防旋髓内钉与动力髋螺钉内固定治疗股骨转子间骨折

背景:防旋髓内钉与动力髋螺钉已被广泛应用于股骨转子间骨折的置入内固定治疗.目的:评估与比较防旋髓内钉与动力髋螺钉置入内固定治疗股骨转子间骨折的效果. 方法:对股骨转子间骨折的临床患者进行随访观察,通过评估患者骨折的愈合情况、并发症发生情况以及关节功能评分综合分析防旋髓内钉与动力髋螺钉内固定治疗股骨转子间骨折的临床效果,并对两种内固定治疗效果进行对比. 结果与结论:防旋髓内钉与动力髋螺钉置入内固定治疗股骨转子间骨折均可以获得较好的治疗效果,但是防旋髓内钉置入内固定治疗股骨转子间骨折置入内固定操作时间更短,出血量更少,并发症的发生率更低,骨折愈合时间更短,髋关节功能优良率更高,是股骨转子间骨折首选置入内固定治疗的方法之一.     

应用动力髋螺钉、Gamma钉与股骨近端髓内钉治疗高龄患者股骨转子间骨折：随机、前瞻设计95例随访分析

目的:对比观察动力髋螺钉、Gamma钉与股骨近端髓内钉治疗高龄患者股骨转子间骨折的生物相容性及临床疗效.方法:选择2006-06/2008-03解放军第二军医大学长海医院骨科收治的股骨转子间骨折患者95例,男26例,女69例,年龄70～88岁.根据Evans分型系统,95例患者随机分为3组,动力髋螺钉内固定治疗组(n=30),Gamma钉内固定治疗组(n=30)和股骨近端髓内钉内固定治疗组(n=35),3组患者分别采用动力髋螺钉、Gamma钉和股骨近端髓内钉进行治疗.记录术中、术后出血量,手术时间,住院时间;观察骨折愈合情况、术后并发症及材料与宿主的组织相容性;术后9个月采用Harris评分标准对患髋进行评估.结果:3组患者均获得随访.①Gamma钉内固定治疗组和股骨近端髓内钉内固定治疗组术中出血量少于动力髋螺钉内固定治疗组(P<0.05):各组间手术时间两两相比差异无显著性意义(P>0.05),但统计结果显示,动力髋螺钉内固定治疗组相对最长,股骨近端髓内钉内固定治疗组相对最短.3组患者住院时间差异无显著性意义(P>0.05).②动力髋螺钉内固定治疗组并发髋内翻1例,伤肢短缩1例.Gamma钉内固定治疗组术后股骨干骨折1例,无伤肢短缩等并发症.股骨近端髓内钉内固定治疗组伤口全部Ⅰ期愈合,无并发症发生.Gamma钉内固定治疗组中2例切开组织液化,2例切开表浅感染,无切开深部感染:动力髋螺钉组中3例出现切开组织液化,2例切开表浅感染,1例切开深部感染.均未出现内固定物切出股骨头或断裂等内固定失效现象.③髋关节Harris功能评分显示,动力髋螺钉内固定治疗组优23例,良4例,可3例,优良率90.0%.Gamma钉内固定治疗组优24例,良4例,可2例,优良率93.3%.股骨近端髓内钉内固定治疗组优32例,良2例,可1例,优良率97.1%.3组间差异无显著性意义(P>0.05).结论:应用动力髋螺钉、Gamma钉和股骨近端髓内钉治疗老年股骨转子间骨折,在疗效方面无明显差异.Gamma钉和股骨近端髓内钉可缩短手术时间、减少术中出血量及术后并发症.对于稳定性骨折,3种内固定装置均可选择,而动力髋螺钉具有价格便宜的优点:对于不稳定性骨折,股骨近端髓内钉、Gamma钉由于生物力学上的优势,都是不错的选择.     

