微弹簧圈定位在胸腔镜肺小结节切除术中的应用

目的探讨术前CT引导下微弹簧圈定位在胸腔镜孤立性肺小结节切除术中的应用价值。方法 2014年5月~2016年4月,对21例单发肺部小结节病灶经术前定位后行胸腔镜手术切除。结节直径7~21(10.3±8.0)mm,距离脏层胸膜深度5~23(10.2±4.3)mm。术前1日在CT引导下行"拖尾法"微弹簧圈术前定位,胸腔镜下行病灶楔形切除术,送冰冻病理,如为恶性继续行胸腔镜下肺叶切除加纵隔淋巴结清扫术。结果全组21例肺小结节均成功经皮肺穿刺置入微弹簧圈。定位并发症为无症状气胸3例,均无需处理。胸腔镜术中发现微弹簧圈脱位3例,定位成功率85.7%(18/21)。21例均行胸腔镜手术切除。病理确诊原位癌5例,腺癌11例,非典型腺瘤样增生1例,炎症2例,炎性假瘤1例,肺内转移瘤1例。结论 CT引导下微弹簧圈定位用于肺内小结节术前定位是一种简单、直观、有效、精确的方法,值得推广。     

胸腔镜切除术前CT引导下记忆合金定位弹簧圈精准定位肺小结节

目的 观察电视胸腔镜手术（VATS）前CT引导下肺结节记忆合金定位弹簧圈对精准定位肺小结节的价值。方法 对92例患者共102个肺小结节（直径≤ 2 cm）于VATS前行CT引导下记忆合金定位弹簧圈定位,定位后24 h内行VATS手术切除结节,观察定位效果及并发症。结果 102个肺小结节定位成功率为98.04%（100/102）,定位操作时间8~45 min,平均（17.26±5.92）min;2例2个结节VATS术中发现弹簧圈自肺组织内脱出滞留于胸壁;定位后少量气胸发生率10.78%（11/102）,少量肺泡出血发生率12.75%（13/102）,均无症状而未予处理。102个结节均经VATS成功切除,无中转开胸病例。结论 VATS术前CT引导下肺结节记忆合金定位弹簧圈可有效定位肺小结节,且安全性较好。     

电视胸腔镜手术前SPECT/CT引导Sens-cure针穿刺定位肺小结节

目的观察电视胸腔镜手术(VATS)前SPECT/CT引导Sens-cure针穿刺定位肺小结节(直径≤10 mm)的价值。方法对19例肺小结节患者行SPECT/CT引导下经皮穿刺定位,共定位21个肺小结节;之后行VATS,根据定位器位置寻找靶病灶,并予以局部楔形切除。观察定位成功率、穿刺定位时间、肺结节大小、胸膜下距离、并发症及病理类型等。结果经皮穿刺定位肺小结节成功率100%,平均定位时间(15.0±3.1)min;病灶最大径(7.1±1.8)mm,胸膜下距离(17.8±5.8)mm;而后均成功完成VATS,完整切除靶病灶,无脱靶。术后病理诊断其中16个(16/21,76.19%)为病变恶性。穿刺后并发症包括少量出血2例、少量气胸3例。结论VATS术前SPECT/CT引导Sens-cure针穿刺定位肺小结节安全有效,可提高VATS成功率。     

对比CT引导肺结节定位针与弹簧圈定位针术前定位亚厘米肺结节效果

目的 对比术前于CT引导下以肺结节定位针与弹簧圈定位针定位亚厘米肺结节的效果。方法 55例亚厘米肺结节(孤立性肺结节,最大径4～10 mm,距胸膜<50 mm)患者于电视辅助胸腔镜手术(VATS)前48 h内接受CT引导下定位病灶,其中30例采用肺结节定位针(定位针组)、25例采用弹簧圈定位针(弹簧圈组),对比2种方法定位时间、CT扫描次数、定位成功率、病灶楔形切除时间、手术成功率及并发症。结果 55例均顺利完成术前定位且VATS均成功切除病灶。2种定位方法之间,CT扫描次数、病灶楔形切除时间及气胸、肺内出血发生率差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。以定位针定位时间长于弹簧圈(P=0.001)。结论 术前于CT引导下以肺结节定位针与弹簧圈定位针定位亚厘米肺结节的安全性和有效性相当,后者操作时间更短。     

