内固定物置入分期矫形治疗重度僵硬脊柱侧凸

背景：重度脊柱侧凸是目前临床治疗的难点,目前研究表明分期矫形治疗是一种安全有效的治疗手段。目的：分析分期矫形在治疗重度脊柱侧弯中的疗效。方法：对10例重度僵硬的脊柱侧凸分期矫形治疗进行回顾性分析,平均年龄12岁。冠状面Cobb角110°-180°,平均140°,矢状位后凸Cobb角50°-100°,平均75°,均采用1期前路松解,2期行Halo-plevic环牵引,3期后路截骨矫形内固定物治疗。结果与结论：所有病例均顺利完成手术治疗,无严重并发症发生,1期前路松解及2期牵引治疗术后冠状位Cobb角平均90°,矫正率为35.7%,矢状位Cobb角50°,矫正率为33.3%;3期截骨矫形后冠状位Cobb角平均40°,矫正率为71.4%,矢状位Cobb角35°,矫正率为53.3%。结果说明对于重度僵硬脊柱侧凸畸形,分期矫形治疗是有效安全的治疗手段。     

无标记X射线片评价特发性脊柱侧凸不同大小Cobb角的一致性

背景:Cobb角测量是影响特发性脊柱侧凸King、Lenke和PUMC分型一致性的重要因素之一.文献报道冠状面Cobb角测量一致性较好.但是,纳入研究的Cobb角范围较大,无法对比研究,亦无曲度大小对Cobb角测量一致性影响的报道.目的:分析特发性脊柱侧凸曲度对Cobb角测量一致性的影响.方法:4名骨科医师独立测量53例特发性脊柱侧凸患者的94个冠状面曲度,包括53个胸弯和41个胸腰弯/腰弯,2周后打乱排序重新测量.应用组间相关系数判定可靠性和可重复性.结果与结论:94个侧凸角度测量误差平均7.3°(2°～27°),一致性极佳,可信度及可重复性分别为0.972(95%可信区间0.962～0.980)和0.961～0.977.＞45°～70°组41个侧凸,角度测量误差平均6.4°(2°～14°),一致性最佳,可信度0.960(95%可信区间0.935～0.977),可重复性0.914～0.930.20°～45°组31个侧凸,角度测量误差平均6.5.(2°～13°);＞70°组31个侧凸,角度测量误差平均10.1°(3°～27°).两组均取得了好到极佳的可信度[0.933和0.926,95%可信区间(0.884～0.965和0.865～0.965)]和可重复性(0.854～0.912和0.864～0.950).提示不同大小冠状面Cobb角的一致性结果相近,且角度越大,测量误差对一致性的影响越小.     

退变性腰椎侧凸伴椎管狭窄症的手术治疗

目的 评价后路手术矫治退变性脊柱侧凸并椎管狭窄症的临床疗效,探讨退变性腰椎侧凸并椎管狭窄症的外科治疗策略.方法 1998年3月至2010年6月手术治疗退变性脊柱侧凸患者31例,行后路椎板减压、椎弓根钉棒矫形固定,椎间Cage植入,后外侧植骨融合,回顾性分析其手术方法与效果.观察手术前后Cobb角、冠状面平衡、矢状面平衡,采用VAS评分、ODI、VOA评分对手术前后疼痛症状、功能进行评定.结果 腰腿痛均消失,下肢麻木等症状减轻,随访6个月至4.4年,植骨融合良好,矫正度数与椎间隙高度无明显丢失.手术前、后侧凸Cobb角比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,术前冠状面Cobb角38°～56°,平均46.3°±9.2°,术后即刻21.7°±4.2°,矫正率51.5％,末次随访23.9°±5.8°,矫形率45.8％;腰椎矢状面曲度Cobb角-12°～42°,平均27.6°±5.1°,术后即刻-32°～-3°,平均-18.2°±4.9°,末次随访-42° ～-11°,平均-26.4°±8.3°.冠状面平衡C7PL与CSVL间距3.5 ～15.2 cm,平均（8.6±6.1）cm,术后即刻-3.9～1.8 cm,平均（-1.8±1.1）cm,末次随访-2.2～1.5 cm,平均（-1.4±0.9）cm,术后冠状面及矢状面平衡重建良好.VAS评分、ODI术前、术后比较差异有统计学意义,VOA评分本组患者术后疗效为优19例,良7例,可3例,差2例（翻修手术后症状改善最后评分良）,优良率为83.9％.结论 成人退变性腰椎侧凸治疗的主要目的是彻底减压,通过矫形使脊柱重新获得稳定,椎弓根钉棒固定及椎间融合是有效的治疗方法.     