动力髋螺钉、Gamma钉、外固定架3种固定物治疗老年股骨转子间骨折

背景:临床常用动力髋螺钉、Gamma钉、外固定架治疗老年股骨转子间骨折,但如何选择尚没有一个标准可供参考.目的:比较动力髋螺钉、Gamma钉、外固定架3种内固定物治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的效果.方法:对168例老年股骨转子间骨折分别采用动力髋螺钉内固定53例,Gamma钉内固定58例,外固定架57例,比较3组手术时间、出血量、骨折愈合时间和术后并发症,观察术后关节功能.结果与结论:术后随访6～35个月.Gamma钉组平均手术时间99.11 min,长于动力髋螺钉组和外固定架组(P<0.05),外固定架组时间最短(P<0.05).动力髋螺钉组出血量最多,外固定支架组最少,3组比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.05).外固定架组的并发症发生率明显高于动力髋螺钉组和Gamma钉组.骨折愈合时间及髋关节功能优良率3组比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05).提示动力髋螺钉、Gamma钉及外固定架是治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的有效方法,各有优缺点,只要适应证掌握得当,根据病情合理选择固定物均能取得满意疗效.     

防旋髓内钉与动力髋螺钉内固定治疗股骨转子间骨折

背景：防旋髓内钉与动力髋螺钉已被广泛应用于股骨转子间骨折的置入内固定治疗。目的：评估与比较防旋髓内钉与动力髋螺钉置入内固定治疗股骨转子间骨折的效果。方法：对股骨转子间骨折的临床患者进行随访观察,通过评估患者骨折的愈合情况、并发症发生情况以及关节功能评分综合分析防旋髓内钉与动力髋螺钉内固定治疗股骨转子间骨折的临床效果,并对两种内固定治疗效果进行对比。结果与结论：防旋髓内钉与动力髋螺钉置入内固定治疗股骨转子间骨折均可以获得较好的治疗效果,但是防旋髓内钉置入内固定治疗股骨转子间骨折置入内固定操作时间更短,出血量更少,并发症的发生率更低,骨折愈合时间更短,髋关节功能优良率更高,是股骨转子间骨折首选置入内固定治疗的方法之一。     

动力髋螺钉、股骨近端防旋髓内钉和第3代Gamma钉置入内固定后生物力学性能与临床效果的比较

背景:如何选择最适合的内固定方法治疗复杂的股骨转子间骨折,是骨科医生经常面临的问题.目的:比较动力髋螺钉、股骨近端防旋髓内钉、Gamma3三种内固定器械的生物力学性能和临床疗效.方法:制作18具成人股骨标本制成转子间骨折模型,以动力髋螺钉、Gamma3、股骨近端防旋髓内钉固定,用实验应力分析方法,比较其生物力学性能.另外回顾分析392例股骨转子间骨折患者采用以上3种内固定方法的临床效果.结果与结论应力分析结果证明,Gamma3和股骨近端防旋髓内钉的力学性能优于动力髋螺钉(P＜0.05),Gamma3与股骨近端防旋髓内钉无明显差别.临床试验结果显示,动力髋螺钉组患者术中平均失血量最多、内固定后并发症发生率最高(P＜0.05).内固定后髋关节早期Harris评分股骨近端防旋髓内钉组和Gamma3组优于动力髋螺钉组(P＜0.05),远期评分3组差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05).提示A2型骨折不推荐使用动力髋螺钉;A2型伴随明显骨质疏松和A3型应采用股骨近端防旋髓内钉或Gamma3.股骨近端防旋髓内钉、Gamma3内固定器械生物力学性能优良,临床证实是目前比较理想的方法.     