胸腔镜术前CT引导下新型肺结节定位针定位肺小结节

目的 观察胸腔镜术前CT引导下新型肺结节定位针定位肺小结节的效果。方法 回顾性分析50例肺结节患者共53枚肺小结节,直径5.0~15.0 mm,均于CT引导下以新型肺结节定位针定位病灶后接受电视辅助胸腔镜手术（VATS）,观察定位效果及并发症。结果 对50例53个病灶均成功植入锚定定位针,定位成功率为100%（53/53）。穿刺过程中9例（9/50,18.00%）穿刺针道附近轻微出血;定位术中14例（14/50,28.00%）出现轻度气胸,1例（1/50,2.00%）发生胸膜反应。8例于定位当日、42例于次日接受VATS;术中按定位针指导均成功找到并切除病灶。结论 CT引导下新型肺结节定位针VATS术前定位肺小结节效果佳且安全。     

记忆合金定位针在胸腔镜肺小结节切除术中的应用价值

目的:探讨术前一次性使用肺结节记忆合金定位针在胸腔镜肺小结节切除术中的可行性、准确性及安全性。方法:2022年10月至2023年2月为40例单发肺小结节患者经术前定位后行胸腔镜切除术。结节直径5～19 mm,平均(11.0±4.1)mm;距脏层胸膜深度5～23 mm,平均(10.2±4.3)mm。胸腔镜术前在CT引导下采用一次性使用肺结节记忆合金定位针定位。结果:全组40例肺小结节均成功经皮肺穿刺置入记忆合金定位针，“宝塔形弹簧圈”前端均锚定在肺结节附近。定位并发症为无症状气胸3例，少量肺内出血3例，均无需处理。术中发现定位成功率100%,无“宝塔形弹簧圈”脱位。手术时间平均(31.7±10.4)min,术中出血(8.7±4.5)mL,术后平均住院(3.0±1.5)d。结论:CT引导下一次性使用肺结节记忆合金定位针用于肺小结节术前定位是安全、有效、简单的定位方法，尤其对于体积小、实性成分少的磨玻璃结节，具有重要的临床应用价值，值得推广应用。     

肺内小结节的术前定位在胸腔镜外科手术中的应用价值

目的探讨肺内小结节电视胸腔镜手术(video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery,VATS)术前采用CT引导下Hook-wire或亚甲蓝定位的临床价值。方法 90例肺内小结节手术患者共94枚小结节,VATS术前均行CT引导下Hook-wire或亚甲蓝定位。评价术前定位的成功率、并发症、转开胸手术发生率、术后病理类型等。结果 Hookwire钢丝定位72枚,成功率91.7%;亚甲蓝注射定位22枚,成功率86.4%。穿刺后发现并发少量血胸6例(6.4%),并发少量气胸8例(8.5%)。转开胸手术4例,占4.4%。术后经病理证实良性病灶36枚,占38.3%,恶性病灶58枚,占61.7%。结论术前CT引导下Hook-wire或亚甲蓝定位肺内小结节方法准确率高,并发症少,能提高VATS手术成功率,对肺内小结节的胸腔镜手术诊治具有很好的临床价值。     

微弹簧圈用于肺内磨玻璃影术前定位的临床研究

目的探讨微弹簧圈在CT引导下定位肺内磨玻璃影(Ground-glass opacity,GGO)对精准切除病变部位的临床应用价值。方法收集2016年1月至2017年12月在本科室通过电视胸腔镜手术(Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery,VAST)切除GGO的50例患者的临床资料。其中25例患者术前行微弹簧圈定位,25例患者术前行Hookwire定位。对比分析两组入选患者在定位准确性、出血量、疼痛程度、定位时间和脱位情况等状况,评价术前应用微弹簧圈定位对于病灶切除的安全性及其对VATS术的获益价值。结果微弹簧圈组病灶定位成功率96%,术后出现气胸2例、肺表面出血2例、弹簧圈脱落2例等并发症,Hookwire组手术成功率64%,术后出现气胸3例、肺表面出血4例、脱落4例等并发症,两组在定位时间上存在明显差异,具有统计学意义(P0.05),在定位准确性及并发症上无明显差异,无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论在肺内GGO行VAST前给予CT引导下微弹簧圈定位,定位精准、并发症少,有利于快速、精准发现病灶,值得广泛推广和应用。     

