超声弹性成像诊断不同乳腺影像报告和数据系统分级乳腺肿块的临床价值

目的探讨超声弹性成像诊断不同乳腺影像报告和数据系统(BI-RADS)分级乳腺肿块的临床价值。方法选取2016年12月至2018年2月间上海市嘉定区中医医院收治的122例乳腺肿块患者进行回顾性分析,采用超声弹性成像与BI-RADS分级对患者进行检测,与病理结果进行对照,对超声弹性成像与BI-RADS分级对乳腺肿块良恶性的诊断价值进行探讨另析。结果右乳90个,左乳62个;病理结果证实,恶性72个,良性80个。72个恶性病灶中,浸润性导管癌32个,乳头状癌20个,浸润性小叶癌18个,黏液癌2个。80个良性病灶中,纤维腺瘤48个,乳头状瘤27个,乳腺增生5个。BI-RADS分级:3级42个,4a级32个,4b级28个,4c级41个,5级9个;超声弹性成像评分:1分19个,2分32个,3分30个,4分50个,5分21个。超声弹性成像对BI-RADS进行修正后分级,病灶3级42个,4a级38个,4b级20个,4c级41个,5级11个。152个肿块中,BI-RADS分级诊断为良性74个,恶性78个,超声弹性成像评分显示良性81个,恶性71个,超声弹性成像对BIRADS修正后分级显示良性80个,恶性72个。超声弹性成像对BI-RADS修正后分级敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和诊断准确率均高于BI-RADS分级和超声弹性成像评分。结论超声弹性成像可提升BI-RDAS分级对乳腺肿块的诊断敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和诊断准确率,达到减少穿刺或手术活检的目的。     

乳腺影像报告与数据系统在超声检查可扪及乳腺肿块中的诊断价值

目的探讨乳腺影像报告与数据系统(breast imaging reporting and data system,BI-RADS)在超声检查可扪及乳腺肿块中的诊断价值。方法收集本院可扪及乳腺肿块、经超声检查并行手术活检的女性患者337例,比较其超声影像与病理检查结果。计算超声检查BI-RADS分级的灵敏度、特异度、正确率、阳性预测值(positive predictive value,PPV)、阴性预测值(negative predictive value,NPV)、阳性似然比、阴性似然比、约登指数。用χ2检验比较良、恶性征象乳腺肿块的恶性肿瘤百分率,并分析不同年龄段2级和3级病例良、恶性病变的分布特点。结果超声检查BI-RADS分级的灵敏度、特异度、正确率、PPV、NPV分别为95.7%、82.4%、84.3%、46.9%、99.2%,阳性似然比、阴性似然比、约登指数分别为5.44、0.05、0.78。在337例患者中,2～5级病变者恶性肿瘤百分率分别为0(0/145)、2.1%(2/96)、26.6%(17/64)、87.5%(28/32)。不同超声征象乳腺肿块的恶性肿瘤百分率如下:肿块形态不规则者中,占57.1%(36/63);肿块走向与皮肤不平行者中,占63.6%(14/22);肿块边界不清者中,占61.4%(43/70);肿块后方回声衰减者中,占63.3%(19/30);肿块有细小钙化者中,占75.0%(9/12);肿块内部回声不均匀者中,占47.6%(40/84)。在不同肿块形态、走向、边界、后方回声、细小钙化及内部回声的患者间,恶性肿瘤百分率的差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。在2级和3级病例中,不同年龄段患者良、恶性病变分布的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论超声检查BI-RADS分级评估可扪及乳腺肿块有着较高的准确性,便于规范诊断与临床处理。     

超声乳腺影像报告及数据系统诊断乳腺癌的应用价值

目的探讨超声乳腺影像报告与数据系统(BI-RADS)观察特征指标诊断乳腺癌的应用价值。方法 33例经病理证实的乳腺肿瘤患者,术前依据超声BI-RADS评估各项特征指标,回顾性分析各项观察指标在乳腺肿块分级诊断中的敏感度和特异度。结果超声BI-RADS分级为3级1例,4A级3例,4B级16例,4C级10例,5级3例。形态规则9例,不规则24例;边界清晰14例,不清晰19例;边缘光整7例,不光整26例;内部回声中等2例,低回声31例;后方回声增强4例,无明显变化9例,衰减20例;无钙化19例,钙化14例;无血供7例,血供26例;无腋窝淋巴结转移19例,腋窝淋巴结转移14例;肿块活动度可15例,差18例。阳性预测值为93.8%(30/32),敏感度为90.9%(30/33),特异度为33.3%(1/3)。结论依据BI-RADS各项观察指标,对客观评估其在乳腺癌诊断中的敏感性和特异性、指导临床采取不同处理方案有重要价值。     

