞癌患者血清CYFRA21-1水平明显高于小细胞癌(P＜0.05)与腺癌(P＜0.05);小细胞癌患者NSE水平明显高于腺癌和鳞癌(P＜0.01);腺癌患者CA125水平明显高于鳞癌和小细胞癌(P＜0.05).4项血清标记物联合检测的阳性率(97.0％)显著高于各单项的敏感性.结论 CEA、CA125、NSE与CYFRA21-1对不同组织类型肺癌均有一定的诊断价值,联合检测可大大提高灵敏度,对肺癌的早期诊断和鉴别具有重要意义.     

血清肿瘤标志物CYFRA21-1、CEA、NSE检测在肺癌辅助诊断中的应用

目的探讨血清肿瘤标志物细胞角蛋白19片段(Cytokeratin fragment 19,CYFRA21-1)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(Neuron-specific enolase,NSE)、癌胚抗原(Carcinoembryonic antigen,CEA)单独或联合检测对肺癌的诊断价值。方法应用电化学发光技术测定经病理确诊的肺癌患者182例、肺良性疾病患者78例及健康对照者85例血清肿瘤标志物CYFRA21-1、CEA、NSE的含量水平,并计算各项目的阳性率、灵敏性、特异性、准确性等诊断性能指标。结果肺癌组3项肿瘤标志物水平显著高于肺良性疾病组及健康对照组(P0.01);CYFRA21-1在肺鳞癌、CEA在肺腺癌、NSE在小细胞肺癌的水平及阳性率分别显著高于其他两组(P0.01);CYFRA21-1、CEA、NSE联合检测可提高肺癌诊断的灵敏性和准确性(P0.01)。结论 CYFRA21-1、CEA、NSE单项检测分别对肺鳞癌、肺腺癌、小细胞肺癌诊断性能最高,且3项联检优于单项检测。     

五种血清肿瘤标志物检测在肺癌临床诊断中的意义

目的探讨五种血清肿瘤标志物癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖类抗原125(CA125)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、细胞角蛋白19片段(CYFRA21-1)及鳞状细胞癌相关抗原(SCC)检测对肺癌临床诊断的价值。方法采用电化学发光法检测血清中CEA、CA125、NSE、CYFRA21-1及化学发光法检测SCC的水平,比较分析五种血清学肿瘤标志物在肺癌临床诊断中的价值。结果试验中5种肿瘤标志物均能很好的鉴别肺癌患者与健康人群;CA125在诊断肺癌与其它肿瘤显著(AUC=0.706,P0.05);SCC在诊断鳞癌显著χ2=6.963,P0.05;CYFRA21-1在诊断小细胞肺癌与非小细胞肺癌显著χ2=9.367,P0.05,反而NSE不显著χ2=2.279,P0.05。CEA尽管在鳞癌比较高,但对比其它肿瘤没有显著优势;联合5种标志物检测肺癌敏感性高,尤其对鳞癌达到100%。结论 CA125在诊断肺癌与其它肿瘤及健康人群均有显著优势,SCC能较好的诊断鳞癌,CYFRA21-1在诊断小细胞肺癌与非小细胞肺癌显著优势,5种联合使用可显著提高肺癌检出敏感性。     

Platelet alloantigens HPA-1, -2, -3, -5 and -6b in Finns

SUMMARY. The human platelet alloantigens HPA-1, -2, -3, -5 and -6b in the Finnish population were determined using allele specific restriction analysis (PCR-ASRA) for HPA-1, -2, -3 and -5 and monoclonal antibody immobilized platelet antigen (MAIPA) assay for HPA-1, -3a, -5b and -6b. No discrepancies were observed between the results obtained with the PCR-method and those obtained serologically. The gene frequencies obtained from 200 unrelated Finns were 0.86 and 0.14 for HPA-1a and -1b, 0.91 and 0.09 for HPA-2a and -2b, 0.59 and 0.41 for HPA.3a and -3b and 0.95 and 0.05 for HPA-5a and -5b. The frequency of the HPA-5b allele (10%) is lower in Finns than in Central- or South-European populations (20–30%). The HPA-1, -2 and -3 frequencies did not deviate from those observed in other European populations. The rare HPA-6b antigen was observed in three of 127 individuals from south-eastern Finland (2.4%), which suggests that the frequency of this allele in Finland is higher than previously thought.     

Caspases -2, -3, -6, and -9, but not caspase-1, are activated in sepsis-induced thymocyte apoptosis

Sepsis induces extensive lymphocyte cell death that may contribute to immune depression and morbidity/mortality in the disorder. bcl-2 is a member of a new class of oncogenes that prevents cell death from an array of noxious stimuli. Transgenic mice that overexpress BCL-2 in T lymphocytes are resistant to sepsis-induced T cell apoptosis, and mortality was decreased in sepsis. The purpose of this study was to identify key initiator and executioner "caspases" involved in sepsis-induced lymphocyte apoptosis and to determine if BCL-2 acts prior to caspase activation. Thymi were removed 5-22 h post-cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) or sham surgery. Apoptosis was evaluated in thymocytes by annexin-V FITC labeling and flow cytometry. Caspase-1 activity was determined by western blot analysis of the procaspase protein and p20 subunit of the activated caspase; activities of caspases -2, -6, and -9 were determined by colorimetric assays using specific substrates conjugated to a color reporter molecule. Caspase-3 activity was determined both by western blot and by a fluorogenic assay in which a fluorescent compound was generated. Thymocytes from CLP mice had markedly increased apoptosis and activation of caspases -2, -3, -6, and -9 in comparison with thymocytes of sham-operated mice. Caspase-1 was not activated. BCL-2 prevented sepsis-induced thymocyte apoptosis and inhibited activation of all caspases. We conclude that sepsis causes activation of multiple caspases and that BCL-2 acts upstream as an inhibitor of caspase activation. The pattern of caspase activation suggests a mitochondrial mediated pathway.     