肺结节胸腔镜切除术前微弹簧圈定位相关并发症及其影响因素

目的 观察电视辅助肺结节胸腔镜切除术（VATS）术前定位微弹簧圈相关并发症,并分析其影响因素。方法 回顾性分析160例肺结节患者（160个结节）,均于VATS切除结节前行CT引导下微弹簧圈定位,统计定位术后并发症,分析其影响因素。结果 160例结肺节均以微弹簧圈成功定位,术中26例出现气胸,37例发生肺内出血,未见空气栓塞。所有患者于次日接受VATS,术中均未发现微弹簧圈移位。单因素分析结果显示,患者体位（P=0.04）、结节距胸膜距离（P=0.03）及穿刺次数（P<0.01）与微弹簧圈定位术后发生气胸相关,结节距胸膜距离（P=0.03）与微弹簧圈定位术后发生肺内出血相关。多因素分析结果显示,患者体位、结节距胸膜距离及穿刺次数是微弹簧圈定位术后发生气胸的独立危险因素（P均<0.05）,结节距胸膜距离则是肺内出血的独立危险因素（P=0.01）。结论 肺结节VATS术前微弹簧圈定位可出现气胸和肺内出血,前者与结节距胸膜距离、患者体位及穿刺次数相关,后者仅与结节距胸膜距离相关。     

胸腔镜术前CT引导下双弹簧圈标记定位孤立性肺结节

目的探讨术前CT引导下双弹簧圈精准标记定位在胸腔镜下切除孤立性肺结节(SPN)中的临床应用。方法对我院经胸部CT发现的45例SPN患者,术前采用CT引导下双弹簧圈精准标记定位,然后于当日或次日行胸腔镜楔形切除肺内病灶。记录弹簧圈定位时间,术中、术后并发症,观察弹簧圈在术中的引导作用。结果 CT引导下双弹簧圈可精准标记、定位肺内微小结节,成功率100%,定位操作平均时间为(18.0±5.3)min。定位后无气胸、咯血发生,沿穿刺针道及弹簧圈周围少量渗血8例(8/45,17.78%);未发生弹簧圈移位、脱落。患者均接受胸腔镜手术治疗。胸腔镜进入胸腔后均能看到标记弹簧圈并可迅速找到病灶,获得病理结果。结论采用双微弹簧圈进行SPN胸腔镜手术前精准标记定位,具有安全、准确、方便、易于操作的优点,值得临床推广应用。     

Microcoil localization as an effective adjunct to thoracoscopic resection of pulmonary nodules in children

Background/PurposeThoracoscopic excision of pulmonary nodules is often required for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes, however subpleural and sub-centimeter nodules can be difficult to visualize. Various CT-guided localization techniques have been described, though there is minimal published pediatric data regarding the use of microcoils. We hypothesize that microcoil localization facilitates thoracoscopic resection of pulmonary nodules in children.MethodsA multi-institutional retrospective review of children who underwent preoperative CT-guided localization of lung nodules was conducted from 2012 to 2019. A combination of methylene blue dye (MBD), wires, and microcoils were utilized for CT-guided localization. When microcoils were utilized, fluoroscopy assisted in lesion identification and resection.ResultsEighteen patients (mean age 13 years, range 2–21 years) underwent thoracoscopic resection of 24 preoperatively localized pulmonary nodules. Mean size and depth of the lesions were 5.5 mm and 10 mm, respectively. Microcoil placement was successful 95% of the time and assisted in lesion localization in 88% of cases. Wire localization was not a durable technique, as 3 of 5 wires became dislodged upon lung  isolation.ConclusionsPreoperative CT-guided localization with microcoils can assist in fluoroscopic-guided resection of pulmonary nodules in children. This technique avoids the pitfall of wire dislodgement, and provides surgeons an additional technique to localize sub-centimeter, subpleural nodules.Type of StudyRetrospective Review.Level of EvidenceLevel III.     