真空辅助旋切活组织检查诊治乳腺结节的多中心研究

目的探讨真空辅助旋切活组织检查(简称活检)在乳腺结节(临床不可扪及、经超声检查发现并考虑为良性疾病的低回声实性肿块称为乳腺结节)诊治中的应用价值。 方法2008年1月至2009年12月期间,广东省妇幼保健院、佛山市妇幼保健院、柳州市妇幼保健院、伊犁哈萨克自治州妇幼保健院和厦门市妇幼保健院对2 468例乳腺肿块患者进行了真空辅助旋切活检。根据纳入、排除标准,选取其中892例乳腺结节患者作为研究对象进行回顾性分析。从患者年龄、乳腺结节直径、超声BI-RADS分级和乳腺X检查与乳腺癌检出率的关系,评价真空辅助旋切活检诊治乳腺结节的价值。采用χ²检验、Fisher确切概率检验及配对χ²检验(McNemar检验)分析乳腺结节直径及患者年龄与病理结果的关系,乳腺癌检出率与乳腺结节直径、超声BI-RADS分级及患者年龄的关系,以及乳腺超声联合X线检查对不同BI-RADS分级乳腺结节的乳腺癌检出率差异。 结果892例乳腺结节患者共完全切除1 626个乳腺结节,检出乳腺癌16例,占1.8%(16/892)。乳腺结节直径≥1.5 cm者乳腺癌检出率明显高于<1.5 cm者[6.0%(5/84)比1.4%(11/808),χ²＝6.685,P＝0.010];亚组分析显示,乳腺结节直径<1.5 cm组中年龄≥40岁者乳腺癌检出率明显高于年龄<40岁者[2.4%(9/370)比0.5%(2/438),χ²＝5.831,P＝0.016)。乳腺超声BI-RADS 2级患者未检出乳腺癌;乳腺超声BI-RADS 3级患者中,乳腺结节直径≥1.5 cm者乳腺癌检出率明显高于<1.5 cm者[5.4%(3/56)比1.1%(6/565),χ²＝3.917,P＝0.039];乳腺超声BI-RADS 3级且乳腺结节直径<1.5 cm组中,年龄≥40岁者乳腺癌检出率明显高于<40岁者[2.3%(6/256)比0(0/309),χ²＝5.259,P＝0.022];乳腺超声BI-RADS 4A级患者乳腺癌检出率与年龄及乳腺结节直径无关(χ²<0.001,P＝1.000; P＝0.162)。在本组患者中,乳腺超声联合X线检查评估为BI-RADS 4A级者,其乳腺癌检出率明显高于2、3级患者[12.3%(9/73)比0.5%(1/212),P<0.001]。 结论乳腺结节直径及患者年龄是影响乳腺癌检出率的因素。临床上对于超声BI-RADS 3级且直径≥1.5 cm或直径<1.5 cm但年龄≥40岁的乳腺结节患者,可以考虑微创活检;超声BI-RADS 4A级者应积极活检。乳腺超声联合X线检查可能增加乳腺癌的检出率。     

常规超声分型和超声造影在乳腺非肿块型病变中的应用价值

目的 探讨常规超声分型和超声造影（CEUS）在乳腺非肿块型病变（NMLs）中的应用价值。方法 选择天津市第五中心医院经病理证实为乳腺NMLs病变的患者50例（50个病灶），分析NMLs常规超声分型与BI-RADS分类对应关系，并对乳腺NMLs进行超声造影，比较联合BI-RADS及CEUS对其的诊断价值。结果 NMLs常规超声分型Ⅰa和Ⅱa病变对应BI-RADS分级为4a级，Ⅲ和Ⅳ型病变对应BI-RADS分级为4b级，Ⅰb和Ⅱb型病变对应BI-RADS分级为4c级。良恶性病变在增强后病变范围有无扩大和是否存在“蟹足征”方面差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。Pearson相关分析显示增强后病变范围扩大、出现“蟹足征”、峰值强度和曲线下面积与恶性乳腺NMLs相关。CEUS联合BI-RADS分级的诊断价值高于常规超声BI-RADS分级。结论 NMLs常规超声分型Ⅰa和Ⅱa病变恶性风险最低，Ⅰb和Ⅱb型病变恶性风险最高。增强后病变范围扩大与出现“蟹足征”现象有助于快速鉴别NMLs良恶性病变。     

