45例正中神经腕管卡压神经电生理检测与临床分析

目的探讨正中神经腕管卡压(CTS)神经电生理检测价值。方法对临床的症状及体征符合CTS的45例患者行正中神经运动神经的传导速度与尺神经运动神经的传导速度检测;桡神经与正中神经拇指-腕感觉潜伏期时差值;正中神经与尺神经无名指-腕感觉潜伏期时差值;双侧正中神经F波的检测;拇短展肌、小指展肌的肌电图检测。结果 45例患者中63只异常,双侧病变18例,单侧病变27例,正中神经运动末端潜伏期延长或(及)传导速度减慢异常率31.5%,波幅减低异常率28.3%;正中神经拇指-腕感觉神经潜伏期延长异常率71.5%;合并波幅减低者异常率占79.3%;正中神经环指-腕感觉神经传导潜伏期延长异常率81.6%,合并波幅减低异常率89.4%;正中神经F波异常率33.6%;拇短展肌呈神经源性改变异常率20.1%。结论神经电生理的常规检测联合运用感觉神经潜伏期时差值法对CTS有更敏感、更精确的诊断价值。     

30例腕管综合征患者的神经电生理分析

目的 观察神经电生理检测对腕管综合征(CTS)的诊断价值.方法 对30例腕管综合征患者进行神经传导速度(NCV)和肌电图检测和分析.结果 30例CTS患者共有50条患病神经,其中7条正中神经诱发波形消失,43条正中神经潜伏期延长,波幅降低或(和)感觉神经传导速度减慢.30例患者的36条正中神经运动末梢潜伏期延长或(和)动作电位波幅降低.19块正中神经支配肌有去神经电位.结论 神经电生理检查对腕管综合征的诊断与鉴别诊断有重要意义.     

60例腕管综合征患者的神经电生理检测与临床分析

目的 探讨腕管综合征(CTS)患者的神经电生理特征.方法 对临床症状、体征符合CTS的60例患者进行正中神经、尺神经的运动和感觉传导速度测定,及拇短展肌、小指展肌的肌电图检测.结果 60例患者中,双侧病变18例,单侧病变42例.60例CTS患者中78条正中神经感觉传导潜伏期均延长和感觉传导速度均减慢,60条正中神经感觉诱发波幅降低,74条正中神经运动远端潜伏期延长,4条正中神经运动远端潜伏期和诱发波幅正常.58块正中神经支配的拇短展肌呈神经源性损害.结论 神经电生理检查在CTS的诊断与鉴别诊断中有重要意义.     

腕管综合征的神经电生理特征

目的:探讨腕管综合征(CTS)患者的神经电生理特征。方法:对临床症状、体征符合CTS的患者22例(31侧)行正中神经,尺神经.桡神经运动和感觉传导速度测定,以及拇短展肌,小指展肌,伸指总肌肌电图检测。结果:在31条患病正中神经中9条感觉传导未引出反应波、22条正中神经感觉潜伏期延长、波幅降低、或(和)感觉传导速度减慢;23条正中神经运动传导远端潜伏期延长、波幅降低;18块正中神经支配肌拇短展肌呈神经源改变。结论:神经电生理检测中以正中神经感觉潜伏期异常阳性率最高(100%);其次是正中神经运动传导远端潜伏期延长(74%)和拇短展肌神经源性改变(58%)。     

重症腕管综合征的神经电生理诊断

目的:探讨重症腕管综合征(CTS)的神经电生理诊断价值.方法:回顾性分析了常规神经电生理检查正中神经运动和感觉传导均未诱发出电位即重症CTS者38例(44只手),分别在正中神经和尺神经手腕处刺激,在第二蚓状肌和手掌骨间肌记录混合肌肉动作电位(CMAP)起始潜伏时差.结果:重症CTS 44只手中,40只手(91％)在正中...     