Peripheral lung nodules: fluoroscopically guided video-assisted thoracoscopic resection after computed tomography-guided localization using platinum microcoils

OBJECTIVES: We sought to test the safety and efficacy of fluoroscopically guided, video-assisted, thoracoscopic resection after computed tomography (CT)-guided localization using platinum microcoils. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) resection of small pulmonary nodules >5 mm deep to the visceral pleura fails to locate the nodule and requires conversion to open thoracotomy in two thirds of cases. Therefore, we developed a new technique for intraoperative localization of these nodules using CT-guided placement of platinum microcoils. This study tests the safety and efficacy of this technique in a Phase I human study. METHODS: Twelve patients with undiagnosed growing pulmonary nodules <20 mm were marked preoperatively using percutaneously placed CT-guided platinum microcoils. The coil was deployed adjacent to the nodule with the distal end of the coil placed deep to the nodule and the superficial end coiled on the pleural surface. The nodule and coil were excised using endostaplers guided by VATS and fluoroscopy. Histopathologic diagnosis was performed immediately after resection. RESULTS: CT-guided microcoil localization was successful in all patients. A small hemothorax and a pneumothorax requiring a chest tube occurred in 2 patients. Mean distance from visceral pleura to the deep edge of the nodule was 30.9 +/- 15.4 mm. VATS resection of the nodules (size = 11.8 +/- 3.2 mm) was successful in all patients. Mean microcoil localization, fluoroscopy, and operative times were 42 +/- 14, 3.1 +/- 2.0, and 67 +/- 27 minutes. A diagnosis of primary nonsmall cell bronchogenic carcinoma was made in 6 patients who then received a completion lobectomy. Six patients (hamartoma: 2, reactive lymph node: 1, bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma: 2, metastatic sarcoma: 1) did not receive further resections. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative localization of pulmonary nodules using percutaneous CT-guided platinum microcoil insertion combined with operative fluoroscopic visualization is a safe, effective technique that increases the success rate of VATS excision.     

Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for pulmonary nodules: rationale for preoperative computed tomography-guided hookwire localization.

OBJECTIVES: Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) provides a minimally invasive means to resect pulmonary nodules (PN). Deep localization of PN may jeopardize VATS lung resection. The aim of this study was to establish the utility of preoperative computed tomography (CT)-guided hookwire localization of PN. METHODS: Between January 1993 and September 2001, we performed 151 VATS resections for PN. Preoperative CT-guided hookwire localization was not performed in 98 patients (group I); it was done just before surgery in 53 patients (group II) when, at CT scan, the distance of PN from the lung surface was >15 and/or when the size was <10 mm. RESULTS: Pneumothorax occurred in four patients (7.5%). Hookwire dislodged in four patients, but the hematoma left on the visceral pleura made thoracoscopic localization possible in three of these. Seventeen patients (17%) in group I and 4 (7.5%) in group II required conversion to thoracotomy (P< or =0.05). The most common reason for conversion was impossibility to localize PN in group I (nine cases) and deep localization requiring local enucleation in group II (two cases). In 31 group II patients (58%) hookwire positioning led to successful VATS resection that would otherwise have been impossible because PN were neither visible nor palpable. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative CT-guided hookwire localization for pulmonary nodules is an effective technique which allows VATS resection of PN <10 mm located >15 mm from the pleural surface. Even when PN are subpleural but <10 mm, hookwire localization makes VATS resection faster. Apical and diaphragmatic localization of PN are limitations to the procedure.     