一期半椎体切除术治疗小儿先天性脊柱侧凸30例围术期护理

目的:探讨一期半椎体切除前后路松解术治疗先天性脊柱侧凸惠儿围术期护理方法.方法:对30例先天性脊柱侧凸患儿均行一期半椎体切除+前后路松解+前路或后路器械矫形固定术,术前、术后予以精心护理.结果:本组患儿住院时间7～10 d,平均8 d,无一例并发症发生.术后1用X线复查,Cobb角0°～32°,平均16°,平均矫正率68.7%.随访1年以上21例,Cobb角0°～30°(平均15°).结论:一期半椎体切除前后路松解术治疗小儿先天性脊柱侧凸疗效满意,加强围术期护理可提高手术成功率.     

后路一期360°脊椎截骨术治疗重度脊柱侧、后凸畸形的疗效

目的 评价后路一期360°脊椎截骨术治疗重度脊柱侧、后凸畸形的临床疗效。方法 对26例重度脊柱侧、后凸畸形患者采用后路一期360°脊椎截骨、椎间植骨融合、后路椎弓根钉棒系统矫形内固定术治疗,评价其临床疗效。结果 所有患者均安全接受手术,手术时间4.6～7.5 h,平均5.6 h;出血量1600～4300 mL,平均2570 mL。术后约1周戴支具下地活动,2例术前神经损害者有不同程度恢复。矢状面Cobb角由术前平均75°矫正为32°,矫正率为57.3%;冠状面Cobb角由术前平均47°矫正至11°。所有患者随访8个月以上（8～50个月）,围手术期并发症：切口红肿并分泌物1例,一过性下肢麻木2例,无严重并发症（神经损伤等）发生。1例术后11个月发现固定棒断裂,随访36个月畸形未加重。结论 后路一期360°脊椎截骨术是治疗重度脊柱侧、后凸畸形的有效手段,具有矫正率高、安全有效和临床疗效显著的优点。     

后路单阶段腰椎椎弓根截骨治疗强直性脊柱炎后凸畸形

目的;探讨后路单阶段腰椎椎弓根截骨治疗强直性脊柱炎后凸畸形手术方法及临床疗效.方法:9例强直性脊柱炎后凸畸形患者采用后路单阶段(L3)椎弓根截骨矫形同时使用椎弓根钉棒系统内固定.结果:9例患者均获随访,时间20～46个月,术后后凸畸形均明显改善,术前Cobb'S 角36°～69°(平均50°),颌眉角30°～70°(平均55°).术后Cobb'S角16°～28°(平均24°),颌眉角12°～22°(平均16°).矫正患者后凸畸形,改善了视线水平,提高患者生活质量.结论:后路单阶段腰椎椎弓根截骨并椎弓根钉棒系统治疗强直性脊柱炎后凸畸形方法相对简便,临床效果可靠,是治疗强直性脊柱炎后凸畸形较理想的方法.     