动力髋结合转子稳定钢板与Gamma钉内固定治疗股骨转子间骨折的比较

背景：股骨转子间骨折患者在早期积极有效的内固定治疗可以获得良好的疗效。目的：探讨动力髋螺钉＋转子稳定钢板与Gamma钉置入内固定治疗Evans ⅢB型、IV型股骨转子间骨折的比较。方法：选取上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院崇明分院2009年2月至2012年11月收治的67例Evans ⅢB型、IV型股骨转子间骨折患者,其中动力髋螺钉＋转子稳定钢板治疗28例,Gamma钉治疗39例。所有患者治疗后常规使用抗生素和功能锻炼。回顾性分析两组患者治疗时间、治疗中出血量、骨折愈合时间以及Harris髋关节功能评分。结果与结论：所有患者随访6—45个月,平均随访21个月。①动力髋螺钉＋转子稳定钢板组出现感染1例,经换药半年后拔除内固定治愈,Gamma钉1例肥胖患者治疗后3周下床活动时再次受伤,出现远端锁钉处骨折,经更换长Gamma钉后愈合,Gamma钉组有4例患者因大转子固定欠稳定,卧床时间超过6周出现重症肺炎,经转内科治疗后治愈。②动力髋螺钉＋转子稳定钢板组治疗后出现髋内翻畸形2例,Gamma钉组3例,所有患者骨折均愈合。③动力髋螺钉＋转子稳定钢板组较Gamma钉组治疗时间更长,治疗中出血量明显增多（P〈0．05）,骨折愈合时间及Harris髋关节功能评分,两组比较差异无显著性意义（P〉0．05）。动力髋螺钉＋转子稳定钢板和Gamma钉均是治疗Evans ⅢB型、IV型股骨转子间骨折的有效方法,选择合适的内固定物要根据骨折的稳定性、骨折愈合状况、骨质疏松程度等综合分析。     

动力髋螺钉与防旋阻挡钉联合修复不稳定型股骨转子间骨折

背景：严重的股骨转子间骨折,其抗旋转能力差,单单动力髋螺钉内固定容易失败.如内固定后出现股骨头塌陷、股骨颈短缩、小转子内侧失稳髋内翻、头颈旋转、头颈切割穿钉、钢板拨钉及钢板断裂等现象.故对于不稳定型股骨转子间骨折,动力髋螺钉内固定有一定的局限性.目的：探讨动力髋螺钉联合防旋阻挡钉置入内固定对不稳定型股骨转子间骨折的修复效果.方法：选取96例不稳定型股骨转子间骨折患者,分别实施内固定治疗,其中采用动力髋螺钉组48例,动力髋螺钉联合防旋阻挡钉组48例.从手术时间、术中出血量、X射线暴露次数、骨折愈合时间、内固定后Harris髋关节评分及内固定后并发症等方面进行对比评估.结果与结论：内固定后随访时间为18-36个月.动力髋螺钉组和动力髋螺钉联合防旋阻挡钉组在手术时间、术中出血量、X射线暴露次数、骨折愈合时间方面比较差异无显著性意义（P＞0.05）.动力髋螺钉联合防旋阻挡钉组内固定后髋关节评分（Harris评分）高于动力髋螺钉组（P＜0.05）.动力髋螺钉组内固定后并发症发生率（14％）显著高于动力髋螺钉联合防旋阻挡钉组（4％,P＜ 0.05）.提示单纯动力髋螺钉置入内固定修复不稳定型股骨转子间骨折并发症较多,失败率较高;而动力髋螺钉联合防旋阻挡钉能重建股骨后内侧结构,弥补动力髋螺钉的缺点和不足,对不稳定型股骨转子间骨折的修复有重要价值.     

本刊已出版的“创伤骨科植入物的临床研究”热点文章题录

加压螺丝钉内固定股骨颈骨折的蠕变实验[关键词]加压螺丝钉;内固定;蠕变;力学性质应用动力髋螺钉与Gamma钉治疗70岁以上股骨转子间骨折:随机、前瞻设计的生物相容性随访观察[关键词]Gamma钉;动力髋螺钉;转子间骨折;前瞻性、随机性研究;医     

四种金属植入物内固定修复老年股骨转子间骨折的比较

背景：对于老年股骨转子间骨折如何选择金属植入物,应根据不同患者的年龄、骨质疏松程度、围手术期状态、骨折类型等多因素进行考虑,制定个性化的治疗方案。目的：比较4种不同金属植入物内固定修复老年股骨转子间骨折的疗效。方法：回顾2009年9月至2012年9月收治的180例老年股骨转子间骨折患者,采用4种不同金属植入物内固定进行骨折修复,动力髋螺钉组、防旋型股骨近端髓内钉组、Gamma 钉组和解剖型髋动力带锁钢板组各45例。比较各组手术时间、出血量、住院时间、内固定后Harris评分、骨折愈合时间和并发症发生情况。结果与结论：解剖型髋动力带锁钢板组和防旋型股骨近端髓内钉组手术时间、出血量及住院时间均短于动力髋螺钉组和Gamma钉组（P 〈0.05）,内固定后Harris评分优良率均高于动力髋螺钉组和Gamma 钉组（P 〈0.05）,而前两组间差异无显著性意义（P〉0.05）。解剖型髋动力带锁钢板组和防旋型股骨近端髓内钉组内固定后并发症发生率明显低于Gamma组和动力髋螺钉组（P〈0.05）。提示解剖型髋动力带锁钢板和防旋型股骨近端髓内钉治疗老年转子间骨折内固定可靠、内固定后并发症少,是老年股骨转子间骨折植入物内固定治疗较为理想的选择。     

