高乌甲素联合芬太尼用于神经外科患者术后镇痛

目的观察高乌甲素（Lappaconitine,LA）联合芬太尼用于神经外科患者自控静脉镇痛（PCta）的效果,探讨其对神经外科术后应激反应及机体免疫功能的影响。方法30例择期开颅手术的患者,年龄28～63岁,ASAI～Ⅱ级,随机分为两组。芬太尼组（I组,n=15）：术后镇痛给予芬太尼12．0μg／kg＋昂丹司琼0．15mg／kg;高乌甲素组（Ⅱ组,舻15）：术后镇痛给予高乌甲素0．4mg／kg＋芬太尼6．0gg／kg＋昂丹司琼0．15mg／kg。手术结束前30min,负荷镇痛I组静脉给予芬太尼1．0μg／kg＋昂丹司琼0．08mg／kg,H组静脉给予高乌甲素0．08mg／kg＋昂丹司琼0．08mg／kg,手术结束后即刻连接静脉镇痛泵。分别记录术后6h、24h和48h各时间点的VAS评分,Ramsay评分及不良反应发生情况;用放射免疫法检测术后6h和24h外周静脉血血浆内皮素-1（ET-1）和白细胞介素-2（IL-2）表达水平。结果与I组相比,Ⅱ组术后6h、24h和48hVAS评分和Ramsay镇静评分之间差异无统计学意义。与I组相比,Ⅱ组术后恶心呕吐评分显著降低（P〈0．05）;I组有呼吸抑制发生CP〈0．05）。与术前相比,I组和Ⅱ组术后6h和24h血浆ET-1水平显著降低（P〈0．05）;与I组相比,Ⅱ组术后6h和24h血浆ET-1水平无明显变化。与术前相比,I组术后6h和24h血清IL-2水平显著降低（P〈0．05）;与I组相比,Ⅱ组术后6h和24h血清IL-2水平显著升高（P〈0．05）。结论高乌甲素联合芬太尼用于神经外科开颅手术患者自控静脉镇痛效果与单纯使用芬太尼相似,并降低恶心呕吐和呼吸抑制发生;同时能够抑制机体应激反应,增强机体的免疫功能。     

胸腺五肽乙酯的抗应激作用研究

目的考察胸腺五肽乙酯的抗应激作用。方法（1）抗热应激作用：昆明系小鼠,共6组,在22℃条件下适应2天。除空白组外,其他小鼠放于42℃恒温孵箱中作用1h。在此期间禁水禁食。空白组和模型组皮下注射生理盐水0．2ml,试验组给予胸腺五肽乙酯生理盐水溶液,高剂量组2mg／kg、中剂量组0．2mg／kg、低剂量组0．02mg／kg,阳性对照组给予TP50．2mg／kg。（2）抗慢性应激作用：昆明系小鼠,共6组,置于22℃环境中,自由食水,可以自由活动。除空白组外,其余小鼠接受2l天不同的应激刺激,每口1次,平均每种刺激3次。于每日进行刺激前1h皮下注射给药,空白组和模型组每天给予生理盐水0．2ml,试验组给予胸腺五肽乙酯生理盐水溶液,高剂量组2mg／kg、中剂量组0．2mg／kg、低剂量组0．02mg／kg,阳性对照组给予TP50．2mg/kg。分别在热应激模型和慢性应激小鼠模型上,通过放射免疫分析法测定血浆皮质醇、IL-2含量,以羟胺法测定血浆SOD水平。结果胸腺五肽乙酯能抑制应激小鼠的皮质醇增高效应,并提高血浆IL-2水平和SOD活力,与模型组和阳性对照组相比有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论胸腺五肽乙酯具有明显的抗应激作用。     

共轭亚油酸对铅脂质过氧化损伤的保护作用

目的探讨共轭亚油酸（CLA）对铅致小鼠脂质过氧化损伤的保护作用。方法50只昆明种健康成年小鼠随机等分为正常对照组、醋酸铅组（100mg／kg）和3个CLA保护组（50mg／kg，100mg／kg，200mg／kg），保护组采用铅和共轭亚油酸共同灌胃，各动物按体重0．1mL／10g计算灌胃体积，隔日灌胃一次，共4周。检测小鼠心、脑和肝脏脏器系数及血清、肝组织中MDA含量及SOD、GSH-Px活性。结果铅染毒组小鼠脏器系数增大（P〈0．05），SOD和GSH-PX活性下降（P〈0．05），MDA含量升高（P〈0．05）。中、高剂量CLA保护组小鼠脏器系数、SOD和GSH-PX活性以及MDA含量与铅损伤组比较，差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论CLA对铅所致氧化损伤有保护作用。     