严重脊柱侧后凸畸形患者行后路全脊椎切除术的护理

目的总结后路全脊椎切除术治疗严重脊柱侧后凸畸形患者的护理要点。方法总结2010年9月至2012年7月接受一期后路全脊椎切除术治疗的严重脊柱侧后凸畸形患者44例的临床资料,术前给予心理辅导、完善神经系统和呼吸系统检查,做好肺功能锻炼;术后给予严密病情观察、体位管理、引流管护理,注意观察神经系统功能、呼吸系统功能及脑脊液漏、切口感染情况等。结果术前主弯侧凸Cobb角平均104.6°(43.7°~138.3°),后凸平均89.3°(53.5°~162.9°);术后侧凸平均19.4°(3.1°~35.6°),后凸平均26.3°(19.6°~41.3°)。术后5例患者即刻出现神经系统并发症,3例患者壁层胸膜撕裂行胸腔闭式引流,2例患者呼吸支持时间延长,脑脊液漏和切口感染各1例,均给予对症护理。术后随访3~18个月,12例并发症患者全部好转。结论对于后路全脊椎切除治疗严重脊柱侧后凸畸形患者,精心的手术前后护理是获得满意治疗效果、改善并发症情况的有效保证。     

全脊椎截骨联合阶梯矫形修复僵硬性角状后凸：脊柱-骨盆关系的变化

背景：矢状面平衡的评估与矫正是脊柱后凸畸形取得良好修复效果的关键,脊柱-骨盆参数的测量方法是评估脊柱失平衡的有效方法之一。目的：通过测量后路全脊椎截骨联合阶梯矫形修复僵硬性角状后凸患者的脊柱-骨盆参数,设计手术方案,分析术后腰椎生物力学改变的特点,并评估远期预后。方法：纳入解放军306医院骨科收治的采用全脊椎切除截骨、双侧钉棒联合梯次紧凑闭合脊髓逐步短缩、矫形内固定修复严重脊柱角状后凸畸形的患者37例。于术前、术后、末次随访时测量患者腰椎前凸角、胸椎后凸角、胸腰段后凸角、骨盆倾斜角、骶骨倾斜角、骨盆指数、脊柱骶骨角及矢状面垂轴。观察患者术前、术后的脊柱后凸角、脊柱矢状位失平衡、躯干侧方偏移率、手术时间、术中失血量、随访时间、后凸矫正角度、躯干偏移矫正情况。结果与结论：患者平均手术时间326 min（212-470 min）,术中出血平均2 089 m L（1 200-6 000 m L）,手术共切除104个椎体,截骨平面在T4-L2。术后随访20-35个月,患者术后脊柱后凸角平均41.6°（10°-90°）,矫正率为65%;C7铅垂线距S1后上缘距离术后平均5.2 mm（-12至23 mm）,矫正率为73%。神经并发症2例次,占6%;非神经并发症2例次,占6%。术后患者各解剖参数均较术前显著改善（P〈0.05）。随访期间所有患者的截骨节段均获得骨性融合,无脊髓损伤并发症出现,无矫形角度丢失。通过对僵硬性角状后凸畸形患者术前、术后的脊柱-骨盆测量参数进行测量,能够得出脊柱-骨盆序列的参数关系以及躯干矢状位平衡状态的参数关系,获得截骨角度的技术参数,实现预手术设计,术中选择合适截骨平面,使修复结果更接近于人体脊柱、腰椎的生物力学特点。     

女性青少年特发性脊柱侧凸颈椎形态对康复疗效的影响

目的：观察女性青少年特发性脊柱侧凸（adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS）颈椎矢状面形态特征与康复治疗后Cobb角的变化,分析不同颈椎分型对康复治疗疗效的影响,研究颈椎形态在脊柱侧凸康复治疗中的作用。方法：回顾性分析2016年1月—2021年12月于上海新华医院康复医学科随访的67例女性AIS的基本信息及站立位全脊柱X线片,测量其颈椎前凸角、颈椎矢状面形态、康复治疗前后的冠状面Cobb角,计算Cobb角改变量。根据颈椎矢状面形态,将患者分为颈椎前凸组和颈椎后凸组,比较两组患者康复治疗后Cobb角的变化量。以康复治疗后Cobb角变化量为因变量,女性AIS患者治疗前年龄、身高、体重、颈椎后凸为自变量,进行多元线性回归分析,研究颈椎后凸与康复治疗后Cobb角变化量的关系。结果：67例女性AIS中47例（70.1%）存在颈椎后凸。康复治疗后,颈椎前凸组与颈椎后凸组的Cobb角改变量分别为﹣16.4°（﹣28.5°,﹣9.2°）、4.3°（﹣2.1°,9.0°）,颈椎前凸组的Cobb角改变量较颈椎后凸组小,有显著性差异（P<0.05）。线性回归结果表明颈椎...     

