银强化滴金免疫法检测肾综合征出血热IgM的研究

目的 建立一种检测血清汉滩病毒抗体ＩｇＭ的方法。方法 将汉滩病毒抗原点于硝基纤维膜上,应用Φ１５ｎｍ的羊抗人ＩｇＭ金标抗体与血清标本中的汉滩病毒ＩｇＭ结合,再加银加强试剂,阳性者为棕黑色。结果 整个试验过程需要１０ｍｉｎ,用该法与ＥＬＩＳＡ法对比检测临床标本,结果有良好的一致性,总符合率为９８％。结论 银强化滴金免疫法操作简单,试剂稳定、安全、敏感、快速,适于基层。     

检测HFRS患者血清IgM抗体的快速ELISA捕捉法的建立及其与常规法的比较

建立了检测ＨＦＲＳ患者血清ＩｇＭ抗体的快速ＥＬＩＳＡ捕捉法。通过对微板进行预处理，在稀择液中加入一定浓度的ＰＥＧ和ＮａＣｌ，用快速漱洗３次代替３×３ｍｉｎ洗涤，以及适当提高酶标抗体的使用浓度等措施，加快了反应速度，缩短了反应时间，从包被微板至出结果，仅需１００ｍｉｎ。通过对２１４份ＨＦＲＳ患者血清、３３份健康人血清、１９份其他发热患者血清，以及１５份ＲＦ阳性血清的检测，证明该法特异性强、敏感性高、简便快速、便于推广使用。     

免疫酶斑点法检测汉坦病毒抗原的研究

目的 建立一种新的诊断肾综合征出血热(HFRS)的实验手段。方法 采用R22株、陈株和湖北株3种汉坦病毒接种家兔，制备兔抗汉坦病毒多克隆抗体(抗HTV-IgG)。然后采用混合的3种抗体进行免疫酶斑点法实验(IEDA)，检测患者血清和尿液中的汉坦病毒抗原。同时采用间接免疫荧光法(IFA)检测患者血清中抗汉坦病毒-IgM作对照。结果 经用相关分析，IEDA与IFA检测的结果高度相关。血中汉坦病毒抗原检出率为73．68％，尿中为65．00％。发病5d内，血中检出率为94．34％，尿中检出率为83．33％。5病日内的早期诊断率前者明显高于后者。结论 IEDA与IFA相比，阳性率比后者有较大提高，特别是5病日内的早期阳性率的提高明显，值得用于临床HFRS的早期诊断。     

双抗原夹心法ELISA在检测抗肾综合征出血热总抗体中的应用

目的建立可以检测不同来源血清中抗汉坦病毒抗体的简单、灵敏的方法。方法汉坦病毒核蛋白重组表达纯化后，同时作为捕获作用的固相抗原和检测作用酶标记抗原，建立检测血清中抗汉坦病毒总抗体的双抗原夹心法ELISA法，并与常用的IFA法进行比较分析。结果检测不同血清时特异性为100％，敏感性高于IFA法4～8倍。且不需考虑更换检测试剂，不同来源的血清样本对检测结果没有明显的影响。结论本方法操作简单，成本低，具有较高的敏感性和特异性，适合用于汉坦病毒感染的监测、调查和临床诊断以及宿主动物间病毒感染流行的调查与监测。     

血清肝纤维化指标酶联免疫分析实验和增强化学发光免疫分析系统检测的评价

目的 评价增强化学发光免疫分析系统(Enhanced Chemiluminescence Immunoassay, ECLIA)与酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA),测定血清透明质酸(HA)、层黏蛋白含量(LN)、Ⅳ型胶原(Ⅳ-C)和Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)方法与患者肝纤维化程度的相关性.方法 以患者肝穿病理结果为金标准,分别用ECLIA和ELISA法检测253例患者的4项血清纤维化指标,并分别与病理结果进行比较.结果 两种方法的检测结果均能反映患者从肝炎到肝硬化的肝纤维化逐渐加重的趋势.但与ELISA法比较,ECLIA方法检测的结果与病理结果的相关性较好.结论 ECLIA系统检测血清肝纤维化四项指标,可以更好的反应肝硬化的发展程度.     