股骨近端锁定解剖钢板与传统动力髋螺钉置入内固定治疗股骨转子间骨折的比较

背景:目前治疗股骨转子间骨折的内固定有动力髋螺钉、Gamma钉、股骨近端交锁髓内钉等,究竟使用何种内固定目前仍存在争议.近年来股骨近端锁定解剖钢板逐渐被用于治疗股骨转子间骨折.目的:比较股骨近端锁定解剖钢板内固定与传统动力髋螺钉内固定治疗股骨转子间骨折的临床效果.方法:2007-05/2009-06收治股骨转子间骨折患者48例,按随机数字表法分为2组,股骨近端锁定解剖钢板内固定组及传统动力髋螺钉内固定组各24例.比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、伤口引流量、下地时间及内固定后髋关节功能恢复情况.结果与结论:所有患者均获得随访,随访5～18个月,平均12.6个月.两组间伤口引流量、下地时间差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05).解剖钢板组较动力髋螺钉组手术时间更短,术中出血更少(P＜0.05).内固定后两组Harris髋关节功能评分较治疗前明显改善,解剖钢板组优良率更高,但差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05).提示与传统动力髋螺钉内固定相比,股骨近端解剖钢板内固定治疗股骨转子间骨折手术时间短、术中出血量少、术后功能恢复良好,是一种较为理想的治疗手段.     

Endoprosthetic replacement of unstable, comminuted intertrochanteric fracture of the femur in the elderly, osteoporotic patient: a review

PURPOSE: To summarize currently existing evidence regarding prosthetic replacement for the treatment of intertrochanteric (extracapsular) hip fractures and their complications. METHOD: Report of a clinical investigation program conducted at one academic institution and literature review. RESULTS: Although the majority of intertrochanteric fractures can be successfully managed with operative reduction and fixation, some patients may benefit from prosthetic replacement. For older patients with severe osteoporosis or comminution there are some definite advantages of prosthetic replacement over reduction and fixation. If the prosthetic replacement has been properly performed, there is very little concern over immediate ambulation and weight-bearing. This decreases the incidence of postoperative complications, such as pulmonary infection, atelectasis, and pressure sores. In addition, acute prosthetic replacement eliminates the possibility of excessive collapse compromising walking function, mal-union, as well as the uncommon problems of non-union and avascular necrosis. Likewise, hip arthroplasty is an effective salvage procedure after the failed internal fixation of an intertrochanteric fracture in an older patient. Most patients report good pain relief, and surprisingly few serious orthopaedic complications are associated with this procedure.There are, however, a number of methodological concerns regarding previous studies which have examined the use of prosthetic replacement for the treatment of comminuted intertrochanteric fractures or non-union in the elderly patient. Many have been small case series without a control group. There are few comparative studies and even fewer prospective, randomized controlled trials which have compared prosthetic replacement surgery with standard internal fixation techniques in the long run. CONCLUSIONS: Older patients with severe osteoporosis or comminution may benefit from prosthetic replacement to treat intertrochanteric fractures and non-unions. Overall, rigorously conducted prospective randomized clinical trials with long-term follow-up are lacking. Despite these methodological reservations, several authors have reported successful prosthetic replacement for treating intertrochanteric fractures and their complications in elderly patients. Few serious orthopaedic complications are associated with these procedures, and most patients have good pain relief.     