48例腕管综合征患者的神经电生理与临床分析

目的分析48例腕管综合征（CTS）患者的神经电生理检查结果,以探讨其临床意义。方法神经电生理检查共测定48例腕管综合征患者83条受累正中神经的运动神经电位、感觉神经电位及80块拇短展肌肌电图检查。结果本组48例腕管综合征患者的83条受累正中神经电生理检查结果以正中神经感觉电位测定异常明显,表现为正中神经与尺神经环指感觉电位（SNAP）潜伏期（LAT）差值增大75条（94％）,感觉电位波幅降低74条（89％）,感觉神经传导速度（SCV）减慢53条（64％）。而运动电位检测则以运动神经远端潜伏期（DML）延长明显有37条（45％）。80块拇短展肌的肌电图检查中有28块（35％）呈神经源性损害改变．为放松状态出现自发电位且伴募集时电位数量减少。同时根据神经电生理检查结果进行分期,48例腕管综合征患者83条受累正中神经中属于正中神经早期受累47条,中期受累33条,晚期受累3条。结论神经电生理检查有利于临床腕管综合征患者的早期诊断,并且根据神经电生理检查分期对其临床治疗方案的采取具有一定的指导意义。     

中指→腕的感觉传导速度对于腕管综合征的诊断价值

腕管综合征 (ＣＴＳ)是由于多种因素引起的腕管内压力升高所致正中神经受到挤压 ,为最常见的嵌压性神经病变。典型的临床表现为腕以下正中神经分布区域的疼痛与麻木 ,电生理检查显示为选择性的腕远侧段正中神经感觉、运动传导的异常 ,因而诊断并不困难。笔者通过对我院近年经临床或外科手术证实的4 0例腕管综合征病人的神经电图进行对比分析 ,发现正中神经中指→腕段的感觉传导速度 (ＳＣＶ)对于腕管综合征的确诊、临床分型及预后判断具有重要的指导意义。1　对象和方法1 1　临床资料　共 4 0例 ,涉及 6 8只手。其中男 9例 ,女 31例。年龄最…     

神经传导速度测定在穴位电针治疗腕管综合征疗效评价中的应用

目的通过神经传导检查观察穴位电针治疗腕管综合征治疗效果。方法选择腕管综合征病人20例,治疗前、后分别进行神经传导速度、动作电位波幅测定。结果正中神经指1-腕、指3-腕感觉神经传导速度(SCV)、感觉神经动作电位波幅(SNAP)治疗前、后比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。运动神经传导速度(MCV)、运动神经动作电位波幅(MNAP)治疗前、后比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论穴位电针治疗腕管综合征临床有效,神经传导检查可以作为腕管综合征诊断及疗效评价手段之一。     

腕管综合征高频超声检测所见与电生理检查结果相关性研究

目的：探讨腕管综合征（CTS）患者高频超声检查正中神经结构改变与电生理结果的相关性，以作拟定临床治疗的参考。方法：对上肢麻木患者进行电生理检查，诊断为CTS后再进行高频彩超检查，重点测定受压正中神经最细处、最粗处的前后径，并计算最细处与最粗处之比。电生理主要检查正中神经运动传导末端潜伏期、波幅及感觉传导速度（SCV ）及波幅，对超声检查结果及电生理结果进行相关性分析。结果：SCV与直径的 Pearson相关性为0．850，呈高度相关性；运动末端潜伏期与直径的Pearson相关性为0．419，呈中度相关性；感觉传导波幅与超声所测直径的 Pearson相关性为0．220，为弱相关性；运动传导波幅与超声所测直径的 Pearson相关性为0．256，为极弱相关或无相关性；所有电生理数据与神经细粗比的 Pearson数据均低于0．2，为极弱相关或无相关性。结论：正中神经SCV与最细处直径呈高度负相关，运动末端潜伏期与最细处直径呈中度负相关，与正中神经解剖改变有关。     

35例腕管综合征的神经电生理分析

目的观察神经电生理检测对腕管综合征(CTS)的诊断价值。方法对35例CTS患者进行神经电生理检测结果分析。结果35例41侧CTS电生理检查,环指正中/尺神经潜伏期差(MULD)异常率100%,正中神经感觉传导异常率85.4%,运动神经传导异常率29.3%,拇短展肌呈神经源性损害占14.6%。结论神经电生理检查对CTS具有重要诊断价值;MULD测定可提高诊断敏感性。     

