白萝卜提取物对大鼠胃肠动力影响的实验研究

目的 研究白萝卜提取物（Raphanus extract）对大鼠胃肠动力的影响，为开发白萝卜提取物的促胃肠动力作用的药用价值提供理论依据。方法 采用旋转蒸发的方法制备白萝卜提取物后，以0．3ml／kg、1ml／kg、3ml／kg（每1ml折合生药约57g）的剂量给大鼠灌胃，同时设立空白对照组，测定给药后大鼠胃电的变化，进一步以胃肠内标记物葡聚糖蓝-2000在大鼠胃内色素相对残留率及小肠推进比为指标，观察白萝卜提取物对大鼠胃电、胃排空及肠推进的影响。结果 白萝卜粗提物（Crude radish extract，Ecr）在0．3ml／kg、1ml／kg、3ml／kg（每1ml折合生药约57g）剂量下，均可以增加大鼠胃电振幅，其中以1ml／kg给药量组的胃电变化明显，与空白对照组相比，差异具有显著性（P〈0．01）；在0．3ml／kg、1ml／kg、3ml／kg剂量都能够提高大鼠胃排空率，与空白对照组相比，差异具有显著性（P〈0．01）；通过小肠推进比的比较，发现0．3ml／kg、1ml／kg剂量的提取物可明显促进小肠推进，与空白对照组相比，差异具有显著性（P〈0．01）；而3ml／kg剂量下的提取物未表现出明显的促进小肠推进作用，与空白对照组相比，差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论 白萝卜提取物对大鼠胃肠具促动力作用，且促动力作用与给药剂量存在量一效关系。     

一氧化氮对小肠消化间期移行性复合运动作用的研究

目的研究一氧化氮（ＮＯ）在小肠消化间期移行性复合运动（ＭＭＣ）控制中的作用。方法在大鼠十二指肠、空肠分别埋置应变片,在动物清醒的状态下分别记录空腹和餐后静脉输注ＮＧ硝基Ｌ精氨酸甲酯（ＬＮＡＭＥ）、Ｌ精氨酸、Ｄ精氨酸、硝普钠和血管紧张素Ⅰ后十二指肠和空肠压力变化。结果在餐后注入一氧化氮合酶抑制剂ＬＮＡＭＥ,可诱发类似空腹状态下的ＭＭＣ运动形式;注入ＮＯ供体硝普钠,则中断空腹时的小肠ＭＭＣ周期,诱发进食后小肠运动形式;Ｌ精氨酸和ＬＮＡＭＥ同时输注,消除ＬＮＡＭＥ的作用,而Ｄ精氨酸无此作用。单独输注Ｌ精氨酸、Ｄ精氨酸或血管紧张素Ⅰ对小肠ＭＭＣ没有影响。结论小肠神经系统ＮＯ紧张性分泌的调节,可能与小肠消化间期和消化期之间小肠运动形式的转换有关,ＮＯ释放增加可导致Ⅱ相时间变长,中断或延长ＭＭＣ;抑制ＮＯ合成与小肠消化间期运动形式的产生有关。     

白萝卜提取物促胃动力作用机制

目的探讨白萝卜提取物（Raphanus sativus L extract，Ecr）促胃肠动力作用机制。方法20只SD大鼠随机分为A（Ecr）组、B（0．9％氯化钠对照）组，分别灌服Ecr和等体积0．9％氯化钠，1h后，免疫组织化学方法和放免法分别观察胃电起搏区P物质（SP）、降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）表达的变化。结果sP免疫阳性神经及产物的表达明显增加（P〈0．05）；CGRP免疫阳性神经及产物的表达明显减少（P〈0．05）。结论白萝卜提取物的促胃肠动力作用可能与局部及血浆中SP、CGRP量的变化有密切关系。     

白萝卜提取物对胃动力的影响

目的探讨萝卜提取物（Crude radish extract,Ecr）对胃动力的作用,为开发中药提供新的途径。方法在前期工作的基础上,采用灌胃给药方法,给大鼠以最有效剂量的萝卜提取物按60mg/kg灌胃后,经胃电记录,观察其对胃运动的影响,并对其对中枢支配胃运动的迷走复合体（dorsal vagal complex,DVC）中神经元放电频率的变化以及c-Fos表达的情况为标志,观察上述两个核团中神经元被激活状况,来探讨萝卜提取物促胃动力的作用机制。结果给药30min大鼠的胃电变化最为明显,给药45min后药物的作用逐渐降低,给药60min后胃电的变化基本接近于正常对照组。神经元的放电和Fos的表达情况与胃电变化情况相近。结论萝卜提取物对胃有较为明显的动力作用,而且按60mg/kg给药后的30min其促动力作用最为明显。     