酶联免疫吸附试验检测肾综合征出血热病毒抗原最佳条件探讨

本试验表明:以McAb为包被抗体,HRP-SPA为酶标结合物可以将非特异性反应降低接近于零,以患者血清为第二抗体可提变试验敏感性,以OPD或TMB为底物,每步作用60分钟或40分钟、每孔加样0.1ml或0.05ml,结果无明显区别。     

化学发光法和酶联免疫法作为筛选试验测定丙肝抗体的评价

目的比较化学发光法(CLIA)和酶联免疫法(EIA)测抗-HCV对诊断HCV感染的检出率,分析CLIA测定抗-HCV作为HCV感染初筛试验的重要临床意义。方法分别用CLIA、EIA方法检测所有临床标本中的抗-HCV,选取抗-HCV初筛阳性样本进行HCV RNA确认试验。结果 6461例样本中,EIA和CLIA测抗-HCV阳性率分别为2.86%和3.17%;确认试验中,CLIA法抗-HCV阳性与HCV RNA的符合率为97.1%,显著高于EIA组(91.9%)。EIA法测抗-HCV,S:CO>5.0以上,与HCV RNA检测符合率可达100%;弱阳性样本,与HCV RNA符合率为69.7%;CLIA法测抗-HCV,S:CO>2.0以上,与HCV RNA检测符合率可达100%;弱阳性样本,与HCV RNA符合率为92.9%。有31例样本CLIA法抗-HCV和HCV RNA阳性,而EIA法抗-HCV阴性;有4例样本EIA法检测为阳性,而CLIA法和PCR确认试验均为阴性。结论CLIA法测抗-HCV作为HCV感染初筛实验,与传统EIA相比,特异性和阳性预测值更高,有效降低了假阳性率,有利于临床医生对HCV感染患者的早期诊断和治疗。     

微阵列芯片法在抗呼吸道病原体IgM抗体检测中的应用

为评价微阵列芯片法对呼吸道病原体IgM检测的效能及其在诊断近期呼吸道感染中的临床应用价值,以微阵列芯片法(microarray)和ELISA检测1 463例疑似呼吸道病毒感染者(病例组)和806例非呼吸道病原体感染者或健康体检者(阴性对照组)的血清样本.结果显示,与ELISA相比,微阵列芯片法检测结果如下:腺病毒(ad...     

微斑免疫酶技术在检测肾综合征出血热病毒及其特异抗体中的应用

本文报道一种简便且快速的方法—微斑免疫酶技术(MPIPA),检测Vero-E6细胞培养的肾综合征出血热(HFRS)病毒及其特异抗体,并与免疫荧光技术(IFA),酶联免疫吸附技术(ELISA)进行比较。结果,本法用于检测HFRS患者血清IgG抗体和抗HFRS病毒单克隆抗体(McAb),其敏感性介于ELISA和IFA之间;用于检测Vero—E6细胞培养的病毒,阳性结果比IFA和细胞病变(CPE)出现早。MPIPA具有简单,快速、敏感性高、特异性好,结果易判定诸优点,便于基层医疗单位推广应用,适合于临床HFRS血清标本的检测和血清流行病学调查。     

人禽流感酶联免疫诊断方法的建立及其初步应用

目的建立人禽流感H5抗体的酶联免疫检测方法（ELISA）。方法用ELISA法检测疑似高致病性禽流感患者及正常人群血清标本中H5IgG抗体。结果23例疑似高致病性禽流感患者血清样品中有4例H5IsG抗体阳性，阳性率为17．40％，与血凝抑制试验（HI）和微量中和试验（NI）相比较，三者符和率为100％。234例正常人群血清H5 IgG抗体检测均为阴性。结论建立的ELISA方法可用于高致病性人禽流感的血清样品初步筛查。     

Detection of IgM antibodies against cytomegalovirus: comparison of two radioimmunoassays, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunofluorescent antibody test

The sensitivity and specificity of direct antibody radioimmunoassay (RIA), M-antibody capture RIA (MACRIA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) test for the detection of CMV-specific IgM was compared using 40 sera selected from different groups of patients. RIA, MACRIA, and ELISA gave concordant results with thirty-two sera but discordant results with eight sera, of which three were cord sera from congenitally infected babies, three were from immunocompromised patients with recurrent CMV infections, and two were from patients with lymphadenopathy and Paul-Bunnell-positive mononucleosis, respectively. RIA, MACRIA, and ELISA were of similar sensitivity with sera from adult patients, but ELISA was apparently less sensitive than RIA and MACRIA for the detection of CMV IgM in cord serum. By comparison IFA was significantly less sensitive than the other three tests. Rheumatoid factor is reactive in RIA, ELISA, and IFA but can efficiently be removed by absorption with latex-IgG beads or cross-linked human IgG.     