拇指感觉神经传导速度诊断轻度腕管综合征的临床应用价值

目的:探讨拇指感觉神经传导速度(sensory nerve conduction velocity,SCV)诊断轻度腕管综合征的临床应用价值。方法:对18例(26只手)轻度腕管综合征的患者和15例(30只手)年龄性别相匹配的正常人,测定了腕部正中神经和桡神经的感觉神经传导速度,并进行对比研究。结果:中指正中神经SCV的异常率为50%,腕部正中神经/桡神经(刺激拇指)SCV差值的异常率为84.6%,明显大于用常规检查方法组(刺激中指),有8例12只手腕部正中神经感觉动作电位(刺激拇指)中出现双峰电位,而对照组则无。结论:在腕管综合征肌电图的诊断中,比较正中神经和桡神经SCV的差值是早期诊断腕管综合征的敏感指标之一。     

环指感觉神经感觉传导速度在轻度腕管综合征诊断中的应用

目的 寻找诊断轻度腕管综合征(CTS)敏感的电生理检查方法。方法 临床症状、体征符合CTS,正中神经运动末端潜伏期正常的患者19例(29侧)和年龄性别相匹配的健康对照组23名(25侧),采用顺向性感觉神经传导速度(SCV)测定法分别测定环指(指4)正中神经和尺神经SCV,中指(指3)正中神经SCV。结果 环指尺神经SCV>45.2 m/s,正中神经SCV<44.1 m/s,和(或)尺神经SCV与正中神经SCV差值>8.1 m/s(x+σx),考虑符合CTS诊断。CTS组中指正中神经SCV测定异常率为66％,环指为76％,环指正中神经与尺神经SCV差值异常率为93％。环指刺激在8例(14侧)患者腕部正中神经处记录到双峰电位,但对照组均未见。结论 比较环指正中神经和尺神经SCV在鉴别轻度CTS方面是敏感的方法之一,在怀疑CTS时,该项检查可作为常规的电生理检查方法。     

Carpal tunnel syndrome : Which finger should be tested? An analysis of sensory conduction in digital branches of the median nerve

Each digital branch of the median nerve was stimulated in turn in 34 women (55 hands) with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). The amplitude and conduction velocity of the sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) recorded at the wrist, and the threshold for patient perception of the electrical stimulus on the median innervated sides of each digit, were compared with the corresponding values in a group of asymptomatic, age-matched women. Sensory conduction velocity or SNAP amplitude were abnormal in more than 80% of all digital nerves studied apart from those in the index finger. Stimulation of digital nerves in the index finger proved the least sensitive means of detecting the electrophysiological abnormality. We conclude that selective digital nerve stimulation is a sensitive technique in the diagnosis of CTS. If ring electrodes are preferred, our results suggest that the middle rather than the index finger should be used.     

Spread of the radial SNAP: a pitfall in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome using standard orthodromic sensory conduction study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the occurrence of the spread of the radial sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) among patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) during standard median orthodromic sensory conduction study (SCS) using index finger stimulation. METHODS: We prospectively examined 74 hands in 56 CTS patients. We stimulated the index finger using ring electrodes. SNAPs were recorded at wrist over median and radial nerves. RESULTS: A spread of radial SNAP was clearly identified over the median nerve despite its small amplitude, in 72/74 hands during stimulation of the base of the index finger. In hands with delayed median SNAP, two peaks were observed; however in hands with absence of genuine median SNAP, only one peak of the spread was noticed. The proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP) stimulation still elicited an identifiable spread in 47/74 hands. CONCLUSION: This spread phenomenon is a previously undescribed pitfall during the standard median orthodromic SCS, frequently occurring in CTS patients. SIGNIFICANCE: In severe CTS cases, one may make wrong conclusion of normal median sensory latency if unaware of this pitfall.     

