酮康唑固体分散体及共研磨物的制备及其体外溶出作用研究

目的:制备酮康唑固体分散体及其共研磨物并考察其体外溶出作用。方法:分别以聚乙二醇(PEG)、聚维酮(PVP)和泊洛沙姆(F68)作为载体材料,采用熔融法或溶剂法制备药物与载体不同比例(1∶1、1∶3、1∶5、1∶10)的酮康唑固体分散体;另制备药物与低取代羟丙基纤维素(L-HPC)不同比例(1∶0.5、1∶1、1∶1.5)的酮康唑共研磨物;研究各固体分散体和共研磨物的体外溶出情况,同时与酮康唑原料药进行比较。结果:与原料药比较,载药固体分散体和共研磨物可以显著提高酮康唑的溶出水平,且溶出速率随着载体比例的增加而增大,各固体分散体(1∶10)和共研磨物(1∶1.5)在20min时累积溶出率均大于90%,而原料药低于50%。结论:酮康唑制成固体分散体和共研磨物可以显著提高其体外溶出度。     

卡维地洛固体分散体的初步研制

目的:制备卡维地洛固体分散体并考察其体外溶出度。方法:以聚乙二醇(PEG)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)的混合物(2∶1、1∶2)为载体,采用溶剂熔融法和共沉淀法制备载体与药物不同比例的固体分散体并比较其体外溶出度。结果:药物溶出度随载体比例增加而增加;载体与药物比例越小,固体分散体与药物原料粉之间溶出度差异越显著;PEG∶PVP(1∶2)所制分散体体外溶出行为较优,以3、10、30、60min时溶出百分率进行比较,固体分散体是药物原料粉的3～8倍。结论:所制卡维地洛固体分散体能增加药物体外溶出度。     

淫羊藿素-泊洛沙姆188固体分散体的制备及溶出度研究

目的:制备淫羊藿素-泊洛沙姆188固体分散体以提高淫羊藿素的溶出度。方法:以泊洛沙姆188为载体,采用熔融法制备固体分散体。通过体外溶出度比较,考察了载体泊洛沙姆188的用量(淫羊藿素-泊洛沙姆188质量之比为5∶1、3∶1、2∶1、1∶1、1∶3、1∶5、1∶7、1∶9、1∶11、1∶13、1∶15、1∶17、1∶19、1∶27、1∶31)、熔融温度(60、70、80℃)、冷却温度(-20、0、20℃)对固体分散体中淫羊藿溶出度的影响;同时比较了淫羊藿素原料药及其物理混合物、固体分散体的体外溶出度以证实固体分散体的形成。结果:所制固体分散体的淫羊藿素溶出度在一定程度上随载体比例增加而增加,当淫羊藿素与载体之比为1∶17~1∶27时淫羊藿素在120min时的溶出度均在90%以上;熔融温度、冷却温度经综合分析后分别确定为60、0℃;在溶出30 min时,固体分散体的溶出度是物理混合物的1.5倍。结论:制备的固体分散体显著提高了淫羊藿素的溶出度。     

阿司匹林固体分散体及其胶囊的制备与体外溶出度研究

目的:制备阿司匹林固体分散体及其胶囊,并研究其体外溶出度。方法:以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为载体,采用喷雾干燥法制备阿司匹林固体分散体,比较阿司匹林原料药、阿司匹林与载体不同比例的物理混合物和固体分散体的溶出度;采用X-射线衍射和扫描电镜考察药物在载体中的分散状态,测定比表面积;考察阿司匹林固体分散体胶囊的体外溶出度。结果:与阿司匹林原料药、阿司匹林物理混合物比较,阿司匹林固体分散体中药物的溶出度均有提高,且载体比例越大,药物溶出越快,但药物-载体比例达1∶6以上时,溶出度增加不再明显;阿司匹林以无定型或分子形式高度分散在载体中;药物-载体在l∶6时,阿司匹林固体分散体比阿司匹林原料药的比表面积增大3.2倍;制成固体分散体胶囊后,30 min时药物累积溶出度达99.8%。结论:该固体分散体制备工艺可行,制备的胶囊质量可控。     