彩色多普勒超声对乳腺良恶性肿块的诊断价值

目的：探讨彩色多普勒超声对乳腺良恶性肿块的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析42例乳腺肿块患者的临床资料,并对乳腺肿块的超声声像图特征及血流动力学指标进行分析。结果42例乳腺肿块患者中,经彩色多普勒超声诊断：其中33例良性肿块,9例为恶性肿块。乳腺良性肿块患者的血流搏动指数、阻力指数、血流最大速度均明显低于恶性肿块患者,差异均有统计学意义（P 均<0.05）。血流分级：乳腺良性肿块以0~Ⅰ级为主,乳腺恶性肿块以Ⅲ级为主。结论彩色多普勒超声用于乳腺肿块的诊断其准确率高,能够鉴别良恶性,且属于无创检查,值得临床进一步推广应用。     

单纯型和混合型乳腺黏液腺癌的超声特征分析

目的 分析单纯型乳腺黏液腺癌（pure mucinous breast carcinoma,PMBC）和混合型乳腺黏液腺癌（mixed mucinous breast carcinoma,MMBC）的二维超声和彩色多普勒血流显像特征。方法 回顾性分析2013年1月至2020年12月于我院就诊且经手术病理证实的49例乳腺黏液腺癌（mucinous breast carcinoma,MBC）患者的二维超声、彩色多普勒血流显像表现,比较PMBC和MMBC患者在形态、边缘、内部回声、后方回声、钙化、血流分级和BI-RADS分类等方面的差异。结果 49例MBC病灶中,BI-RADS 3类1例,BI-RADS 4a类4例,BI-RADS 4b类15例,BI-RADS 4c类11例,BI-RADS 5类18例。PMBC组肿块呈混合回声的显示率高于MMBC组（P=0.025）;MMBC组肿块后方回声衰减及边缘毛刺、模糊的显示率高于PMBC组（P=0.008,0.023）;MMBC组血流3级肿块和BI-RADS 5类肿块占比均高于PMBC组;BI-RADS 4b类肿块占比低于PMBC组。结论 PMBC较...     

乳腺超声弹性成像BI-RADS 4 级肿块校正及穿刺活检的诊断价值*

目的:对比分析乳腺BI-RADS 分级中4 级肿块经超声弹性成像应变率比值校正及超声引导下穿刺活检术的诊断价值。方法:收集2014年1 月至2016年6 月120 例承德医学院附属医院行乳腺肿块手术切除患者的资料,术前全部肿块BI-RADS 分级为4级,经超声弹性成像应变率比值校正后行超声引导下穿刺活检术,以病理为金标准对比超声弹性成像应变率比值与穿刺活检的诊断价值。结果:120 例乳腺患者BI-RADS 4 级肿块经超声弹性成像应变率比值校正后,其中46例BI-RADS 4 级不变、59例降为BI-RADS3 级、15例升为BI-RADS5 级,与病理结果对照,经超声弹性成像应变率比值校正及穿刺活检诊断的灵敏度、特异度及准确率分别为90.7% 、81.8% 、85.5% 及88.8% 、98.5% 、95.0% ,经超声弹性成像应变率比值校正与穿刺活检诊断乳腺恶性肿块的差异具有统计学意义（P < 0.05）,诊断良性肿块的差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。 结论:超声引导下穿刺活检术对乳腺BI-RADS4 级肿块有较高定性诊断价值,仅次于病理诊断,超声弹性成像应变率比值对乳腺 BI-RADS4 级肿块分级校正及指导穿刺活检具有一定的临床价值。      

彩色多普勒超声对小乳腺癌与乳腺增生结节的鉴别诊断价值

目的：探讨二维超声结合彩色多普勒对乳腺癌与乳腺增生结节的鉴别诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析病理已证实为小乳腺癌和乳腺增生结节肿块的二维声像图及彩色多普勒特征,肿块血流信号分类标准按Adler主观分类法,脉冲多普勒定量分析肿块收缩期血流峰值流速及阻力指数。结果：小乳腺癌和乳腺增生结节在二维声像图中均表现为边界不清,纵横比值>1、肿块表面呈角状突起、钙化灶、后方回声衰减,恶性肿块各项指标敏感度明显高于增生结节,两者差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。乳腺癌内部血流显示率100%（46/46）,血流分级以Ⅱ~Ⅲ级为主;增生结节血流显示率25%（18/72）,血流分级以0~Ⅰ级为主。结论：二维超声结合彩色多普勒综合分析,可提高乳腺癌与乳腺增生结节的鉴别诊断率,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