Comparison of motor conduction techniques in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome

OBJECTIVE: To compare the sensitivities of motor wrist-to-palm (W-P) conduction velocity and two median-ulnar motor latency differences with that of sensory W-P conduction velocity in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). METHODS: This study included 116 consecutive patients with CTS (160 hands) referred for evaluation and 100 volunteers who served as controls. Median motor and sensory nerve responses with wrist and palm stimulation allowed for the determination of motor and sensory W-P CV (W-P MCV and SCV). Two motor distal latency (MDL) differences between the median-thenar and ulnar-hypothenar (M-U) muscles and between the median-second lumbrical and ulnar-interossei muscles (2L-INT) were measured and calculated. The mean values of controls plus or minus 2.5 SD served as the normal limits. RESULTS: Among the 160 hands with suspected CTS, 11 (6.88%) had normal electrodiagnostic studies and 149 (93.1%) had at least one abnormal electrodiagnostic study. Among the 149 hands with an abnormality, 139 (86.88%) had abnormal W-P MCV and 129 (80.63%) had abnormal W-P SCV. The sensitivity for 2L-INT was 77.5%, and it was 70% for M-U, 68.75% for median MDL, and 73.75% for sensory distal latency. Combining W-P MCV and W-P SCV allowed for the detection of abnormalities in 147 hands (91.88%) and yielded a markedly improved diagnostic rate compared with W-P SCV alone. CONCLUSION: Motor W-P conduction study is more valuable and no more difficult than sensory W-P conduction study for the diagnosis of CTS. In patients with suspected CTS in whom the results of conventional nerve conduction studies are normal, studying both motor and sensory W-P conduction increases the diagnostic yield.     

Conduction block and segmental velocities in carpal tunnel syndrome

In carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) standard measurement of median distal motor latency and sensory conduction does not distinguish whether low amplitude responses are due to axonal degeneration or demyelination. In 88 control and 294 CTS hands we recorded amplitude and duration of compound muscle action potential (CMAP) and of antidromic sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) after palm and wrist stimulation to determine wrist to palm amplitude, duration ratios and segmental conduction velocities. In 16% of CTS hands there was an abnormal amplitude reduction without increased duration of CMAP or SNAP from wrist stimulation indicating partial conduction block. In 148 hands distal motor latency to abductor pollicis brevis and/or sensory conduction to digit 2 were abnormal. In the remaining 146 hands wrist to palm motor conduction was less than 35 m/s in 22.6% and wrist to palm sensory conduction was less than 45 m/s in 13%. At least one segmental conduction was abnormal in 27% of hands. Segmental studies allow the discrimination between conduction block and axonal degeneration, increase diagnostic yield in CTS, and might be useful in addressing treatment and predicting outcome.     

Usefulness of the median terminal latency ratio in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome

ObjectiveThe sensitivity of the median terminal latency (MTL) ratio was compared to that of standard conduction techniques for diagnosing carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).MethodsWe analyzed 153 patients (274 hands) with clinically suspected CTS and 100 volunteers. Median motor conduction velocity and sensory nerve conduction velocity (MCV and SCV, respectively) were evaluated using traditional methods. The wrist–palm (W–P) MCV and two motor distal latency differences (LDs) between the median and ulnar nerves were measured. The MTL ratio was calculated by dividing the MTL-W by MTL-P. The ratio of distal to proximal conduction (disto-proximal ratio) was calculated.ResultsThe sensitivity of the motor nerve conducting technique was 77.7% in the W–P MCV, 72.6% in the median thenar–ulnar thenar LD, 63.9% in the median thenar–ulnar hypothenar LD, 59.9% in the MTL-P, 60.2% in the MTL-W, and 81.8% in the MTL ratio. The sensitivity of the median sensory nerve conduction method was 89.1% in the W-second F segment, 89.1% in the W-third F segment, 90.5% in the W–P segment, and 92.3% in the disto-proximal ratio of the third finger.ConclusionsThe disto-proximal ratio in the third finger was the most sensitive. Among the motor conduction studies, the MTL ratio was the most sensitive.SignificanceThese ratios can facilitate accurate diagnosis of patients with CTS.     