Isola钉棒系统三维矫形改善脊柱侧凸患者冠、矢状面及旋转畸形的改善效果

目的:评价应用Isola钉棒系统矫正脊柱侧凸冠状面、矢状面和轴状面畸形患者的术后功能效果.方法:回顾性分析西安市红十字会医院脊柱科2001-03/2003-06应用Isola钉棒系统治疗脊柱侧凸患者22例.特发性侧凸18例,先天性侧凸4例.男13例,女9例;年龄12～18岁,平均14.5岁;术前冠状面Cobb角45&;#176;～83&;#176;,平均62&;#176;,矢状面Cobb角12&;#176;～54&;#176;,平均34&;#176;,椎体旋转按Nash-Moe分型Ⅰ度6例,Ⅱ度13例,Ⅲ度3例.结果:术后冠状位矫正为20&;#176;～31 &;#176;,矫正率为62%～85%,平均69%,矢状位矫正为21&;#176;～32&;#176;,平均26&;#176;.椎体旋转矫正Ⅰ度.随访9个月～3年,平均2.4年,植骨融合良好,矫正角度丢失率＜4.4%.结论:应用Isola钉棒内固定系统校正脊柱侧凸,利用悬臂技术产生的平移力获得冠状面良好矫正率的同时,可获得矢状面的矫正,并保持躯干平衡.     

Epidemiology of Scheuermann's disease in children and adolescents

Background. The main purpose o fan article is to draw attention to an important orthopedic problem - the Scheuermann's disease. The subject should be of value not only to the orthopedic surgeons but also to pediatricians, rehabilitation specialists, physiotherapists and family practitioners. The main desire of the authors was to remind the most important facts of this disease and pay attention to the epidemiology.
Material and methods. Is this study, all patients hospitalized in Rehabilitation Center in Konstancin have been observed during the last 30 years, the pertentage of incidence of Scheuermann's disease has been counted and the distribution made according to age, sex and home environment (village, city).
Results. The should visualise if the effectiveness of diagnosis and early hospitalization has been improved during last years, to show the ratio between both sexes in predisposition to Scheuermann's disease and to explain whether the place of living has any impact at more common (better) diagnostic system. Also to prove that Scheuermann's disease is very rare (controversial) before 10 years of age.
Discussion and conclusions. At the end the short discussion has been made with respect to most interesting international data.     

Lower back pain in the athlete: common conditions and treatment

Athletes younger than 12 years of age commonly have pathology related to the lower back pain. Spondylolysis is the most common condition in these athletes. Other conditions, including lumbar Scheuermann's disease,scoliosis, disc herniation, fractures, and muscular stains, can occur. Most of the mature general population experiences low back at some time in life.Athletes may be at increased risk, but outcomes are good. The majority of low back pain in mature athletes is mechanical in nature. Herniated discs,spinal stenosis, sacoilitis, and sacral stress fractures can also cause low back pain in these athletes. Low back conditions mentioned above may be treated with rest, specific exercise programs, and medication. Surgery is indicated for severe spinal stenosis, pain with evidence of neurological compromise,and some painful deformities. Newer treatments for back pain are emerging,but few controlled clinical trials are available.     