原发性乳腺肉瘤40例临床分析

目的探讨原发于乳腺肉瘤的合理治疗模式。方法回顾性分析40例PBS患者的临床资料和治疗情况。结果40例患者均为女性,根据AJCC分期标准：Ⅰ期17例,Ⅱ期17例,Ⅲ期6例。其中叶状囊肉瘤25例,中位年龄40．4岁（21—70岁）,病理分级包括Ⅰ级6例、Ⅱ级12例、Ⅲ级7例,手术辅助化疗2例,单纯手术治疗23例（92．0％）,5年总生存率（OS）为85．1％。非叶状囊肉瘤15例,中位年龄36．1岁（15～55岁）,其中纤维肉瘤7例,横纹肌肉瘤、平滑肌肉瘤、癌肉瘤和脂肪肉瘤各2例,手术加化疗和（或）放疗5例,单纯手术治疗10例（66．7％）,5年OS为43．4％。结论原发于乳腺的叶状囊肉瘤单纯手术治疗疗效较好,而原发于乳腺的非叶状囊肉瘤单纯手术治疗则预后较差,须综合治疗才能改善预后。     

乳腺癌保乳治疗的临床研究体会

回顾乳腺癌保乳治疗的演变，结合206例实践及学习体会，从病例选择，手术要点，放疗及其它辅助治疗，前哨淋巴结活检，保乳美容评估等方面，探讨保乳综合治疗模式。     

Diagnostic Performance of Breast MRI in the Evaluation of Contralateral Breast in Patients with Diagnosed Breast Cancer

Aims: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of contralateral breast  in patients with diagnosed breast cancer. A secondary objective was to determine accuracy of breast MRI in diagnosing multi-focal and multicentric lesions in the ipsilateral breast. Materials and Methods: Using a non-probability convenience sampling technique, patients with histopathologically diagnosed breast cancer with MRI of breast performed to exclude additional lesions were included. MRI findings were correlated with histopathology. In addition, follow-up imaging with mammography and ultrasound was also assessed for establishing stability of negative findings and for the detected of benign lesions. Results: Out of 157 MRI breast conducted during the period of 2008 to 2013, 49 were performed for patients with diagnosed breast cancer. The sample comprised of all females with mean age 50.7±11.0 years. The patient follow-up imaging was available for a period of 2-5 years. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of MRI in the detection of multifocal/multicenteric lesions was 85.7%, 88.8%, 60% and 96.6% respectively and for the detection of lesions in the contralateral breast were 100%, 97%, 83.3% and 100% respectively. Conclusions: Our study highlights the diagnostic performance and the added value of MRI in the detection of multifocal /multicenteric and contralateral malignant lesions. In patients with diagnosed breast cancer having dense breast parenchyma and with infiltrating lobular carcinoma as the index lesion MRI is particularly useful with excellent negative predictive value in the exclusion of additional malignant foci in the ipsilateral and contralateral breasts.     

横行下腹直肌肌皮瓣乳房再造术

目的　介绍乳腺癌根治术后乳房再造方法。方法　应用横行下腹直肌肌皮瓣 (TRAMflap)进行乳房再造。结果　应用该方法治疗 2 2例 ,再造乳房形态良好。结论　TRAM皮瓣乳房再造术对乳腺癌根治术后患者是一种安全有效的治疗方法     

Normal Breast Lobular Architecture in Breast Biopsy Samples From Breast Cancer Cases and Benign Disease Controls

Rodent studies suggest a relationship between lobular maturation and breast cancer risk. Human data are sparse, and were developed using whole mounts of mastectomy or mammoplasty samples, without consideration of menstrual phase in premenopausal women. We studied normal breast lobules in relation to cancer risk in 284 women, using surgical biopsy material (mean two sections and 43.2 lobular structures per subject): 167 were premenopausal; 89 with breast cancer (cases) and 78 undergoing benign breast biopsy (controls). Of 117 postmenopausal women, 67 were cases and 50 were controls. Normal lobular type was classified based on size, and was designated predominant if it constituted 60% or more of the total lobules classified. The control group showed 66% type I, 34% type II and 1% type III lobules while cases showed 69% type I, 31% type II and 7% type III structures. Predominant lobule type showed no association with cancer (p = 0.9). Postmenopausal women had a substantially higher proportion of type I lobules compared to premenopausal women, irrespective of the parity or cancer status (p < 0.001). Lobule type was not associated with menstrual phase classified by dates; however, when menstrual phase was classified using breast morphological characteristics, type I lobules were more abundant in follicular phase and type II in the luteal phase (p < 0.001). In conclusion, we did not observe a relationship between lobular architecture and breast cancer susceptibility when using smaller breast samples usually available in epidemiological studies, but these data highlight the need for menstrual phase stratification in future investigations.     

