槲皮素对大鼠DRG神经元Nav1.8电流的作用及机制

研究槲皮素(Que)对大鼠脊髓背根神经节(DRG)神经元Nav1.8通道电流(I_Nav1.8)的作用。在急性分离的大鼠DRG神经元上,用全细胞膜片钳技术,观察Que干预I_Nav1.8的剂量-反应关系以及Que影响的Nav1.8通道电压依赖的激活和失活特性。结果显示Que(10,30,100 μmol/L)可浓度依赖地抑制DRG神经元I_Nav1.8峰值,峰值抑制率分别为(15.32±3.43)%,(22.92±8.24)%和(47.29±11.42)%,半数抑制浓度(IC₅₀)为121.38 μmol/L,Hill系数为0.76;100 μmol/L Que可使DRG神经元的Nav1.8通道激活曲线向去极化方向偏移了0.83 mV,失活曲线向超极化方向偏移了1.86 mV;且与干预前比,半数失活电压(V_1/2)为-(40.23±0.25)mV,有显著性差异(P<0.01)。说明Que可浓度依赖和电压依赖地抑制DRG神经元Nav1.8通道活性,进而降低痛觉信息的传递,改善慢性内脏痛。     

和厚朴酚对小鼠背根神经节河豚毒素敏感型钠电流的影响

采用全细胞膜片钳技术,观察和厚朴酚(honokiol,Hnk)对急性分离的小鼠背根神经节上河豚毒素敏感型(TTX-S)钠电流及其通道动力学的影响,探讨Hnk可能的镇痛机制及作用靶点。结果显示:和厚朴酚浓度依赖性地抑制TTX-S钠电流,30 μmol/L和厚朴酚可以使稳态激活曲线向较正电压方向偏移达10.2 mV,通道失活后恢复时间明显延长,但对稳态失活动力学特征无明显的影响。     

神经病理性痛大鼠背根神经节神经元钠电流的变化

目的 钠通道在神经病理性疼痛中的作用尚不十分明确,仍有许多疑题待研究.文中研究神经病理性痛模型大鼠背根神经节(dorsal root ganglion,DRG)神经元钠电流的变化. 方法 SD雄性大鼠,周龄4～6周,采用结扎L5脊神经的方法建立神经病理性痛模型.于术后14d时采用酶消化法急性分离模型组损伤侧组(SNL组)以及假手术组(Sham组)L5 DRG神经元,采用全细胞膜片钳技术记录神经元钠电流. 结果 SNL-L5组 DRG神经元河豚毒素敏感型钠电流(TTX-S INa)密度峰值较Sham组增高(P＜0.05),河豚毒素非敏感型钠电流(TTX-R INa)密度峰值较Sham组降低(P＜0.05).与Sham组比较,SNL组TTX-S INa的激活曲线向超极化移动了8.5mY(P＜0.05),稳态失活曲线变化没有统计学意义(P＞0.05);TTX-R INa激活向超极化移动7.4mV(P ＜0.05),稳态失活曲线向去极化方向移动9.6mV(P ＜0.05). 结论 神经病理性疼痛模型大鼠损伤DRG神经元2种钠电流发生了不同的变化,提示损伤神经元不同类型的钠通道在神经病理性痛过程中发挥着不同的作用.     

东亚钳蝎毒素多肽对河豚毒素敏感型钠电流的作用

目的:蝎毒素是一种神经毒素,其对周围神经系统钠通道的作用尚不十分清楚,仍有许多疑题待研究.文中研究东亚钳蝎毒素多肽224(BmK224)对大鼠背根神经节(DRG)神经元电压依赖性河豚毒素敏感型钠电流(TTX-S INa)的影响.方法:分离单个DRG神经元,应用全细胞膜片钳技术观察BmK224对TTX-S INa的影响.结果:BmK224浓度依赖性地抑制TTX-S INa,40μg/ml BmK224使TTX-S INa稳态激活和失活曲线都向超极化方向移动,复活时间延长.可激活通道数增加. 结论:BmK224影响钠通道激活失活过程的作用机制可能是所含的α-蝎毒素使钠通道构象发生改变.     

外源性硫化氢通过ATP敏感钾通道诱导人子宫肌瘤细胞凋亡

目的探讨ATP敏感钾通道（K_ATP）在外源性硫化氢（H₂S）诱导人子宫肌瘤细胞凋亡中的作用。方法用硫氢化钠(NaHS)作为H₂S的供体处理原代培养的人子宫肌瘤细胞,K_ATP通道抑制剂格列本脲(Gly)预处理细胞。实验分为对照组、不同浓度NaHS组、ATP敏感性钾通道（K_ATP）抑制剂组和Gly + NaHS组。用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率,采用实时定量PCR和Western blot分别检测p53和bcl-2 mRNA和蛋白的表达。结果与对照组比较,NaHS（10^-4 和10^-3 mol/L）处理人子宫肌瘤细胞24和48 h后以剂量和时间依赖的方式增加了细胞的凋亡率（均P<0.05）。与对照组比较,NaHS（10^-4 mol/L）处理人子宫肌瘤细胞24 h后p53的表达显著增加（P＜0.05）,而bcl-2表达显著降低（P＜0.05）。Gly没有影响人子宫肌瘤细胞的凋亡率、p53和bcl-2的表达,但部分地拮抗NaHS的致凋亡作用以及NaHS诱导的子宫肌瘤细胞中p53表达的上调和bcl-2表达的下调（均P<0.05）。结论外源性H₂S诱导子宫肌瘤细胞凋亡,其机制与H₂S开放K_ATP通道有关。     

