人血浆中盐酸氟桂嗪HPLC测定及其药代动力学

建立了盐酸氟桂嗪的ＨＰＬＣ测定法。血浆样品碱化后用正已烷提取，以ＭｉｃｒｏＰａｃＭＣＨ－５为固定相，６５％甲醇，３５％水（含０．０２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ四丁基溴化铵，ｐＨ３．０）为流动相，紫外检测波长２５４ｎｍ。最低检出浓度为５．０ｎｇ／ｍｌ，线性范围１０．０～２００．０ｎｇ／ｍｌ（ｒ＝０．９９９８，ｎ＝６），平均回收率为（９７．５５±２．６８）％（ＲＳＤ２．１３％。用本法测定了８名健康男性志愿者分别服用杨森产盐酸氟桂嗪胶囊和新昌产盐酸氟桂嗪片剂的血药浓度。结果表明，其血药浓度－时间曲线均符合一房室模型。新昌产盐酸氟桂嗪片的主要药代动力学参数Ｔ１／２Ｋａ＝（０．７７±０．１１）ｈ，Ｔ１／２Ｋｅ＝（５．０７±０．５２）ｈ，Ｔｍａｘ＝（２．７９±０．２４）ｈ，Ｃｍａｘ＝（９５．００±４．５２）ｎｇ／ｍｌ，ＡＵＣ＝（９９７．６±６２．５）ｎｇ·ｈ／ｍｌ，相对生物利用度为９６．４％。     

高效液相色谱法测定人血浆中大黄酸含量及药动学研究

目的：建立高效液相色谱法测定人血浆中大黄酸的含量，研究大黄酸在正常人体内的药物动力学。方法：色谱柱为ＳｐｈｅｒｉｓｏｒｂＣ１８５μ，２５０ｍｍ×４．６ｍｍ；流动相为甲醇－水－冰乙酸（８０∶２０∶０．５，ｐＨ３．７），紫外λ／ｎｍ２５４ｎｍ检测。用３Ｐ８７程序计算６名健康志愿者口服１００ｍｇ大黄酸后的药动学参数。结果：血药浓度在０．１～１０．０μｇ／ｍｌ范围内线性关系良好，其相关系数ｒ＝０．９９９４，最小检测浓度３０ｎｇ／ｍｌ。回收率＞９１．８％；日内、日间相对标准偏差（ＲＳＤ）分别＜８．４％、１０．３％（ｎ＝５）。主要药动学参数为ｔ１／２＝４．０８±０．５３ｈ，ｔｍａｘ＝２．２４±０．６３ｈ，Ｃｍａｘ＝１１．８５±５．０３μｇ／ｍｌ，ＡＵＣ０→∞＝９３．４±４３．５μｇ／（ｈ·ｍｌ）。结论：该方法简单、灵敏，并为大黄酸的进一步研究开发创造了条件     

高效液相色谱法测定人血浆中氨溴素及药物动力学研究

建立了高效液相色谱法测定正常人口服盐酸氨溴素缓释胶囊后的血药浓度。血样经碱化后乙醚提取，盐酸反提后进样，以甲醇－０．０１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ磷酸盐缓冲液（ｐＨ７．３）－四氢呋喃（７０∶２７．５∶２．５，ｖ／ｖ）为流动相，利多卡因作为内标，在２４８ｎｍ处定量检测。本法线性范围宽（１０．０～２００．０ｎｇ／ｍｌ，ｒ＝０．９９９４），回收率稳定（８７．２％±２．８％），精确度高（日内ＲＳＤ＜４．１％，日间ＲＳＤ＜８．１％）。测定了健康受试者口服盐酸氨溴素缓释胶囊的血药浓度，计算了相关的药物动力学参数     

5—单硝酸异山梨酯缓释片的生物利用度研究

对５－单硝酸异山梨酯缓释片（ＳＲ）和普通片（ＩＲ）进行人体生物利用度比较，１０名健康男性志愿者随机交叉口服单剂量两种剂型后，利用气相色谱测得血药浓度。ＳＲ和ＩＲ的ＡＵＣ分别为３４３７．２±５６８．８ｎｇ／ｍｌ·ｈ和３８１０．８±８２２．７ｎｇ／ｍｌ·ｈ，ＭＲＴ分别为１５．７±１．０ｈ和９．４±１．５ｈ。ＳＲ的相对生物利用度为（９１．４±９．８）％。１０名受试者多剂量服用５－单硝酸异山梨酯ＳＲ和ＩＲ后，稳态时Ｃｍｉｎ分别为１６６．５±４７．９ｎｇ／ｍｌ和２３２．０±５５．０ｎｇ／ｍｌ，Ｃｍａｘ分别为６５０．１±１１８．５ｎｇ／ｍｌ和６２５．８±１２６．８ｎｇ／ｍｌ，两种制剂血药浓度的波动系数ＦＩ分别为１．１８±０．１８和０．９２±０．１６。经配对ｔ检验，两种制剂具有生物等效性。     

枸橼酸他莫昔芬片剂的药代动力学和相对生物利用度研究

采用高效液相色谱法进行枸橼酸他莫昔芬片的药代动力学和生物利用度研究。８名健康受试者分别随机ｐｏ屯溪产和上海产枸橼酸他莫昔芬片３０ｍｇ，其血药浓度－时间曲线均符合－房室模型。屯溪产枸橼酸他莫昔芬片的主要药代动力学参数Ｔ１／２ｋα＝０．７８±０．２３ｈ，Ｔ１／２ｋｅ＝１２．０９±２．４５ｈ，Ｔ（ｍａｘ）＝３．７３±０．８１ｈ，Ｃ（ｍａｘ）＝１１８．８±２９．０ｎｇ／ｍｌ，ＡＵＣ＝２３８４±４４５ｎｇ·ｈ·ｍｌ－１。其相对生物利用度为１０４．２％。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定盐酸雷尼替丁血药浓度