Video-assisted thoracic surgery

Background: This prospective study was conducted to investigate the value of video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) for staging and therapy of thoracic tumors. Methods: VATS was performed in 86 patients presenting peripheral pulmonary nodules. Indications for thoracoscopy included diagnosis of indeterminated pulmonary lesions (n= 55), staging of disseminated disease (n= 24), and therapeutic interventions (n= 7). Previous or simultaneous tumors belonged to gastrointestinal tract (n= 27), sarcoma (n= 19), breast (n= 12), and miscellaneous. VATS was carried out under general anesthesia using double lumen intubation. Results: VATS was successfully performed in 78% of patients. It was converted in 19 patients (22%) because of adhesions (n= 12), technical problems (n= 3), and lesions not to be found (n= 4). VATS revealed malignancy in 81% and benign lesions in 19%. Additional information compared to conventional staging was obtained in 48%, resulting in therapeutic consequences in 34% of the patients. Postoperative complications related to VATS were observed in nine patients. Conclusions: In this study, VATS proved to be a sensitive technique for staging of pulmonary lesions. Thoracoscopic wedge resection may have significant impact on the operative management of carefully selected patients with peripheral pulmonary lesions.     

Video-assisted S6b-subsegmental resection after computed tomography guided localization of pulmonary nodules

A 38-year-old man, who had undergone surgery for gastric cancer one year previously, was found to have two pulmonary nodules (PNs: 10mm in diameter) on chest radiography. Computed tomography (CT) revealed one of these nodules to be located near the B⁶b in the right lung hilus, while the other was located in the superficial region of the left lower lobe. Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) was performed, for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. In this procedure, after preoperative CT-guided marking, simultaneous subsegmental resection of the right S⁶b and VATS wedge resection of the left lower lobe were performed successfully with adequate surgical margin. Histological diagnosis was compatible with metastatic pulmonary tumor from a gastric carcinoma primary. This case demonstrates that preoperative CT-guided localization can facilitate safe VATS subsegmental resection of a small deep pulmonary nodule.     

Surgical procedure of segmentectomy as a possible cause of postoperative cerebral embolism: a case report

Video assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) can currently be used to diagnose and treat pulmonary nodules. However, intraoperative location of pulmonary nodules in VATS is challenging due to their small diameter and deep location in the pulmonary parenchyma. The purpose of this study was to report the clinical safety and effectiveness of CT-guided hook-wire for preoperative localization of malignant pulmonary nodules smaller than 1 cm in diameter. From February 2017 to January 2018, we collected the data of 80 patients with malignant pulmonary nodules less than 1 cm in diameter who underwent CT-guided hook-wire preoperative localization and VATS surgery. The effectiveness of preoperative localization was evaluated based on surgical duration, success rate of VATS surgery, and localization-related complications. The diameter of pulmonary nodules were 0.85 ± 0.17 mm with a distance to the pleural surface of 19.66 ± 14.10 mm. The length of the hook-wire in the lung parenchyma was 29.17 ± 13.14 mm and hook-wire dislodgement occurred in 2 patients. Complications included 27 cases of minor pneumothorax and 18 cases of mild parenchymal hemorrhage. A significant correlation was observed between the length of the hook-wire in the lung parenchyma and mild parenchymal hemorrhage (P = 0.044). The average time of hook-wire localization was 9.0 ± 2.6 min and the average operation time for VATS was 89.02 ± 23.35 min without conversion thoracotomy. CT-guided hook-wire localization of the lesion during VATS resection is safe for malignant pulmonary nodules with diameter less than 1 cm.     

Video-assisted S<Superscript>6</Superscript>b-subsegmental resection after computed tomography guided localization of pulmonary nodules

A 38-year-old man, who had undergone surgery for gastric cancer one year previously, was found to have two pulmonary nodules (PNs: 10mm in diameter) on chest radiography. Computed tomography (CT) revealed one of these nodules to be located near the B⁶b in the right lung hilus, while the other was located in the superficial region of the left lower lobe. Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) was performed, for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. In this procedure, after preoperative CT-guided marking, simultaneous subsegmental resection of the right S⁶b and VATS wedge resection of the left lower lobe were performed successfully with adequate surgical margin. Histological diagnosis was compatible with metastatic pulmonary tumor from a gastric carcinoma primary. This case demonstrates that preoperative CT-guided localization can facilitate safe VATS subsegmental resection of a small deep pulmonary nodule.