Ferroelectric performance of nylons 6-12, 10-12, 11-12, and 12-12

Nylons have great potential for electrical applications requiring high polarizability and low dielectric loss. Recently, the narrow single hysteresis loop with relaxor ferroelectricity and the double hysteresis loop due to antiferroelectricity have been reported in nylon random copolymers, terpolymers, and common even-numbered nylons. Although several studies of ferroelectric nylons have been reported, even–even-numbered and odd–even-numbered nylons have not been sufficiently explored. Here, the ferroelectricity of spin-coated even–even-numbered and odd–even-numbered nylons was investigated. A series of even–even-numbered nylons, including nylons 6-12, 10-12, and 12-12, and an odd–even-numbered nylon, nylon 11-12, were polymerized with 1,10-dodecanedicarboxylic acid (12) and four aliphatic diamines with various methylene units, 1,6-hexanediamine (6), 1,10-decanediamine (10), 1,11-undecanediamine (11), and 1,12-dodecanediamine (12). The obtained nylon polymers were spin coated and then subjected to melt-quenching or thermal annealing followed by quenching. From the X-ray diffraction and the electrical hysteresis loop data, the correlation between the ferroelectricity and the crystal parameters of crystallinity and crystallite size of the γ crystal phase was investigated. Furthermore, the free volume of the nylon samples was estimated to correlate with the ferroelectricity. Temperature-dependent ferroelectricity was investigated for nylon 10-12. At a high temperature, the nylon samples showed a narrow polarization–electric field hysteresis loop and a rhombus-shaped polarization current–electric field hysteresis loop due to the relaxor ferroelectricity. This behaviour was caused by electrically rotating the nanodomains with weakened hydrogen bonds at higher temperatures.

Nylons have great potential for electrical applications requiring high polarizability and low dielectric loss.     

Pharmacokinetics of (+/-)-, (+)-, and (-)-gossypol in humans and dogs

Pharmacokinetic parameters of (+/-)-, (+)-, and (-)-gossypol were determined in humans and dogs after a single oral or intravenous dose. Mean (+/- SD) oral bioavailability of (+/-)-gossypol in dogs was 30.9% +/- 16.2%. Studies in dogs who received single intravenous injections revealed that the elimination t1/2 and volume of distribution of (+)-gossypol were five and six times those of (-)-gossypol, respectively, whereas total body clearance and the AUC of the two enantiomers were similar. Data from men receiving the compounds orally show that the average peak plasma concentration and the AUC of (+)-gossypol are significantly greater than those of the (-)-isomer. The rate constants of alpha, beta, ka, k21, and k10 for (-)-gossypol are significantly greater than those for (+)-gossypol, indicating higher rates of mass transfer of the (-)-species. In humans the elimination t1/2 of (+)-gossypol was 29 times as that of (-)-gossypol, a difference that is more striking than that found in dogs. The elimination t1/2 of (+/-)-gossypol in humans averages 286 +/- 179 hours.     

Comparison of chewing cycles in 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-year-old normal children

Chewing movements of normal 2-, 3-, and 4-year-old children were measured. Chewing movements of 2- and 3-year-olds were compared with those of 4- and 5-year-olds. Measures were taken on 56 children: 17 were 2 years old (8 female, 9 male); 19 were 3 years old (10 female, 9 male); and 20 were 4 years old (10 female and 10 male). Data of twenty 5-year-olds (10 males, 10 females) were taken from a previous study (9). Chewing movements were measured by time (seconds), number of cycles, and a time/cycle ratio. A chewing cycle was defined as an upward and downward movement of the chin. Total time from the moment food was placed in the mouth until the final swallow occurred was divided by the number of cycles counted for the same period. The type of food eaten affected time, cycles, and the time/cycle ratio, but age and sex did not. A comparison of younger (2- and 3-year-olds) and older children (4- and 5-year-olds) showed significant time differences. During maturation, time was shortened. It was shown earlier that under pathologic conditions (Down's syndrome) time was prolonged. Thus, the time/cycle ratio is an excellent indicator of the developmental status of a child.     

The reference intervals for CA125, CA15-3, CA19-9, CA72-4, AFP,CEA, NSE and CYFRA21-1

Tumor markers are noninvasive diagnostic tools for cancer. Their abnormal expression often occurs earlier than clinical symptoms or other detection signals. Appropriate reference intervals (RIs) of tumor markers are important for health evaluation, cancer diagnosis, therapy monitoring and prognosis assessment. In this study, we aimed to establish the RIs of cancer antigen 125 (CA125), CA15-3, CA19-9, CA72-4, alpha fetoprotein (AFP), carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA), neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and cytokeratin 19 fragment antigen 21–1 (CYFRA21-1) in apparently healthy Henan population. A total of 1705 apparently healthy participants (21–89?years) were recruited from five representative geographical regions in Henan province. Nonparametric 95th percentile intervals were used to define the RIs of CA125, CA15-3, CA19-9, CA72-4, AFP, CEA, NSE and CYFRA21-1. The test results of CA125, CA15-3, CA19-9, CA72-4, AFP, CEA, NSE and CYFRA21-1 can traceable to reference measurement procedures. The age- and gender-specific RIs of the tumor markers were established. We established age- and gender-specific RIs for CA125, CA15-3, CA19-9, CA72-4, AFP, CEA, NSE and CYFRA21-1. The newly established RIs should be more suitable for Henan population. It will be valuable for clinicians to make a medical diagnosis, therapeutic management decision and other physiological assessment.