报道用反相高效液相色谱法测定体内盐酸雷尼替丁血药浓度的分析方法。血清样品用Ｓｅｐ－Ｐａｋ Ｃ１８小柱萃取，以甲醇－水－ｐＨ６．８磷酸盐缓冲液－三乙胺（５０：４８：２：０．１）为流协相，紫外波长λ＝３２０ｎｍ检测，最低检出浓度为５ｎｇ／ｍｌ。平均方法回收率为８９．６％。本法快速、灵敏，适用于盐酸雷尼替丁的血药浓度测定。     

环孢素胶丸的药代动力学和相对生物利用度

采用高效液相色谱法进行环孢素胶丸的药代动力学和生物利用度研究，１０名健康志愿者随机交叉单剂量ｐｏ温州第二制药厂和瑞士Ｓａｎｄｏｚ公司的环孢胶丸（２００ｍｇ），其血药浓度－时间曲线均符合一级吸收的双室模型，温州产环孢素胶丸的主要药动学参数ｔ１／２Ｋｄ＝１．０９±０．４６ｈ，ｔ１／２α＝０．３４±０．１５ｈ，ｔ１／２β＝５．１３±１．４１ｈ，ｔｍａｘ＝１．１９±０．１９ｈ，Ｃｍａｘ＝８７８．２±１６７．２ｎｇ／ｍｌ，ＡＵＣ＝４１２７．７±８５４．１ｎｇ·ｈ·ｍｌ－１，其相对生物利用度为（１０４．２±１１．９）％     

HPLC法同时测定人血浆中四种氟喹诺酮药物的血药浓度

研究了用ＨＰＬＣ同时测定人血浆中氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星、洛美沙星和环丙沙星血药浓度的方法。采用ＳｐｈｅｒｉｓｏｒｂＣ（１８）色谱柱（２５０ｍｍ×４．６ｍｍ，５μｍ），以甲醇－０．００８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ磷酸盐缓冲液－０．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ四丁基溴化铵（１６：７５：１．４，ｐＨ２．６）为流动相，检测波长２８０ｎｍ，血浆样品用乙腈沉淀蛋白后进样，简便快速，回收率稳定，对氧氟沙星，诺氟沙星，洛美沙星，环丙沙星四种氟喹诺酮药物检测的线性范围分别为：０．１０～５．００μｇ／ｍｌ；０．１１～５．４０μｇ／ｍｌ；０．１３～５．００μｇ／ｍｌ；０．１０～１０．００μｇ／ｍｌ。其方法检测限为：２０ｎｇ／ｍｌ；２０ｎｇ／ｍｌ；２５ｎｇ／ｍｌ及４０ｎｇ／ｍｌ，回收率均高于８６％。应用本法观察了健康人口服氧氟沙星和环丙沙星后的血药浓度变化。     

硫酸沙丁胺醇缓释片的制备及其在健康人体内的药动学研究

制备了硫酸沙丁胺醇骨架型缓释片（８ｍｇ／片），以释放度为指标筛选出了适宜处方，并对该处方缓释片与市售普通片对照进行了健康人体单剂量及多剂量随机交叉给药药动学研究。用高效液相荧光色谱法测定了血浆中的药物浓度。缓释片的药动学参数Ｔｍａｘ，Ｃｍａｘ，ＡＵＣ０→∞及ＰＴＦ（波动分数）分别为（４．６±０．８）ｈ，（７．９±１．４）ｎｇ／ｍｌ，（１２１．１±１２．３）ｈ·ｎｇ／ｍｌ及０．９３±０．２６，而普通片的相应药动学参数则分别为（１．４±０．４）ｈ，（１５．１±２．４）ｎｇ／ｍｌ，（１０３．３±８．７）ｈ·ｎｇ／ｍｌ及１．３１±０．２７。经双单侧检验两制剂ＡＵＣ０→∞无显著性差异，而ＰＴＦ则有显著性差异。缓释片相对于普通片的生物利用度为１０６．０％。缓释片具有给药次数少（一日二次）、给药后血药浓度波动较小的特点。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定盐酸维拉帕米及其主要代谢产物

建立了反相高效液相色谱法同时测定人血浆中维拉帕米及其主要代谢产物去甲维拉帕米血药浓度。以甲醇－水－三乙胺（６７∶３３∶０．４，ｐＨ６．７）为流动相，乙吗噻嗪（ｅｔｈｍｏｓｉｎｅ）为内标，样品用正己烷－正丁醇混合液提取浓缩后进样，紫外检测器检测（２７９ｎｍ）。此法操作简便，精密度好，日内、日间误差：维拉帕米＜８．６％，去甲维拉帕米＜７．６％；方法回收率高，维拉帕米、去甲维拉帕米回收率均＞９２％。两者血药浓度在２５～１０００ｎｇ·ｍｌ－１范围内呈线性关系，最小检测浓度维拉帕米：２．５ｎｇ·ｍｌ－１，去甲维拉帕米：５．０ｎｇ·ｍｌ－１。应用该法测定了６名志愿者口服盐酸维拉帕米片剂后的血药浓度     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.