Endoprosthetic replacement of unstable, comminuted intertrochanteric fracture of the femur in the elderly, osteoporotic patient: A review

Purpose: To summarize currently existing evidence regarding prosthetic replacement for the treatment of intertrochanteric (extracapsular) hip fractures and their complications.

Method: Report of a clinical investigation program conducted at one academic institution and literature review.

Results: Although the majority of intertrochanteric fractures can be successfully managed with operative reduction and fixation, some patients may benefit from prosthetic replacement. For older patients with severe osteoporosis or comminution there are some definite advantages of prosthetic replacement over reduction and fixation. If the prosthetic replacement has been properly performed, there is very little concern over immediate ambulation and weight-bearing. This decreases the incidence of postoperative complications, such as pulmonary infection, atelectasis, and pressure sores. In addition, acute prosthetic replacement eliminates the possibility of excessive collapse compromising walking function, mal-union, as well as the uncommon problems of non-union and avascular necrosis. Likewise, hip arthroplasty is an effective salvage procedure after the failed internal fixation of an intertrochanteric fracture in an older patient. Most patients report good pain relief, and surprisingly few serious orthopaedic complications are associated with this procedure.

There are, however, a number of methodological concerns regarding previous studies which have examined the use of prosthetic replacement for the treatment of comminuted intertrochanteric fractures or non-union in the elderly patient. Many have been small case series without a control group. There are few comparative studies and even fewer prospective, randomized controlled trials which have compared prosthetic replacement surgery with standard internal fixation techniques in the long run.

Conclusions: Older patients with severe osteoporosis or comminution may benefit from prosthetic replacement to treat intertrochanteric fractures and non-unions. Overall, rigorously conducted prospective randomized clinical trials with long-term follow-up are lacking. Despite these methodological reservations, several authors have reported successful prosthetic replacement for treating intertrochanteric fractures and their complications in elderly patients. Few serious orthopaedic complications are associated with these procedures, and most patients have good pain relief.     

Endoprosthetic replacement of unstable,comminuted intertrochanteric fracture of the femur in the elderly,osteoporotic patient: A review

Purpose: To summarize currently existing evidence regarding prosthetic replacement for the treatment of intertrochanteric (extracapsular) hip fractures and their complications.

Method: Report of a clinical investigation program conducted at one academic institution and literature review.

Results: Although the majority of intertrochanteric fractures can be successfully managed with operative reduction and fixation, some patients may benefit from prosthetic replacement. For older patients with severe osteoporosis or comminution there are some definite advantages of prosthetic replacement over reduction and fixation. If the prosthetic replacement has been properly performed, there is very little concern over immediate ambulation and weight-bearing. This decreases the incidence of postoperative complications, such as pulmonary infection, atelectasis, and pressure sores. In addition, acute prosthetic replacement eliminates the possibility of excessive collapse compromising walking function, mal-union, as well as the uncommon problems of non-union and avascular necrosis. Likewise, hip arthroplasty is an effective salvage procedure after the failed internal fixation of an intertrochanteric fracture in an older patient. Most patients report good pain relief, and surprisingly few serious orthopaedic complications are associated with this procedure.

There are, however, a number of methodological concerns regarding previous studies which have examined the use of prosthetic replacement for the treatment of comminuted intertrochanteric fractures or non-union in the elderly patient. Many have been small case series without a control group. There are few comparative studies and even fewer prospective, randomized controlled trials which have compared prosthetic replacement surgery with standard internal fixation techniques in the long run.

Conclusions: Older patients with severe osteoporosis or comminution may benefit from prosthetic replacement to treat intertrochanteric fractures and non-unions. Overall, rigorously conducted prospective randomized clinical trials with long-term follow-up are lacking. Despite these methodological reservations, several authors have reported successful prosthetic replacement for treating intertrochanteric fractures and their complications in elderly patients. Few serious orthopaedic complications are associated with these procedures, and most patients have good pain relief.     