间尼索地平固体分散体的研制

目的:将难溶性药物间尼索地平制备成固体分散体,以增加其溶解度及体外溶出度。方法:以泊洛沙姆为载体,共沉淀法制备间尼索地平固体分散体。采用差示扫描量热分析(DSC)方法鉴别药物在载体中的存在状态,并进行溶解度和体外溶出度研究。结果:DSC显示间尼索地平与泊洛沙姆形成了低共熔物,间尼索地平原料药及其与泊洛沙姆不同比例的固体分散体(1∶3、1∶5、1∶7)的溶解度分别为0.89、4.50、15.35、23.03mg·L-1,120min时的累积溶出百分率分别为26.80%、38.57%、41.38%、45.92%,固体分散体的溶出度高于同比例的物理混合物。结论:以泊洛沙姆为载体制备间尼索地平固体分散体,可增加药物的体外溶出度和溶解度。     

艾地苯醌固体分散体的制备及体外溶出度研究

目的:制备艾地苯醌固体分散体,并考察其体外溶出度。方法:以泊洛沙姆407(P407)为载体,单因素考察不同制备方法(熔融法和溶剂法)和不同药载比(1∶1、1∶3、1∶8)对药物溶出度的影响,并采用差式扫描量热(DSC)、X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)鉴别药物在固体分散体中的存在状态。结果:以溶剂法制备的药载比为1∶3的艾地苯醌固体分散体,其体外溶出度约为80%。艾地苯醌在固体分散中主要以无定型或分子状态存在。结论:成功制得体外溶出度较高的艾地苯醌固体分散体。     

喷雾干燥法制备阿司匹林固体分散体及其胶囊制备与体外特性研究

目的 制备阿司匹林固体分散体及其胶囊,提高其溶出度。方法 以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP K 30)为载体,采用喷雾干燥法制备阿司匹林固体分散体,测定溶出度,采用X-射线衍射和扫描电镜(SEM)考察药物在载体中的分散状态,测定比表面积;制备阿司匹林固体分散体胶囊,考察胶囊的体外溶出度。结果 与阿司匹林原料药、阿司匹林物理混合物相比,阿司匹林固体分散体中药物的溶出度均有显著提高,且载体比例越大,药物溶出越快,但药物和载体比例达1∶6以上时,溶出度增加不再明显。阿司匹林以无定型或分子形式高度分散在载体中,药辅比在l∶6时,阿司匹林固体分散体比阿司匹林原料药的比表面积增大3.2倍;制成固体分散体胶囊后,30 min时药物累积溶出度达99.8%。结论 该固体分散体制备工艺可行,制备的胶囊质量可控。     

格列喹酮固体分散体的制备及溶出度测定

目的:制备格列喹酮固体分散体并考察其体外溶出性。方法:以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮K30(PVP)、聚乙二醇6000(PEG)为载体,溶剂熔融法和溶剂法制备格列喹酮固体分散体,并与原料药比较体外溶出度。结果:载体比例越大,药物溶出愈快。载体为PVP所制固体分散体的体外溶出行为总体优于载体为PEG者。格列喹酮-PVP固体分散体(1∶7)10min内体外溶出度达到70%以上,优于格列喹酮原料药。结论:成功制备了格列喹酮固体分散体。     

固体分散体技术改善吴茱萸次碱溶出特性的研究

目的:制备吴茱萸次碱(Rut)固体分散体,提高Rut体外溶出度.方法:分别以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为载体,采用溶剂-共沉淀法,制备含不同辅助载体的Rut固体分散体;采用差示热分析和X-射线衍射分析对固体分散体进行物相鉴别,并进行体外溶出度试验;考察载体用量、载体中表面活性剂的加入和不同溶出介质对药物溶出特性的影响.结果:Rut以微晶形式存在于固体分散体中;其中,以微粉硅胶和乳糖为辅助载体制备的Rut-PVP-微粉硅胶(1∶2∶1)和Rut-PVP-乳糖(1∶2∶2)固体分散体,其累积溶出度较其物理混合物提高了约6倍.结论:Rut-PVP-微粉硅胶(1∶2∶1)和Rut-PVP-乳糖(1∶2∶2)固体分散体可显著提高药物的溶出速度和程度.     

