不同时间等容血液稀释对犬急性心肌梗塞左室功能的改善作用

在麻醉开胸纯氧呼吸状态下的犬急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）模型上，观察以右旋糖酐４０在不同时间（ＡＭＩ前１ｈ、２４ｈ和ＡＭＩ后３０ｍｉｎ）行等容血液稀释对犬ＡＭＩ６ｈ内左室功能（±ｄｐ／ｄｔｍａｘ、ＬＶＳＰ）的改善作用。结果表明：ＡＭＩ后３０ｍｉｎ行血液稀释可使＋ｄｐ／ｄｔ－ｍａｘ明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）；而ＡＭＩ前１ｈ、２４ｈ行血液稀释不仅使ＡＭＩ后＋ｄｐ／ｄｔ－ｍａｘ明显升高，ＬＶＳＰ与－ｄｐ／ｄｔｍａｘ也明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。提示：①不同时间行等容血液稀释对犬ＡＭＩ后左室收缩功能均有改善作用；②提前稀释血液不仅改善左室收缩功能，也能改善左室舒张功能。     

等容血液稀释和维拉帕米对缺血再灌注心肌的保护

在犬的急性心肌缺血再灌注模型上，观察右旋糖酐４０等容血液稀释和维拉帕米注射液以及二者联合应用对心肌缺血再灌注损伤的防治作用。２４条犬随机分为４组：Ｉ组（对照组，ｎ＝６）、Ⅱ组（稀释组，ｎ＝６）、Ⅲ组（维拉帕米组，ｎ＝６）、Ⅳ组（稀释加维拉帕米组，ｎ＝６）。结果：①血液流变学指标改变：Ⅱ、Ⅳ组在血液稀释或给予维拉帕米后，血液流变学指标和Ⅰ、Ⅲ组相比明显改善（Ｐ〈０．０５）；②心功能改变：再灌注后，Ｉ     

血液稀释对心肌缺血和缺血再灌注心室功能及血液流变学的影响

用四道生理记录仪和血液粘度检测法观测右旋糖酐４０等容稀释血液对犬心肌缺血和缺血再灌注后左心室功能（ｐＬＶＳ、ｐ±ｄｐ／ｄｔ－ｍａｘ）和血液流变学状态的影响。２４只犬随机均分为４组：１组为缺血组；２组为缺血再灌注组；３组为缺血＋稀释组；４组为缺血再灌注＋稀释组。结果：①血液流变学指标的改变：２组血液流变学状态于再灌注后较１组明显恶化，３、４组各项血液流变学指标在行血液稀释后较同期１、２组均明显改善（Ｐ＜０．０５）。②心功能的改变：２组于再灌注后各项心功能指标较１组显著降低；３组稀释后ｐＬＶＳ、ｐ＋ｄｐ／ｄｔ－ｍａｘ较１组明显升高；４组稀释后ｐＬＶＳ、ｐ＋ｄｐ／ｄｔ－ｍａｘ较２组显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０５），较３组有升高的趋势，但无明显差异（Ｐ＞０．０５），而ｐ－ｄｐ／ｄｔ－ｍａｘ较２、３组均明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。提示：①缺血再灌注后血液流变性将进一步恶化，这可能是再灌注后心功能损伤加重的原因之一；②等容血液稀释对心肌缺血和缺血再灌注后左心功能均有保护作用，但对后者改善作用更明显。     

未成熟心肌冷挛缩的实验研究：心肌钙离子与心功能关系

目的：建立冷挛缩模型，探讨冷挛缩中未成熟心肌钙离子与心功能的关系。方法：在离体工作心模型基础上，３０只新西兰幼兔（３～４周）随机分成三组：Ⅰ组：对照组（ｎ＝１０）；Ⅱ组：冷挛缩组（ｎ＝１０）；Ⅲ组：冷挛缩＋低钙心肌保护液组（ｎ＝１０）。离体缺血再灌注复苏，测试缺血前、后心功能（ＣＯ，ＬＶＳＰ，ＬＶＥＤＰ，±ｄｐ／ｄｔ），冠状静脉窦流出液丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）和氧自由基清除剂超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ），缺血后心肌组织钙离子含量，电镜观察缺血后心肌超微结构。结果：离体心缺血再灌注复苏后，心功能恢复，电镜观察缺血后超微结构Ⅰ、Ⅲ组优于Ⅱ组，Ⅰ、Ⅲ组ＳＯＤ含量始终高于Ⅱ组（Ｐ＜０．０５），而Ⅱ组ＭＤＡ和缺血后心肌组织钙离子含量高于Ⅰ、Ⅲ组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：冷灌注使未成熟心肌产生冷挛缩，对缺血后心功能恢复不利，心肌钙离子超负荷与氧自由基是造成心肌冷挛缩损伤的重要因素，低钙心肌保护液有利于减轻冷挛缩损伤     

联合应用前列腺素E_1和异搏定保存离体肺

本文介绍了ＰＧＥ１和异搏定联合应用保存离体肺的实验研究，实验分三组：Ⅰ组为对照组（ｎ＝８）；Ⅱ组（ｎ＝８），灌洗前注射ＰＧＥ１，５μｇ／ｋｇ；Ⅲ组（ｎ＝８），灌洗前联合应用ＰＧＥ１，５μｇ／ｋｇ和异搏定０．１ｍｇ／ｋｇ。离体肺在灌洗后置于１０℃下保存６ｈ，然后测定肺气道压（ＰＡＰ）、左房血血气分析和肺血管总阻力（ＰＶＲ）和形态学观察。结果显示：三组间形态学检查无明显差别。左房血氧再灌注１０ｍｉｎ和１５ｍｉｎ时Ⅲ组明显高于Ⅰ组（Ｐ＜０．０５），３０ｍｉｎ时明显高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组；ＰＶＲⅢ组极显著地低于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＰＡＰ在再灌注３０ｍｉｎ后Ⅲ组显著低于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。表明ＰＧＥ１和异搏定联合应用可改善１０℃保存６ｈ离体肺再灌注后的肺功能     