Association Between Lifestyle Changes,Mammographic Breast Density,and Breast Cancer

In screening for breast cancer (BC), mammographic breast density (MBD) is a powerful risk factor that increases breast carcinogenesis and synergistically reduces the sensitivity of mammography. It also reduces specificity of lesion identification, leading to recalls, additional testing, and delayed and later-stage diagnoses, which result in increased health care costs. These findings provide the foundation for dense breast notification laws and lead to the increase in patient and provider interest in MBD. However, unlike other risk factors for BC, MBD is dynamic through a woman’s lifetime and is modifiable. Although MBD is known to change as a result of factors such as reproductive history and hormonal status, few conclusions have been reached for lifestyle factors such as alcohol, diet, physical activity, smoking, body mass index (BMI), and some commonly used medications. Our review examines the emerging evidence for the association of modifiable factors on MBD and the influence of MBD on BC risk. There are clear associations between alcohol use and menopausal hormone therapy and increased MBD. Physical activity and the Mediterranean diet lower the risk of BC without significant effect on MBD. Although high BMI and smoking are known risk factors for BC, they have been found to decrease MBD. The influence of several other factors, including caffeine intake, nonhormonal medications, and vitamins, on MBD is unclear. We recommend counseling patients on these modifiable risk factors and using this knowledge to help with informed decision making for tailored BC prevention strategies.     

Feasibility Study and Clinical Impact of Incorporating Breast Tissue Density in High-Risk Breast Cancer Screening Assessment

Breast tissue density (BTD) is known to increase the risk of breast cancer but is not routinely used in the risk assessment of the population-based High-Risk Ontario Breast Screening Program (HROBSP). This prospective, IRB-approved study assessed the feasibility and impact of incorporating breast tissue density (BTD) into the risk assessment of women referred to HROBSP who were not genetic mutation carriers. All consecutive women aged 40–69 years who met criteria for HROBSP assessment and referred to Genetics from 1 December 2020 to 31 July 2021 had their lifetime risk calculated with and without BTD using Tyrer-Cuzick model version 8 (IBISv8) to gauge overall impact. McNemar’s test was performed to compare eligibility with and without density. 140 women were referred, and 1 was excluded (BRCA gene mutation carrier and automatically eligible). Eight of 139 (5.8%) never had a mammogram, while 17/131 (13%) did not have BTD reported on their mammogram and required radiologist review. Of 131 patients, 22 (16.8%) were clinically impacted by incorporation of BTD: 9/131 (6.9%) became eligible for HROBSP, while 13/131 (9.9%) became ineligible (p = 0.394). It was feasible for the Genetics clinic to incorporate BTD for better risk stratification of eligible women. This did not significantly impact the number of eligible women while optimizing the use of high-risk supplemental MRI screening.     

保乳术治疗早期乳腺癌疗效观察

目的 观察早期乳腺癌保乳术的疗效.方法 入组保乳术治疗的早期乳腺癌30例,其中Ⅰ期21例,Ⅱ期9例,均行象限切除加腋窝淋巴结清扫,术后均进行辅助化疗、放疗和内分泌治疗等综合治疗.结果 30例全部得到随访,随访时间6～96个月,未发现局部复发或远处转移.5年总生存率90.6%,乳房美容优良率93.3%.结论 保乳手术配合...     

Optimal Breast Density Characterization Using a Three-Dimensional Automated Breast Densitometry System

Dense breasts are a risk factor for breast cancer. Assessment of breast density is important and radiologist-dependent. We objectively measured mammographic density using the three-dimensional automatic mammographic density measurement device Volpara™ and examined the criteria for combined use of ultrasonography (US). Of 1227 patients who underwent primary breast cancer surgery between January 2019 and April 2021 at our hospital, 441 were included. A case series study was conducted based on patient age, diagnostic accuracy, effects of mammography (MMG) combined with US, size of invasion, and calcifications. The mean density of both breasts according to the Volpara Density Grade (VDG) was 0–3.4% in 2 patients, 3.5–7.4% in 55 patients, 7.5–15.4% in 173 patients, and ≥15.5% in 211 patients. Breast density tended to be higher in younger patients. Diagnostic accuracy of MMG tended to decrease with increasing breast density. US detection rates were not associated with VDG on MMG and were favorable at all densities. The risk of a non-detected result was high in patients without malignant suspicious calcifications. Supplementary use of US for patients without suspicious calcifications on MMG and high breast density, particularly ≥25.5%, could improve the breast cancer detection rate.