两种纳米金标记p53抗体探针的制备、表征和性质研究

目的制备IgG-Au-HRP和IgG-Au-DNA-HRP两种纳米金标记p53抗体探针,并对其进行生物学特征表征和性质研究。方法利用纳米金粒子与蛋白质非共价吸附和与巯基修饰的寡核苷酸以Au-S键共价结合的特点,将辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)直接或通过寡核苷酸链间接标记在纳米金表面,制备两种多功能纳米金生物探针(IgG-Au-HRP和IgG-Au-DNA-HRP探针);应用透射电镜、紫外-可见光光谱等对纳米金探针性能进行表征,对纳米金探针表面HRP酶活性进行分析,并通过酶免疫标记技术(enzyme linked immuncsorbent assay,ELISA)优化探针制备条件和比较两种探针标记效率。结果①两种新型探针具有良好的单分散性,大小均一,粒径约10nm;②p53蛋白检测效果对IgG-Au-HRP和IgG-Au-DNA-HRP探针制备条件优化结果表明:制备IgG-Au-HRP探针时,HRP分子和p53抗体的最佳比例为10:1;制备IgG-Au-DNA-HRP探针时,DNA和p53抗体的最佳比例为2.5:1;③HRP分子定量检测显示:一个IgG-Au-HRP探针可标记HRP数量约11个,IgG-Au-DNA-HRP探针可标记HRP数量为20个;④两种探针结合ELISA法初步检测p53蛋白判定IgG-Au-DNA-HRP探针比IgG-Au-HRP探针检测蛋白灵敏度高。结论两种新型纳米金探针制备简单,可作为一种新型探针应用于微量蛋白的高灵敏检测。     

Detection of antibodies against circulating cathodic antigen ofSchistosoma mansoni using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

The applicability of aSchistosoma mansoni polysaccharide antigen, circulating cathodic antigen (CCA), for the detection of antibodies inS. mansoni infection was tested in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Antibodies against this secretory antigen were detected in hamster infections after three weeks, while in infected humans anti-CCA antibodies could be demonstrated eight weeks after infection. Antibodies could be demonstrated both in recent and chronic infections in man, but more false-negative results were observed in chronic infections. The antibody response was composed of both IgM and IgG antibodies.This investigation received financial support from the UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases     

Detection of rotavirus-specific IgG antibodies by immunoperoxidase assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

An indirect immunoperoxidase assay (IPA) has been developed for determination of IgG antibodies to rotavirus. The technique employed as antigen, SA-11 infected MA 104 cells, which were air-dried on glass slides and acetone-fixed. In parallel, rota-specific IgG antibodies were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Specific IgG antibodies to rotavirus were determined in sera of healthy children and in sera of patients suffering from gastroenteritis. A good correlation (r = 0.92) and (r = 0.98) for healthy children and patients, respectively, was found between IPA and ELISA techniques. The IPA technique is rapid and simple and positive results, because of the intensive staining, are easily read by low-power light microscope. The potential application of IPA and ELISA methods in serodiagnosis of rotavirus infections is discussed.     

Comparison of the kinetics of puumala virus specific IgM and IgG antibody responses in nephropathia epidemica as measured by a recombinant antigen-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and an immunofluorescence test

Immunoglobulin M and G (IgM and IgG) responses were followed up to 6 months in patients with nephropathia epidemica (NE) by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a recombinant Puumala virus (PUU) nucleocapsid protein as antigen and an immunofluorescence test (IF) using PUU infected, acetone-treated cells as antigen. The recombinant protein was produced by cloning and expressing the nucleocapsid encoding gene of PUU as a polyhistidine fusion protein in Escherichia coli. The product was purified over a metal chelating ion affinity column. On admission, all 17 patients had an IgM response by both methods. The IgM titers decreased significantly by both methods 3 months after onset (ELISA P<0.05 and IF P<0.05). Four of six still had detectable IgM, however at low levels, after 6 months. Presence of specific IgG differed significantly on admission between the two methods: by ELISA 8 of 17 had detectable specific IgG, whereas by IF 15 of 17 had specific IgG (P < 0.02). There were 10 significant titer rises between acute and convalescent serum samples in the same patients by both methods. It is concluded that the IgG antibody response differs in the early phase of NE as measured by a method using a recombinant PUU nucleocapsid protein and a method using PUU infected acetone-treated cells as antigens. Furthermore, the results suggest that it is of importance to rely on specific IgM for serodiagnosis of NE during the acute phase. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, inc.     