红景天甙、酮对大鼠心血管功能的影响

本实验采用红景天的有效提取成分，红景天甙和酮，分别由股静脉给药，观察其对大白鼠ＨＲ、ＬＶＳＰ、ＬＶＥＤＰ、＋ｄｐ／─ｄｔ＿（ｍａｘ）、一ｄｐ／ｄｔ＿（ｍａｘ）和ＢＰ６个心功能指标的影响。结果表明静脉注射８ｍｇ红景天甙、７ｍｇ红景天酮都能短时间地显著降低大鼠的ＬＶＥＤＰ和ＢＰ（Ｐ＜０．０５）。提示红景天甙和酮均能降低心脏的前后负荷，改善心脏功能。     

输精管结扎对家兔心功能及心肌NE含量的影响

本实验用日本大耳白兔复制输精管结扎的长期动物模型，分为结扎２５月组（ＶＧ２５），同龄假手术２５月组（ＳＯＧ２５）；结扎６月组（ＶＧ６），同龄假手术６月组（ＳＯＧ６）。记录各组家兔心功能，检测心肌及血清ＮＥ含量，称取心重（ＷＨ）。结果表明，左心室收缩期末压（ＬＶＳＰ），ＶＧ略高于ＳＯＧ；左心室舒张末压（ＬＶＥＤＰ），Ｖ６２５显著的低于ＳＯＧ２５Ｐ＜０．０５），ＶＧ６与５ＯＧ６比较虽无显著差异，也呈低值；±ｄｐ／ｄｔｍａｘ，ＶＧ均明显高于ＳＯＧ（Ｐ＜０．０１）。相关检验表明，＋ｄｐ／ｄｔｍａｘ与血清及心肌ＮＥ含量无相关性；心重与＋ｄｐ／ｄｔｍａｘ呈明显正相关，Ｐ＜０．０５；在２５月组，ＬＶＳＰ与＋ｄｐ／ｄｔｍａｘ呈正相关，Ｐ＜０．０５。提示输精管结扎可提高心肌收缩功能。     

高血压病患者左室肥厚与QT离散度的关系

目的：探讨高血压病患者左室肥厚与ＱＴ离散度的关系。方法：７０例高血压病患者,分为左室肥厚组（ｎ＝ ３１）及无左室肥厚组（ｎ＝ ３９）,用超声心动图测量左室重量（ＬＶＭ）及左室重量指数（ＬＶＭＩ）。从１２ 导联心电图同步测量ＱＴ离散度（ＱＴｄ）、ＱＴｃｄ 并分析两者间相互关系。结果：高血压伴左室肥厚者ＱＴｄ 及ＱＴｃｄ 较无左室肥厚者明显增大（Ｐ均＜ ０．０１）;高血压Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期之间比较,显示：Ⅱ、Ⅲ期与Ⅰ期相比,Ｐ 均＜ ０．０１;Ⅱ期与Ⅰ期相比,Ｐ＞ ０．０５。左室肥厚伴室性心律失常者ＱＴｄ 及ＱＴｃｄ 与无心律失常者两组相比,Ｐ均＜ ０．０１。结论：高血压病患者伴左室肥厚组ＱＴｄ 及ＱＴｃｄ 比无左室肥厚组明显增大。左室肥厚组伴室性心律失常比无室性心律失常组明显增大。高血压Ⅲ期与Ⅰ、Ⅱ期患者ＱＴｄ 及ＱＴｃｄ 相比,差别有显著性,Ｐ均＜ ０．０１;ＱＴｄ 与ＬＶＭＩ两者呈正相关（ｒ＝ ０．４,Ｐ＜ ０．０５）     

胃癌部位和类型变化的内窥镜研究

我们将１９８０年５月至１９９３年３月由内镜确诊的６３３例胃癌病人按照不同时期分为２组。Ⅰ组，１９８０年５月～１９８６年１０月（ｎ＝２３７）；Ⅱ组，１９８６年１１月～１９９３年３月（ｎ＝３９６）。研究结果表明，Ⅱ组病人贲门癌的发病率明显增高（Ｐ＜０．０５），胃窦癌的发病率明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０２５）。而ＢｏｒｒｍａｎｎⅠ型、Ⅱ型胃癌的比例明显降低，而Ⅲ型胃癌的比例明显增高（Ｐ＜０．０５），Ⅳ型和不定型胃癌的比例也相对提高。提示，近年来胃癌的部位和类型可能发生了重要变化。     

右心室收缩功能与诱发压力感受性反射

家兔２０只经麻醉、制动、人工呼吸后，增／减颈动脉窦压力感受器（ＣＳＢ）的刺激，诱发颈动脉窦压力感受性反射（ＣＳＢＲ）。结果：①增强ＣＳＢ的刺激，ＬＶＳＰ、ＲＶＳＰ、ＬＶ＋ｄｐ／ｄｔ ｍａｘ、ＲＶ＋ｄｐ／ｄｔ ｍａｘ、ＬＶ－ｄｐ／ｄｔ ｍａｘ、ＲＶ－ｄｐ／ｄｔ减小；减弱ＣＳＢ的刺激，上述指标增加（Ｐ均〈０．０１）；②右心室动力学指标的变化与左心室动力学指标及ＭＡＰ的变动值，经统计学分析不相关；③ＣＳ     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.