Hamstring tightness and Scheuermann's disease a pilot study

The lateral radiographs of the dorsal spines of 20 patients presenting with mainly low back pain are studied. These patients had clinically evident loss of flexion in the low dorsal spine and very tight hamstring muscles. 85% of them showed definite evidence of previous Scheuermann's Disease. The possibility that tight hamstrings may be an important factor in the aetiology of this disease is discussed, and a further large scale study is proposed.     

Prevention and treatment of veno-occlusive disease

OBJECTIVE: To review the current options for prevention and treatment of veno-occlusive disease in bone marrow transplant patients. DATA SOURCES: Articles were selected from a MEDLINE search (1966-October 1999) using the key terms veno-occlusive disease and bone marrow transplantation. In addition, references of all articles were examined for articles not found in the computer-based search. DATA EXTRACTION: All clinical trials, case-control studies, and case reports were evaluated. RESULTS: Heparin, low-molecular-weight heparin, prostaglandin E1, ursodiol, and glutamine have been studied for prevention of veno-occlusive disease. Heparin has been studied most extensively; however, no preventive regimen has a defined role in therapy. For treatment, tissue plasminogen activator has been evaluated most thoroughly, yet its safety and efficacy have not been clearly established in patients with veno-occlusive disease. Other possible treatment options include antithrombin-III, defibrotide, glutamine plus vitamin E, and surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the available data, the most promising agents are ursodiol for prevention and defibrotide or glutamineplus vitamin E for treatment of veno-occlusive disease. Further clinical trials are needed to establish the appropriate preventive and treatment options available for bone marrow transplant patients suffering from veno-occlusive disease. To date, such decisions depend largely on poorly designed trials, case reports, and clinical experience.     

Clinical observation and treatment of leptospirosis

The epidemiological and clinical observations of 240 patients with Weil's disease and 10 patients with canicola fever, and these observations in two epidemics of canicola fever, are presented. Early diagnosis is most important for the prognosis of patients with the severe form of leptospirosis. It depends on the clinical features, clinical laboratory findings, and the epidemiological situation. The most characteristic clinical signs for early diagnosis were febrile illness of sudden onset, severe general malaise, muscular pain, and conjunctival congestion. Proteinuria, leukocytosis with neutrophilia, and raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate were the most indicative clinical laboratory findings for early diagnosis. Although jaundice and hemorrhage are the most important signs of the severe form of leptospirosis, Weil's disease, these are rarely useful in early diagnosis. Of a variety of antibiotics used, penicillins and cephems had the lowest minimal inhibitory concentration against leptospires. However, it became apparent from basic studies in vitro and in vivo that streptomycin showed the best bactericidal action against leptospires and that it was the most effective anti-leptospiral antibiotic. Gentamicin, tobramycin, and isepamicin are also effective as alternatives to streptomycin. Although penicillins, cephems, tetracyclines, and macrolides are also effective for the treatment of leptospirosis, when these antibiotics with inadequate bactericidal activity are used for the treatment of the disease, long-term therapy with sufficiently large doses may be required from an early stage of the disease until the appearance of antibodies. Received: August 21, 2000 / Accepted: November 24, 2000     

Gantenerumab for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease

IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD: Alzheimer's disease is the leading cause of dementia in the elderly, and there is no disease-modifying therapy yet available. Immunotherapy directed against the β-amyloid peptide may be capable of slowing the rate of disease progression. Gantenerumab is the first fully human anti-β-amyloid monoclonal antibody. AREAS COVERED: To review the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy drugs and in particular gantenerumab, we used the database MEDLINE. The primary literature on gantenerumab is reviewed in its entirety. We also reviewed the English-language, pre-clinical and clinical trials designed to evaluate the efficacy or/and safety of immunotherapy drugs, from 1999 through 2011. Other Alzheimer's disease-passive immunotherapeutics currently in development, according to www.clinicaltrials.gov, are also discussed. EXPERT OPINION: Gantenerumab appears capable of reducing the cerebral β-amyloid peptide burden in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Its ability to slow disease progression remains uncertain because no clinical data are available at present. The next step will be to investigate whether removal of brain amyloid translates into clinical benefit for patients at doses of gantenerumab that reduce brain amyloid and are well tolerated.     