瑞戈非尼固体分散体的制备及体外溶出度考察

目的采用固体分散技术提高难溶性药物瑞戈非尼的体外溶出度。方法选用聚维酮K30为载体,以溶剂法制备不同比例的瑞戈非尼固体分散体;采用紫外分光光度法测定其溶出度;采用X-射线粉末衍射法分析药物在固体分散体中的存在状态。结果瑞戈非尼固体分散体的溶出度较原料药、物理混合物均有显著提高,且载体比例越大,固体分散体溶出度越大;瑞戈非尼以无定形态分散在载体中。结论采用固体分散技术可有效提高瑞戈非尼的体外溶出度。     

共研磨法改善尼群地平体外溶出度的研究

目的:采用共研磨法改善尼群地平的体外溶出度。方法:设计单因素试验考察药物与辅料的共研相数(单相、两相和三相)、共研辅料种类(微晶纤维素(MCC)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮k30(PVPk30)、羟丙基纤维素(HPC)、羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC))、共研时间(0、10、20、30、40、50、60min)及主药与共研辅料MCC比例(1∶1、1∶2、1∶3、1∶4、1∶5、1∶6、1∶7、1∶8、1∶9)对尼群地平粉末及片剂体外溶出度的影响。结果:确定共研磨法条件为共研相数为两相,辅料为HPC或MCC,共研时间40min,主药与MCC比例1∶4。在此条件时,共研粉末的药物10min累积溶出百分率可达80%以上,共研粉末片剂40min可达80%以上。结论:难溶性药物尼群地平在适当条件下采用共研磨法可以显著改善其体外溶出度。     

红毛新碱固体分散体的制备及大鼠在体肠吸收研究

目的采用固体分散体技术改善红毛新碱的溶解度,增加其胃肠道吸收。方法以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为载体,正交实验设计优化红毛新碱固体分散体制备工艺;大鼠在体单向肠灌流法考察肠道吸收情况。结果红毛新碱固体分散体的制备工艺为:红毛新碱和载体质量比为1∶12;溶剂用量比为4∶3;溶剂蒸发温度为65℃;冷冻时间为4h;制备工艺优化的固体分散体平衡溶解度为690.2±9.8μg·mL-1,比红毛新碱提高了33倍,1h累积溶出百分率达94%,比红毛新碱提高近5倍;且固体分散体显著提高了相同质量浓度红毛新碱的在体肠吸收速率常数和表观吸收系数(P<0.05)。结论固体分散体技术提高了红毛新碱的溶解度和溶出速率,增加了其肠道吸收。     

复合载体齐墩果酸固体分散体的制备及评价

目的：制备复合载体齐墩果酸固体分散体,提高齐墩果酸的溶出度。方法：采用溶剂法,以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP VA64）和聚乙烯己内酰胺-聚乙酸乙烯酯-聚乙二醇接枝共聚物（Soluplus）为复合载体,制备齐墩果酸固体分散体,以累积溶出度为评价指标,考察不同载体比例,药物与载体比例,筛选最佳工艺。通过差式扫描量热法（DSC）、扫描电镜（SEM）、傅里叶红外光谱（FTIR）、粉末X 射线衍射（XRPD）等技术手段对其表征,并考察其溶出度。结果：Soluplus和PVP VA64复合载体比例为3∶2,药物与载体比例为1∶7,制备固体分散体,在45 min时累积溶出度为92.43%,DSC、SEM、XRPD、FTIR等表征结果显示药物以无定形状态存在于固体分散体中,且药物与载体之间存在氢键相互作用。结论：Soluplus和PVP VA64作为复合载体材料,联合应用可显著提高齐墩果酸的体外溶出度。     

浙贝提取物固体分散体的制备及溶出特性研究

目的：制备浙贝提取物固体分散体,考察其中贝母素甲及贝母素乙的溶出效果,从而确定制备的最佳方法和最佳比例。方法：选择聚乙二醇6000（PEG6000）与聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP K30）两种载体材料,分别采用熔融法和溶剂法制备浙贝提取物固体分散体;通过比较提取物、固体分散体的溶出性能,确定最佳工艺。结果：使用HPLC-ELSD法测定贝母素甲及贝母素乙的溶出量,结果准确、可靠、稳定。制备成固体分散体能显著提高贝母素甲及贝母素乙的体外溶出速度;PEG6000作为载体的浙贝提取物固体分散体溶出速度快于PVP K30为载体的浙贝提取物固体分散体。结论：以PEG6000为载体,采用熔融法制备的药物/载体比例为1∶6的固体分散体能显著提高浙贝提取物中贝母素甲及贝母素乙的溶出速率。     