褪黑素对大鼠肝缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用研究

目的 探讨褪黑素（MT）对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及其作用机制。方法 成年Wister大鼠60只分为假手术组、手术对照组、手术＋VitC组（125mg／kg）、手术＋MT1组（0．2mg／kg）、手术＋MT2组（1mg/kg）、手术＋MT3组（5mg／kg）。测定各组大鼠肝缺血40min再灌注90min后血清中ALT、AST水平和肝组织中的丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）含量，电镜观察肝细胞线粒体的结构变化。结果 与对照组相比，MT组血清ATT和AST值上升幅度明显降低（均P〈0．01）；MT组的肝组织中MDA含量显著降低，SOD、CAT的含量明显提高（P〈0．01）；MT组肝组织HE染色光镜观察肝小叶结构保存较完整，肝细胞肿胀减轻；电镜观察肝细胞线粒体结构保存较完整。结论 MT对大鼠肝缺血再灌注致肝损伤具有保护作用。其保护机制可能是通过维持肝组织内SOD、CAT含量，清除氧自由基，抗脂质过氧化，稳定细胞膜性结构来实现的。     

天麻粉改善脂肪乳剂灌胃大鼠肝脏脂肪变性的实验研究

目的研究天麻粉对脂肪乳剂灌胃大鼠肝脏脂肪变性的作用。方法采用雄性SD大鼠,以脂肪乳剂灌胃建立高血脂和脂肪肝模型。共28只大鼠随机分为4组,分别为基础饲料对照组、脂肪乳剂灌胃组、脂肪乳剂灌胃＋天麻粉250mg／kg和525mg／kg组,每组7只,疗程28d。实验前后测定大鼠体重、血清总胆固醇（CHO）、三酰甘油（TG）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL—C）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）和谷草转氨酶（AST）。实验结束后处死动物,取肝脏称重并计算肝指数。取肝组织固定、切片,H＆E染色进行病理学检查观察肝脏脂肪变性程度并照相。另取部分肝组织提取脂肪测定其中CHO和TG含量。结果脂肪乳剂灌胃28d后大鼠出现显著高脂血症,肝脏重量和肝指数显著增加;与基础饲料对照组比较,脂肪乳剂灌胃组7只大鼠均出现中、重度肝脏脂肪变性,肝脏CHO和TG含量增加以及肝功能损害。脂肪乳剂灌胃＋天麻粉525mg／kg组大鼠血清中CHO、LDL—C和TG水平较脂肪乳剂灌胃组分别降低24．6％、23．2％和30．4％,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。脂肪乳剂灌胃＋天麻粉250mg／kg组大鼠肝脏重量和肝指数较脂肪乳剂灌胃组分别减少约15．4％和14．8％（P〈0．05）,脂肪乳剂灌胃＋天麻粉525mg／kg组则分别减少25．1％和24．2％（P〈0．01）。脂肪乳剂灌胃＋天麻粉250mg／kg组7只大鼠中有3例轻度和4例中度肝脏脂肪变性,较脂肪乳剂灌胃组有改善（P〈0．05）;脂肪乳剂灌胃＋天麻粉525mg／kg组7只大鼠肝脏脂肪变性均轻度,较脂肪乳剂灌胃组有极显著改善（P〈0．01）。与脂肪乳剂灌胃组比较．脂肪乳剂灌胃＋天麻粉250mg／kg组大鼠肝脏TG含量减少约19．0％（P〈0．05）;脂肪乳剂灌胃＋天麻粉525mg／kg组大鼠肝脏CHO和TG含量分别减少约21．2％（P〈0．05）和33.3％（P〈0．01）。相应的,天麻粉治疗后大鼠肝功能得到显著改善．脂肪乳剂灌胃＋天麻粉250mg／kg组大鼠血清ALT和AST水平较脂肪乳剂灌胃组分别下降20．1％和19．0％（P〈0．05）,脂肪乳剂灌胃＋天麻粉525mg／kg组则分别下降33．1％和28．3％（P〈0．01）。结论天麻粉在脂肪乳剂灌胃的大鼠中具有显著的降血脂、减少肝脏脂肪蓄积、减轻肝脏脂肪变性以及改善肝功能的作用。     

壬基酚和辛基酚对子代雄性大鼠肝脏的氧化损伤作用

目的：研究环境雌激素壬基酚（nonylphenol,NP）、辛基酚（octylphenol,OP）对子代雄性大鼠肝脏的氧化损伤作用并初步探讨壬基酚和辛基酚的联合作用。方法：将70只初成年雌性SD大鼠随机分为7组,即玉米油溶剂对照组和染毒组。染毒组包括：NP低、高剂量组（50、200mg／kg）;OP低、高剂量组（80、320mg／kg）和NP、OP联合染毒低、高剂量组（NP50mg／kg＋OP80mg／kg、NP200mg／kg＋OP320mg／kg）。隔日染毒60d后与未染毒的雄性成年大鼠交配,哺乳期继续染毒。将雄性子代大鼠饲养至成年,处死,称量其肝脏重量并检测其中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、丙二醛（MDA）含量。结果：染毒组动物的体重和肝脏重量低于对照组（P〈0．05）;与对照组相比,染毒组肝脏中SOD、CAT、MDA含量差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;混合染毒组与单独染毒组之间有差异（P〈0．05）。结论：壬基酚和辛基酚对子代雄性大鼠肝脏有氧化损伤作用,二者的联合作用表现为相加作用。     