第二蚓状肌-骨间肌记录法在腕管综合征的诊断价值研究

目的探讨第二蚓状肌-骨间肌记录法在不同程度腕管综合征(carpal tunnel syndrome;CTS)中的诊断价值。方法以符合纳入标准的CTS患者44例(56只患手)为病例组,年龄、性别匹配的30例健康志愿者的非利手为对照组。表面电极刺激和记录,分别进行正中、尺神经的运动和感觉传导检测。主要参数包括,(1)掌-拇短展肌的末端运动潜伏时(DML)、腕-拇短展肌DML(APB-DML)、腕-掌段运动传导速度(wpMCV),以及腕-食指末端感觉潜伏时(DSL)、感觉传导速度(SCV);(2)腕-小指展肌DML、腕-第二骨间肌DML;(3)腕-环指正中/尺神经末端感觉潜伏时的差值(dDSL);(4)腕-第二蚓状肌DML(2L-DML)及其与腕-第二骨间肌DML的差值(2LI-DML)。根据腕-拇短展肌DML以及腕-食指SCV,将CTS患者分为轻、中和重度组。结果在44例患者56只患手中轻度CTS19肢,中度22肢,重度15肢;其中7例CTS患者合并下肢周围神经病。与对照组相比,3个病例组的APB-DML延长、wpMCV减慢、dDSL增大、2L-DML延长、2LI-DML增大,均有统计学差异(P0.01)。在轻度组以及中度组2LI-DML诊断的敏感性与APB-DML、wpM-CV、dDSL无明显差异(P0.05);在重度组,2LI-DML诊断的敏感性与APB-DML、wpMCV无差异(P0.05),与dDSL的差异有显著性(χ2=7.03,P0.05)。结论第二蚓状肌-骨间肌记录法可有效检出各种程度的CTS,在重度CTS尤其是合并多发性神经病者,则是很有价值的检测方法。     

Exclusive electrophysiological motor involvement in carpal tunnel syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To define the frequency of exclusive electrophysiological motor involvement in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). METHODS: We reviewed the electrophysiological studies of 2727 consecutive hands with typical symptoms and signs of CTS and at least one abnormal test of the following: median distal motor latency (DML), digit two sensory conduction velocity (D2-SCV), segmental D2-SCV from wrist to palm, median-ulnar sensory latency difference from ring finger stimulation. RESULTS: Thirty-one hands (1.2%) had prolonged median DML ( > 4.4 ms) with normal SCV ( > 48 m/s). In 17 of 31 hands, segmental D2-SCV from wrist to palm or median-ulnar latency difference from ring finger stimulation were also performed with normal results in 8 hands, demonstrating a true exclusive electrophysiological motor involvement. CONCLUSIONS: In CTS, exclusive electrophysiological involvement of median motor fibers is rare. It may be related to preferential compression of the intraneural motor fascicles clumped superficially in the most volar-radial nerve quadrant or, more probably, to the fact that the recurrent thenar branch may exit the carpal tunnel through a separate ligamentous tunnel within the transverse carpal ligament where it may be preferentially or selectively compressed.     

Carpal tunnel syndrome and metabolic syndrome

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common entrapment neuropathy. Many factors such as diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, hormonal replacement therapy, corticosteroid use, rheumatoid arthritis and wrist fractures may cause CTS. Metabolic syndrome includes abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension that may cause CTS. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relation between CTS and metabolic syndrome. We studied 107 (96 female and 11 male) right-handed patients who had a clinical and electrophysiologically confirmed diagnosis of CTS. We then divided the patients into two groups (patients with and without metabolic syndrome) according to the criteria of ATP III definition. Eighty (75%) of the patients with CTS had metabolic syndrome. Among the 80 patients with metabolic syndrome, CTS was found in 150 hands (43 mild, 58 moderate and 49 severe cases). Among the 27 patients without metabolic syndrome, CTS was found in 43 hands (27 mild, 14 moderate and 2 severe cases). The electrophysiological parameters (median nerve distal motor latency, median nerve motor amplitude, median nerve motor conduction velocity, median nerve sensory onset latency, median nerve sensory amplitude and median nerve sensory conduction velocity) were worse in patients with metabolic syndrome (P < 0.05). In conclusion, metabolic syndrome was found to be three times more common in patients with CTS and CTS was more severe in patients with metabolic syndrome when compared with those without metabolic syndrome.