Scheuermann's disease with low localization. A problem of under-diagnosis

Sequelae after Scheuermann's disease below the level of Th10/Th11 occur commonly and are presumed to produce low back pain in almost all cases. Despite this, the condition is frequently over-looked by both clinicians and radiologists. Of 55 rehabilitees with "low Scheuermann" this had only been diagnosed and acknowledged as a cause of pain in 20 prior to admission to the rehabilitation clinic. In 12 it had been diagnosed radiologically but not acknowledged as a cause of pain, while it had been completely over-looked in 23.     

Diagnosis and treatment of Lyme disease

Lyme disease is the most common tick-borne disease in the United States. This review details the risk factors, clinical presentation, treatment, and prophylaxis for the disease. Information was obtained from a search of the PubMed and MEDLINE databases (keyword: Lyme disease) for articles published from August 31, 1997, through September 1, 2007. Approximately 20,000 cases of Lyme disease are reported annually. Residents of the coastal Northeast, northwest California, and the Great Lakes region are at highest risk. Children and those spending extended time outdoors in wooded areas are also at increased risk. The disease is transmitted to humans through the bite of the Ixodes tick (Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes pacificus). Typically, the tick must feed for at least 36 hours for transmission of the causative bacterium, Borrelia burgdorferi, to occur. Each of the 3 stages of the disease is associated with specific clinical features: early localized infection, with erythema migrans, fever, malaise, fatigue, headache, myalgias, and arthralgias; early disseminated infection (occurring days to weeks later), with neurologic, musculoskeletal, or cardiovascular symptoms and multiple erythema migrans lesions; and late disseminated infection, with intermittent swelling and pain of 1 or more joints (especially knees). Neurologic manifestations (neuropathy or encephalopathy) may occur. Diagnosis is usually made clinically. Treatment is accomplished with doxycycline or amoxicillin; cefuroxime axetil or erythromycin can be used as an alternative. Late or severe disease requires intravenous ceftriaxone or penicillin G. Single-dose doxycycline (200 mg orally) can be used as prophylaxis in selected patients. Preventive measures should be emphasized to patients to help reduce risk.     

心理护理在冠心病患者中的应用及效果观察

目的:探讨心理护理在冠心病患者中的应用方法及临床效果。方法:将180例冠心病患者随机分为对照组和干预组各90例,对照组给予一般冠心病专科护理,干预组在此基础上强化心理干预。比较两组患者临床疗效及干预前后服药依从性情况。结果:干预组护理后临床疗效及服药依从性均优于对照组(P=0.036,P=0.033);干预组护理后服药依从性高于护理前(P=0.006)。结论:心理护理可以明显提高冠心病患者的治疗效果及服药依从性,值得临床推广应用。     

Scoliosis: biomechanics and rationale for manipulative treatment

This paper discusses methods to biomechanically evaluate scoliosis. From a chiropractic point of view, an understanding of the biomechanics of scoliosis is of paramount importance. By understanding the pathogenesis, the chiropractic physician can apply a rational approach to outline a treatment regimen. Spinal curvatures in the median plane change during growth, and in normal children the thoracic kyphosis reduces in size between the ages of 8 to 14. However, the change occurs at different times for boys and girls. Since scoliosis is a lordotic problem, associating lateral curvatures with gender, age, and attitude of the thoracics during growth spurt may answer questions of a female disposition and a male tendency to Scheuermann's disease. Further, this paper evaluates the lateral curvatures of the spine concerning normal curve mechanics and idiopathic scoliosis. Mechanical stability is considered, applying engineering principals to understand buckling and critical loading. By examining the factors of spine slenderness, flexibility and strengths of the trunk muscles, and applying this understanding to curve mechanics-biomechanics of scoliosis, the chiropractor has a rationale for the treatment of mild lateral curves.