糖尿病患者小肠移行性复合运动的研究进展

小肠消化间期移行性复合运动（migrating motor complex，MMC），是一种化学能转化为机械能的过程，受中枢神经系统、肠神经系统和胃肠激素共同支配与调控。糖尿病患者肠道功能紊乱是与之相关的疾病，异常的小肠MMC与胃肠激素、自主神经和血糖有密切关系，从而影响了糖尿病患者的诊断和治疗。     

功能性消化不良患者消化间期血浆胃动素水平及胃十二指肠动力的改变

功能性消化不良(FD)是一种常见的临床综合征,其特征性症状包括腹胀、早饱、上腹部不适、疼痛、反酸、嗳气等,同时患者没有器质性或代谢性疾病,其发病率极高,占消化患者总数的20％～40％,对FD的研究,已引起人们的关注,有关病因和发病机制的研究报道不少,但其发病机制仍不清,现多认为与胃肠动力障碍关系密切,而胃肠激素是调节胃肠动力的重要因素,所以对     

莱菔提取物对胃肠运动的影响

目的采用电生理学的实验方法,观察莱菔提取物（Raphanus sativus.L extract,Rex）对胃电活动和小肠消化期间移行性运动复合波（Migrating motility complex,MMC）的影响,并与促进胃肠道运动的经典药物吗丁啉和西沙比利进行对比,探讨莱菔提取物的促胃肠动力作用。方法采用旋转蒸发的方法,制备莱菔提取物。采用电生理学的方法,记录给予不同的药物对胃肠电活动的影响。结果莱菔提取物对胃电的波幅和频率的影响,与吗丁啉组相比,没有显著性差异。莱菔提取物对小肠MMC的影响与西沙比例相比差异不显著。结论莱菔提取物对胃肠道运动的影响,与经典促胃肠动力药物的作用相当。     

陈皮对绵羊小肠电活动的影响

陈皮能缩短绵羊小肠的移行性综合肌电的周期，改善小肠的消化功能。     

实验性急性肝内胆汁淤积幼年大鼠胃肠消化间期移行性肌电复合波的变化

目的:探讨异硫氰酸萘酯(ANIT)所致刚断乳大鼠急性肝内胆汁淤积胃肠消化间期移行性肌电复合波(MMC)的变化.?方法:?56只刚断乳SD大鼠被随机分为正常对照组(n?=?16)、中毒组(n?=?40).?两组分别随机取8只在胃窦、十二指肠、空肠分别慢性埋置三对银丝电极;?其余大鼠同时行假手术.?术后7-10?d,?埋置电极组大鼠均在清醒、空腹、自由活动状态下记录胃肠道MMC.?中毒组按200?mg/kg一次性灌服ANIT诱发大鼠急性肝内胆汁淤积病变,?观察灌服ANIT后中毒组在48,?96,?144,?192?h胆汁流量、血中TB和ALT值及胃肠MMC的变化.?结果:中毒组灌服ANIT后,?48?h时胆汁流量中断,?血清TB和ALT明显升高;?48?h后其胆汁流量逐渐增加,?血清TB和ALT逐渐下降,?于192?h基本恢复.?在ANIT灌胃前,?埋置电极的所有大鼠在清醒、禁食状态下均记录到典型的MMC节律性电活动,?正常对照组与中毒组之间差异无显著性意义;?中毒组灌服ANIT后,?MMC节律完全消失,?代之以Ⅱ期样节律紊乱波;?144?h后,?中毒组MMC节律运动开始恢复;?192?h时中毒组MMC均为节律运动,?但中毒组MMC持续时间(911.67±140.47?s)较正常对照组(682.87±77.39?s)明显延长,?其中主要是Ⅱ期持续时间延长(414.12±69.21?vs?150.28±35.45?s),?而Ⅲ期持续时间略缩短(121.21±27.38?s?vs?170.27±38.98?s)?,?差异有显著意义(P<0.05).结论:?急性肝内胆汁淤积时胃肠MMC表现MMC节律短暂消失或MMC周期延长;?其部分原因可能与消化间期胆汁流量减少有关.     