人工双极股骨头置换中大转子不同固定方法的比较

背景:钢丝捆绑固定大小转子间骨折在髋关节置换过程中被广泛采用,但对于严重粉碎的骨质疏松骨折可能会加重骨折或无法固定所有骨折块。目的:对比人工双极股骨头置换治疗老年骨质疏松性不稳定转子间骨折中不同固定方法的效果。方法:在人工双极股骨头置换治疗34例骨质疏松性老年患者股骨转子间不稳定骨折中,采用钢丝捆绑固定大转子骨折块19例,采用爱惜邦聚丁酯带针缝线固定大转子骨折块15例。结果与结论:所有大转子骨折均愈合,无骨折移位、关节脱位、假体下沉、断裂、松动等并发症发生。所有患者日常生活能自理,无严重疼痛、功能障碍,疗效满意。两组骨折愈合时间及Hariss评分差异无显著性意义(P>0.01)。爱惜帮捆绑固定组手术时间及术中出血量较钢丝捆绑组少(P<0.01)。表明在人工双极股骨头置换治疗老年骨质疏松伴大转子粉碎的不稳定股骨转子间骨折患者过程中,采用爱惜帮缝合线固定可明显缩短手术时间、减少术中出血量。     

PFN钉置入内固定与人工股骨头置换治疗高龄股骨转子间骨折的比较

背景:PFN钉置入内固定用于治疗高龄股骨转子间骨折已被广泛应用于临床。但人工关节置换是否可以运用于高龄股骨转子骨折患者仍存在争议。目的:比较PFN钉置入内固定与人工股骨头置换治疗高龄股骨转子间骨折疗效的差异方法:选择青海省藏医院骨科高龄股骨转子间骨折患者62例,年龄75～87岁,按治疗方式随机分为PFN钉内固定组、人工股骨头置换组,二组均采用常规手术入路。观察2组患者的手术时间、出血量及髋关节功能、内科并发症等指标。结果与结论:62例高龄股骨转子间骨折患者经切开复位内固定均获得成功。①两组手术时间差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。②人工股骨头置换组术中出血量多于PFN组、术后卧床时间、内科并发症及髋部畸形率均少于PFN组(P<0.05)。人工股骨头置换组术后髋关节Harris评分优于PFN钉内固定组。人工股骨头置换因手术手术创伤较大出血量多,但在术后恢复时间、预防术后内科并发症及髋部畸形方面优于PFN钉内固定组,近期髋关节活动度要优于PFN钉内固定组。     

髓内与髓外固定修复股骨转子间骨折的Meta分析

背景：股骨转子间骨折在治疗上选择髓内固定还是髓外固定仍存在争议。目的：系统评价固定治疗股骨转子间骨折各种髓内固定与髓外固定的疗效。方法：计算机检索MEDLINE数据库、EMBASE数据库、Cochrane图书馆、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国知网等常用中英文数据库,并辅以手工检索,全面查找国内外比较髓内固定和髓外固定治疗股骨转子间骨折的随机对照试验。纳入国内外比较髓内固定与髓外固定治疗股骨转子间骨折疗效的随机对照试验。根据修改后Jadad质量评分量表对纳入研究进行质量评价,并应用统计学软件Stata12.0和RevMan5.1软件进行数据分析,统计方法采用Mantel-Haenszel法。结果与结论：共纳入31项随机对照试验,共计5217例患者。根据修改后Jadad质量评分量表进行评价,纳入的所有研究中19篇方法学质量为高质量,12篇为低质量。Gamma钉组术中股骨骨折（RR=4.00,95%CI：1.80-8.86,P〈0.01）、术后股骨骨折（RR=3.57,95%CI：1.68-7.60,P〈0.01）、内固定切出（RR=1.61,95%CI：1.02-2.52,P=0.04）、再骨折风险（RR=1.58,95%CI：1.09-2.30,P=0.02）和随访期内髋部或大腿部残留疼痛（RR=1.31,95%CI：1.09-1.57,P〈0.01）明显高于滑动髋螺钉组;股骨近端抗旋髓内钉组术中失血明显较滑动髋螺钉组少,髋关节功能Harris评分亦更高,但术中暴露于射线中的时间更长（MD=2.11,95%CI：1.78-2.43,P〈0.01）;髓内髋螺钉组术中失血量明显少于滑动髋螺钉组,但术中暴露于射线中的时间更长（MD=1.20,95%CI：0.88-1.52,P〈0.01）。结果证实,对于稳定型股骨转子间骨折,钉板系统和髓内固定均可取得良好疗效,首选以动力髋螺钉为代表的髓外固定。对于不稳定转子间骨折,髓内系统优于髓外固定系统。     