广西家鼠型肾综合征出血热病毒的发现和鉴定

目的 从广西各地捕获的鼠肺标本检测汉坦病毒并鉴定其型别.方法 结合广西鼠疫监测采集啮齿类宿主动物,用ELISA法检测鼠肺标本,对汉坦病毒抗原阳性标本通过RT-PCR法扩增部分M片段上的核苷酸序列并测序,将扩增片段的核苷酸序列与已知病毒序列进行比对并分型.结果 在306份鼠肺标本中检测到1株SEO型的出血热病毒,阳性标本为广西沿海地区钦州市捕获的褐家鼠.结论 在广西沿海地区检测到SEO型汉坦病毒,其流行病学意义有待进一步研究.     

深圳市肾综合征出血热患者汉坦病毒基因特征研究

目的 研究深圳市引起肾综合征出血热(HFRS)的汉坦病毒主要型别及分子特征,为该市汉坦病毒的防制提供依据.方法 收集各医院送检HFRS患者急性期血清标本,提取血清中病毒RNA作为模板,采用逆转录-套式PCR扩增汉坦病毒基因组M片段G2区基因并进行序列测定,对汉坦病毒进行基因分型和同源性分析.结果 深圳市HFRS病例男性多于女性,患者发病年龄主要集中在20-60岁,其中20-49岁病例数最多,共发病242例,占发病总数的85.82％.从282例标本中用HTN型特异性引物扩增阳性4例,占1.42％;用SEO型特异性引物扩增阳性50例,占17.73％;总阳性率为19.15％.序列比较分析发现,深圳地区流行的SEO型汉坦病毒核苷酸序列的差异相对较小,其基因的离散度为0％-4.9％.从种系发生树看这些病毒分布在一个分支上,均为S2亚型.HTN型汉坦病毒的变异率较高,其基因的离散度为6.7％-21.0％,二例为H7亚型,二例为H9亚型,均为深圳市首次报道.结论 不同年份引起深圳地区HFRS的汉坦病毒仍以SEO型为主,且病毒变异较小,稳定性较高.首次发现HTN型病例存在.结合流行病学调查资料,证实HTN病例均为输入性病例.     

Detection of Fusarium sp. contamination in corn by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

Fusarium verticillioides is a primary corn pathogen and one of the main producers of fumonisins, a group of mycotoxins that cause several diseases in animals and probably also affect humans. An indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) based on polyclonal antibodies was developed to detect the exoantigen of this fungus in corn and its correlation with traditional methods for mould detection was evaluated. Forty freshly harvested corn samples were analysed for F. verticillioides exoantigens, as well as for total mould count, ergosterol and fumonisin levels in order to evaluate the relationship between these parameters. In addition, F. verticillioides was grown in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth in order to evaluate the correlation between biomass and exoantigen concentration. There was no significant correlation between exoantigen concentration and total mould count, Fusarium sp. count and fumonisin levels. The correlation coefficient between exoantigens and ergosterol content was 0.52 and between biomass and F. verticillioides exoantigens in BHI broth was 0.84. These results suggest that this ic-ELISA has potential for Fusarium sp. detection in corn samples.     

肾综合征出血热病毒结构蛋白在患者尿中融合细胞上的表达及其意义

为了探讨汉坦病毒（ＨＶ）结构蛋白与患者尿融合细胞的关系，采用抗ＨＶ包膜结构蛋白Ｇ２的单克隆抗体ＭｃＡｂ－ＬＶ４８Ａ，抗ＨＶ血凝素的ＭｃＡｂ－３Ｄ８，抗ＨＶ核衣壳蛋白的ＭｃＡｂ－Ａ３５等，分别对３０例肾综合征出血热患者尿液中的融合细胞进行免疫酶染色。结果ＭｃＡｂ－ＬＶ４８Ａ阳性率为７０％（２１／３０）；ＭｃＡｂ－３Ｄ８阳性率为７３％（２２／３０）；ＭｃＡｂ－Ａ３５阳性率为７％（２／３０）。该结果提示，患者尿液中的融合细胞的形成与ＨＶ膜结构蛋白在泌尿系统上皮细胞上的表达有密切关系。