糖尿病患者小肠移行性复合运动的研究进展

小肠消化间期移行性复合运动(migrating motor complex,MMC),是一种化学能转化为机械能的过程,受中枢神经系统、肠神经系统和胃肠激素共同支配与调控。糖尿病患者肠道功能紊乱是与之相关的疾病,异常的小肠MMC与胃肠激素、自主神经和血糖有密切关系,从而影响了糖尿病患者的诊断和治疗。     

白萝卜及其提取物对胃肠动力作用的研究现状及展望

白萝卜（Raphanus sativus L．）又称莱菔、太根、菜头，为十字花科萝卜属的一或二年生草本植物，既是人们喜食的蔬菜又是我国中医治疗常用的药物。白萝卜及其提取物作为食源性植物，其药用价值及可能的临床应用前景，正日益受到人们的重视和关注。本文对白萝卜及其提取物对胃肠动力影响的研究现状和临床应用情况进行概述，以期对白萝卜及其提取物临床研究和应用提供借鉴。     

白萝卜提取物促胃动力作用中Cajal间质细胞与P物质的变化

目的探讨白萝卜提取物（raphanus sativus 1 extract，Ecr）通过Cajal间质细胞促胃肠动力作用机制。方法40只SD大鼠随机分为A（Ecr）组、B（0．9％氯化钠对照）组分别灌服等体积Ecr和0．9％氯化钠，1h后用双重免疫荧光组织化学标记的方法观察胃电起搏区Cajal间质细胞（interstitial cells of Cajal，ICC）与P物质（SP）阳性神经及产物表达的变化。结果肌间神经丛中ICC与SP阳性神经呈网络样分布，二者紧密毗邻；肌间神经丛及肌层内与ICC结合的SP阳性神经产物表达明显增加（P〈0．01）。结论白萝卜提取物的促胃肠动力作用可能与胃体ICC上结合的SP阳性神经产物表达增高有密切关系。     

Effect of melatonin on motility pattern of small intestine in rats and its inhibition by melatonin receptor antagonist S 22153

Melatonin is synthesized during the night by the pineal gland. Recently, melatonin binding sites have been identified in the gut. Despite few studies, the physiological role of melatonin in gut function remains unclear. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of melatonin in the regulation of intestinal motility by using the melatonin receptor antagonist S 22153 in rats. Twenty-four male Wistar rats (400 +/- 25 g) were equipped with intraparietal electrodes along the small intestine. Rats were subjected to a 12:12 hr light:dark schedule. During the dark phase, intestinal migrating motor complexes (MMCs) frequency increased (P < 0.05) by 20% in the duodenum and in the jejunum compared with daylight. This effect is due to a significant reduction in the irregular spiking activity (ISA) of MMCs. Concurrently, at night, the duration of the postprandial motor response is reduced by 30% in the duodenum and 50% in the jejunum and ileum. The administration of S 22153 (2 mg/kg sc) at night suppressed these nocturnal variations and restored the daylight values. In contrast, S 22153 was ineffective during daylight whatever the digestive state. Administration of melatonin (1 mg/kg iv) during the preprandial state, 3 hr after light onset, decreased (-80%) the duration of the ISA of MMCs at the three intestinal levels. During the satiety phase, melatonin administered 10 min before or 15 min after food onset induced the appearance of a transitory preprandial-like motor profile in the entire small intestine. In contrast, when administered at the end of the meal it was ineffective. Preprandial and postprandial melatonin effects were prevented by S 22153 pretreatment. In conclusion, these findings reveal, first, that endogenous melatonin is physiologically involved in the pre- and postprandial changes of intestinal motility at night. Second, exogenous melatonin produces pharmacological effects on pre- and postprandial intestinal motility. In both cases, the action of melatonin corresponds to an inhibition of ISA and a reinforcement of the cyclic MMC pattern.     