三种不同金属植入物内固定治疗老年股骨转子间骨折99例的随机对照

背景:目前治疗股骨转子间骨折的方法主要为动力髋螺钉,Gamma钉和股骨近端带锁髓内钉3种,究竟何种内固定更为安全、有效、可靠目前仍存在争议。目的:对比3种不同内固定治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的临床疗效。方法:选取石河子市人民医院骨一科2007-10/2009-12收治的股骨转子间骨折患者90例,依据治疗方式的不同,随机分为动力髋螺钉(DHS)组、Gamma钉组和股骨近端带锁髓内钉(PFNA)组。比较3组患者的内固定时间、出血量、住院时间、骨折愈合及并发症发生情况。结果与结论:90例患者均获得随访,随访时间12～26个月,PFNA组总有效率较DHS组和Gamma钉组高,但差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。PFNA组内固定时间、出血量及住院时间均短于DHS组和Gamma钉组(P<0.05),PFNA组骨痂出现时间和骨折愈合时间与DHS组和Gamma钉组相比差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。PFNA组内固定并发症明显低于DHS组和Gamma钉组(P<0.05)。提示PFNA对骨折端的血循环影响小和骨质破坏少,固定更为牢靠,是治疗老年股骨转子间骨折较为合理的方法。     

股骨近端防旋髓内钉与常用髓内固定治疗成人股骨转子间骨折的Meta分析

背景：目前股骨转子间骨折的治疗主要采用髓外固定和髓内固定两种方式,从理论上来讲,髓内固定后稳定性更好、并发症更少。然而大量不同种类内固定装置的出现和存在,说明这些内固定物均有一定的缺陷和不足。目的：比较股骨近端防旋髓内钉与其他两种常用髓内固定（股骨近端髓内钉、Gamma钉）治疗成人股骨转子间骨折疗效的差异。方法：计算机检索Cochrane图书馆、Medline数据库、Elsevier数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、万方数据库以及手工检索相关文献的参考文献,所有检索截止至2011-12-05。收集股骨近端防旋髓内钉与股骨近端髓内钉、股骨近端防旋髓内钉与Gamma钉固定治疗成人股骨转子间骨折的随机对照试验和非随机对照试验文献,严格评价纳入研究的方法学质量并提取资料。结果与结论：共纳入5个随机对照试验,13个非随机对照试验,共2185例患者,其中股骨近端防旋髓内钉组1013例,股骨近端髓内钉组658例,Gamma钉组514例。资料分析显示,与股骨近端髓内钉相比,股骨近端防旋髓内钉能缩短平均手术时间和减少平均术中出血量,但目前尚无足够证据表明股骨近端防旋髓内钉在术后并发症发生率和术后Harris评分优良率上优于股骨近端髓内钉;与Gamma钉相比,股骨近端防旋髓内钉能缩短平均手术时间和减少平均术中出血量,但目前尚无足够证据表明股骨近端防旋髓内钉在平均住院时间、平均骨折愈合时间、术后并发症发生率和术后Harris评分优良率上优于Gamma钉。     

股骨重建髓内钉治疗股骨干骨折合并同侧股骨颈或转子间骨折(附15例报告)

目的：研究和评价股骨重建髓内钉治疗股骨干骨折合并同侧股骨颈或转子间骨折的临床疗效，探索治疗复杂类型股骨折的有效方法。方法：从1999年10月至2001年7月，对15例股骨干合并同侧股骨颈或转子间骨折的病例采用股骨重建髓内钉治疗。结果：所有病例随访3－21个月，平均14个月，骨折平均愈合时间8个月。无术后感染、股骨头缺血环死及内固定材料断裂等并发症发生，患肢功能良好。结论：股骨重建髓内钉治疗股骨干合并同侧股骨颈或转子间骨折是一种较理想的内固定方法，具有手术创伤小、失血少、固定可靠等优点。闭合复位对骨折端血供破坏小，符合生物学固定原理，有利于骨折愈合。