地佐辛、芬太尼及芬太尼联合曲马多用于全子宫切除术后镇痛的临床效果比较

目的比较地佐辛、芬太尼、芬太尼联合曲马多用于全子宫切除术后静脉镇痛的效果及不良反应。方法将60例择期行全子宫切除全麻患者,随机分为地佐辛组（D组）、芬太尼组（F组）及芬太尼联合曲马多组（FT、组）三组,分别以地佐辛0．8mg／kg,芬太尼0．016mg／kg,芬太尼0．008mg／kg联合曲马多6．5mg/kg持续静脉镇痛。记录并比较术后48h内视觉模拟疼痛（VAS）评分、Ramsay评分及不良反应。结果三组术后镇痛效果VAS组内比较差异无统计学意义。术后6h、12hD组VAS评分均明显低于FT组（P〈0．05）。术后0．5h、6h、12hD组Ramsay评分均明显高于F组（P〈0．05）。术后D组恶心呕吐发生率明显低于FT组（P〈0．05）。结论地佐辛0．8mg／kg术后静脉镇痛效果优于芬太尼0．016mg/kg和芬太尼0．008mg／kg联合曲马多6．5mg／kg,不良反应发生率较低。     

青春期前DEHP暴露对雌性大鼠机体发育及卵巢脂质过氧化的影响

目的：研究邻苯二甲酸二乙基己酯（DEHP）对青春期前雌性大鼠机体发育及卵巢组织脂质过氧化水平的影响。方法：将40只4周龄雌性Wistar大鼠，随机分成0，50，150，500mg／（kg·d）剂量组。每周连续染毒5天，染毒4周，于末次染毒24小时后进行阴道涂片并处死处于动情间期的动物。用分光光度法测定组织和血中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、过氧化氢酶（CAT）酶的活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量。结果：500mg／kg剂量组肝脏重量、肝脏系数及肾脏重量高于对照组，差异具有显著性（P〈0．05）；DEHP染毒500mg／kg组的卵巢中SOD活性，与对照组和其他剂量组相比显著下降（P〈0．05）。DEHP各染毒剂量组卵巢和血中CAT活性和MDA含量与对照组相比无明显差异（P〉0．05）。结论：青春期前DEHP暴露对雌鼠的肝脏及肾脏产生损伤作用，DEHP可能对卵巢抗氧化系统有一定影响。     

褪黑素对百草枯肾损伤的保护作用

目的观察褪黑素（MT）对百草枯（PQ）染毒大鼠肾组织中血红素氧合酶-1（HO—1）和诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）表达的影响,了解MT对PQ中毒肾损伤保护作用。方法SD大鼠随机分空白对照组（A组）、染毒组（B组）和MT治疗组（C组）。B、C组PQ（25mg／kg）、A组等量盐水腹腔注射,15min后C组MT（10mg／kg·d）腹腔注射。观察各组肾组织病理学及HO-1、iNOS表达的变化。结果A组组织结构清晰,B组组织结构清晰度下降,染毒3h即可见充血、水肿及空泡变性等病理变化,1d达峰,其后缓解趋势不明显,C组病理变化明显减轻且缓解趋势明显,A组HO-1多不表达,B组染毒3h呈阳性表达,免疫组织化学评分（IHS）升高（P〈0．05）,1d达峰,之后减弱。C组较B组表达明显增强,6h～3d差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;A组iNOS多不表达,B组染毒3h呈阳性表达,1d达峰,其后维持较强表达,C组较B组IHS降低,1d达峰,其后减弱,3d后维持在较低水平,5d时仍有表达（P〈0．05）。结论MT对PQ中毒引起的肾损伤有保护作用。     

咯利普兰对小鼠抑郁模型信号转导通路的影响

【目的】阐明咯利普兰抗抑郁作用的信号转导途径。【方法】48只小鼠按照随机原则分为空白对照组、重复应激抑郁梗重组、咯利姜兰低剂量组（3 mg／kg）、咯利普兰剂量级（6rag／kg）,每组12只。采用强迫游泳,禁食,禁水,冰水游泳等方法,建立小鼠重复应激抑郁模型,造模同时给予咯利普兰（3mg/kg 、6mg／kg）,10d后断头取海马组织进行检测。采用用放射免疫学检测小鼠海马内cAMP含量及PKA活力,采用蛋白印迹学检测海马P—CREB及BDNF水平。【结果】咯利普兰可显著缩短强迫游泳试验中小鼠的不动时间,对照组为（176．24±35．42）s,咯利普兰组分别为（105．64±41．51）s、（118．79±39．23）s,表明在强迫游泳试验中,咯利普兰具有抗抑郁作用。信号转导途径表达为：咯利普兰可显著提高应激小鼠海马内camp含量,空白组（72．13±3．58）pmol／mg、模型组（47．85±4．76）pmol／mg、咯利普兰（3mg/kg）（62．91±4．27）pmol／mgprotein、咯利普兰（6ms／kg）（64．13±3．93）pmol／mg,增加海马内PKA的活力,增加磷酸化CREB和BDNF的表达,各组间有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。【结论】cAMP—PKA—CREB—BDNF是咯利普兰发挥抗抑郁作用信号转导途径之一。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.