枸杞菊花水提液对老年大鼠晶状体抗氧化能力的影响

目的探讨枸杞菊花水提液对老年大鼠晶状体抗氧化能力的影响。方法以SD清洁级老年大鼠为研究对象,设立青年对照组。以明目地黄丸为阳性对照,给药组〔枸杞菊花水提液低、中、高剂量(0.5、1.0、2.0 g/kg)〕,灌胃30 d后,取大鼠晶状体匀浆,观察其丙二醛(MDA)含量、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)的变化。结果与空白组相比,枸杞菊花水提液可显著增强SD老年大鼠T-AOC、CAT活性,并明显降低MDA的含量,呈现一定的量-效关系。结论枸杞菊花水提液可提高SD老年大鼠晶状体的抗氧化能力。     

Effect of erythromycin derivative EM523L on human interdigestive gastrointestinal tract

We investigated the effect of an erythromycin derivative, EM523L, on interdigestive gastrointestinal motor activity and plasma motilin concentrations in three healthy volunteers using an infused catheter system. We administered doses of 500, 1000, and 2000 g of EM523L to each subject as well as physiological saline. EM523L induced interdigestive migrating contractions (IMCs) that originated in the stomach and migrated to the duodenum. This response was noted in all three subjects after each dose of EM523L, while no IMCs were induced by saline. There were no significant differences in the characteristics of the EM523L-induced IMC and the spontaneous IMC. The initiation time, ie, the interval between the start of EM523L infusion and the onset of the IMC became shorter in a dose-dependent manner. Plasma motilin concentrations increased significantly after EM523L administration, suggesting that motilin is involved in the mechanism of IMC induction by this drug.     

Evidence that nitric oxide mechanisms regulate small intestinal motility in humans

Background—Non-cholinergicnon-adrenergic neural mechanisms involving nerves containing NO havebeen shown to modulate smooth muscle in the gastrointestinal tract, andit has been suggested that release from tonic NO inhibition may beimportant in the regulation of cyclical fasting small intestinal motility.
Aims—To evaluate therole of NO mechanisms in the regulation of fasting small intestinalmotor activity in humans using a specific NO synthase inhibitor,N^G-monomethyl-L-arginine( L-NMMA).
Methods—In sevenhealthy male volunteers, duodenal and jejunal pressures were measuredfor four hours with a nine lumen manometric catheter. Volunteersattended on four separate days on which they received an intravenousinfusion of either saline or L-NMMA (0.5, 2, or 4 mg/kg/h)in random order. Intravenous infusions began 10 minutes aftercompletion of phase III of the migrating motor complex (MMC).
Results—The firstepisode of phase III activity occurred earlier after infusion of 2 and4 mg/kg/h L-NMMA than after infusion of 0.5 mg/kg/hL-NMMA or saline (mean (95% confidence interval) 52 (36-68) and 57 (18-97) v 116 (69-193) and145 (64-226) minutes respectively) with a resultant MMC cycle lengthof 82 (59-105) and 86 (46-126) v 132 (49-198) and 169 (98-240) minutes respectively. The total number ofphase III activities during the four hour recording was increased(p<0.05) by L-NMMA at a dose of 4 mg/kg/h (2 (1-3)) butnot at 2 mg/kg/h (1.5 (1-2)) or 0.5 mg/kg/h (1.3(1-2)) compared withsaline (1.3 (0.6-2)). L-NMMA had no effect on theduration, velocity, number of contractions per minute, length ofmigration, or site of origin of phase III of the MMC. The duration ofphase I activity was shorter (p<0.05) with 4 mg/kg/h L-NMMA than with saline (12 (1-23)v 31 (19-44) minutes).
Conclusions—Theseobservations suggest that NO mechanisms play a role in the regulationof fasting small intestinal motor activity in humans.

Keywords:nitric oxide (NO); small intestine; motility; migrating motor complex (MMC)

     

银杏叶提取物对高脂饮食大鼠胰岛素敏感性的影响

目的 观察银杏叶提取物对高脂饮食诱导的胰岛素抵抗大鼠胰岛素敏感性的影响.方法 采用高脂喂养的方法建立胰岛素抵抗大鼠动物模型,舒血宁腹腔注射进行干预, 以罗格列酮作为阳性对照.干预前后分别行高胰岛素-正葡萄糖钳夹实验测定葡萄糖输注率 （GIR）,并测定血清总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、游离脂肪酸（FFA）、空腹胰岛素（FINS） 、空腹血糖（FBG）等指标.结果 高脂喂养成功复制了胰岛素抵抗大鼠模型,第4周即出现GI R下降,与正常对照组相比,差异显著（P＜0.05）;随时间延长,GIR降低更加明显;TC 、 TG、FFA、FBG、FINS不同程度升高（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）;银杏叶提取物干预使上述指标明显改善（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）,与罗格列酮干预作用相近.结论 [ HT6 SS〗银杏叶提取物可以显著改善高脂诱导的大鼠胰岛素抵抗状态,其作用可能与调节血脂及游离脂肪酸代谢有关.