Solid state stability of ketoprofen in the presence of different excipients

Physical mixtures of ketoprofen (KT) were prepared using different excipients, namely, lactose, mannitol, sorbitol, beta-cyclodextrin, polyvinylpyrolidone (PVP) K30, polyethyleneglycol (PEG) 20,000 and urea in a ratio of 2:1 (drug/excipient). The prepared samples as well as KT alone were stored at 40, 50 and 60 degrees C in sealed glass vials for 12 weeks. The fresh and stored samples were subjected to physical examination and instrumental analysis including m.p., IR and dissolution rate. KT without additives was found to be physically stable or when mixed with either lactose, mannitol, sorbitol or beta-cyclodextrin for 12 weeks at 60 degrees C. The m.p. of the drug alone or in presence of these excipients did not change. Also IR showed no change. On the other hand, KT mixtures with PVP K30, PEG 20,000 or urea were physically unstable on storage at 40, 50 and 60 degrees C. Their m.p. were found to decrease; the IR curves were also changed. All the tested excipients enhanced the dissolution of KT from its physical mixtures and could be arranged according to the extent of dissolution as follows: Lactose = Mannitol > beta-cyclodextrin > PVP K30 = Urea > Sorbitol > PEG 20,000.     

固体分散技术提高枸橼酸莫沙必利片溶出度的研究

目的考察固体分散技术对枸橼酸莫沙必利片的体外溶出度的影响。方法以聚维酮K30为载体制备枸橼酸莫沙必利片固体分散体,紫外分光光度法对其体外溶出度进行测定。结果聚维酮K30-枸橼酸莫沙必利比例大于2∶1(w/w)时所得枸橼酸莫沙必利片5 min累积溶出量接近100%,而市售品溶出缓慢,5 min累积溶出量约为50%,30min累积溶出量约为90%。结论采用固体分散技术制备的枸橼酸莫沙必利片能显著提高枸橼酸莫沙必利的溶出速率。     

A novel solid dispersion system for natural product-loaded medicine: silymarin-loaded solid dispersion with enhanced oral bioavailability and hepatoprotective activity

Abstract

A surface-attached silymarin-loaded solid dispersion with improved dissolution profile and enhanced oral bioavailability was formulated using silymarin, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and Tween 80 in water. In this solid dispersion, hydrophilic PVP was adhered onto the surface of crystalline drug rendering silymarin hydrophilic without changing its crystallinity. The drug solubility from the optimised solid dispersion prepared with silymarin/PVP/Tween 80 at the weight ratio of 5/2.5/2.5 increased by almost 650-fold compared to drug powder. The drug was physically and chemically stable in the solid dispersion for at least 6 months. Moreover, the solid dispersion enhanced the oral bioavailability of the drug in rats by almost 3-fold compared to the commercial product. The silymarin-loaded solid dispersion also exhibited advanced hepatoprotective bioactivity against CCl₄-induced liver damage compared to silymarin or the commercial product. Thus, this silymarin-loaded solid dispersion would be useful for the enhancement of oral bioavailability and hepatoprotective activity of poorly water-soluble silymarin.     

A novel surface-attached carvedilol solid dispersion with enhanced solubility and dissolution

A novel surface-attached, spray-dried solid dispersion containing poorly water-soluble carvedilol (CV) without any change in the crystallinity was prepared using water, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K30) and Tween 80. The solid dispersion was optimized by investigating the effects of the weight ratios of Tween 80/PVP K30 and carrier/drug on the aqueous solubility of CV. The optimum solid dispersion consisted of a relatively low carrier to drug weight ratio: the weight ratio of CV/PVP K30/Tween 80 was 12/4/2. Unlike conventional methods of solid dispersion preparation, this method yielded CV-loaded solid dispersion with no change in the crystallinity of the drug as was evident from SEM, DSC and XRD. It was demonstrated that the solid dispersions prepared had hydrophilic carriers attached to the surface of the drug, thus changing it from a hydrophobic to a hydrophilic form without changing the crystalline form. The optimized solid dispersion improved the drug solubility and dissolution rate by about 11,500-fold and twofold, respectively. It was further suggested that this method of solid dispersion preparation is better than conventional methods in terms of environmental and industrial standpoints. Thus, it was concluded that CV-loaded solid dispersion prepared using this method would be of use for delivering poorly water-soluble CV with enhanced solubility and dissolution, but without crystalline changes.