尼可刹米对新生大鼠海马神经元钠通道的影响

目的:观察尼可刹米对新生大鼠海马神经元电压依赖性钠通道的影响.方法:制备大鼠海马脑组织切片,灌流含5 mg/L尼可刹米的人工脑脊液,应用全细胞膜片钳技术记录给药前、给药后10 min脑组织切片海马神经元电压依赖性钠电流,绘制给药前后钠通道的钠电流一测试电压(I-V)曲线、稳态激活曲线和稳态失活曲线.结果:尼可刹米在脑电位-50-+20 mV范围内增大钠电流.尼可刹米使钠通道稳态激活曲线中钠通道半数激活电压由(-34.6±3.07)mV变为(-37.63±3.37)mV(t=3.38,P=0.02),曲线向超极化方向变化;尼可刹米使钠通道的稳态失活曲线中钠通道半数失活电压由(-43.36±3.06)mV变为(-33.24±2.05)mV(t=6.13,P=0.002),曲线向去极化方向变化.结论:增加电压依赖性钠电流可能是尼可刹米兴奋中枢神经元的作用机制之一.     

尼可刹米对新生大鼠大脑皮层神经元钠通道的兴奋作用

目的 观察尼可刹米对新生大鼠皮层神经元电压依赖性钠通道的作用.方法 应用全细胞膜片钳技术观察尼可刹米对新生大鼠脑片皮层神经元电压依赖性钠电流的作用.结果 尼可刹米增加皮层神经元河豚毒素(TTX)敏感性电压依赖钠电流;尼可刹米使钠通道稳态激活曲线向超极化方向移动,钠通道半数激活电压(V1/2)从给予尼可刹米前的(-34.67±3.07)mV变为给予尼可刹米后的(-37.63±3.37)mV(n=10,P<0.05);尼可刹米使钠通道的稳态失活曲线向去极化方向移动,钠通道半数失活电压(V1/2)从给予尼可刹米前的(-43.36±3.06)mV变为给予尼可刹米后的(-33.24±2.05)mV(n=10,P<0.01).结论 尼可刹米通过改变皮层神经元钠通道的动力学特征来增加电压依赖性钠电流,这可能是尼可刹米兴奋中枢神经元的作用机制之一.     

氯胺酮对大鼠海马神经元瞬间外向钾电流的抑制作用

目的：观察氯胺酮对大鼠海马锥体神经元瞬间外向钾电流（I_A）的影响。方法：酶消化法急性分离Wistar大鼠海马锥体神经元,采用全细胞膜片钳技术测定I_A。加用不同浓度（10、30、100、300和1 000 μmol/L）氯胺酮后,计算I_A抑制率,建立氯胺酮的浓度-效应曲线,选择30 μmol/L氯胺酮作I_A稳态激活（及失活）曲线。结果：10 μmol/L的氯胺酮对I_A的电流幅度无影响;30、100、300和1 000 μmol/L的氯胺酮对I_A的电流幅度抑制率分别为（11±2）%、（22±3）%、（45±5）%和(53±5)%。IC₅₀为（130±24）μmol/L, Hill系数为1.19±0.56。30 μmol/L氯胺酮使激活曲线的半数最大激活膜电位（V _{1/ 2}）从（-8.70±0.13） mV 移动到 （-11.2±2.10） mV (n=8, P<0.05), K从（15.0±4.6） mV移动到（17.6±5.7）mV (n=8, P>0.05);失活曲线的V _1/2从（-75.53±7.98） mV移动到（-91.94±11.85） mV（n=8, P < 0.05）,K从（10.5±2.2） mV移动到（8.0±1.2） mV（n=8, P>0.05）。30 μmol/L氯胺酮使I_A的激活和失活曲线均向超极化方向明显移动。 结论： 临床浓度的氯胺酮能够同时加速I_A的激活和失活过程,但加速I_A失活的能力大于其加速I_A激活的能力。氯胺酮对中枢神经系统的作用可能与I_A抑制有关。     

异丙酚对大鼠海马神经元低电压激活钙电流的抑制作用

目的：观察异丙酚对大鼠海马锥体神经元低电压激活钙电流［low-voltage-activated calcium currents, I _Ca(LVA) ］的影响。方法：培养Wistar大鼠海马锥体神经元,采用全细胞膜片钳技术测定I _Ca(LVA) 。加用不同浓度（3、10、30、100、300 μmol/L）异丙酚后,计算I _Ca(LVA)抑制率,建立异丙酚的浓度-效应曲线,选择20 μmol/L异丙酚作I_Ca(LVA)的激活及失活曲线。结果：3 μmol/L的异丙酚对I _Ca(LVA)的电流幅度无影响;10、30、100、300 μmol/L的异丙酚对I _Ca(LVA)的电流幅度抑制率分别为(12.6±4.1)%、(29.2±5.7)%、(36.6±5.3)%、(31.6±2.6)%。拟合后的浓度-效应曲线的IC₅₀为16.8 μmol/L,Hill系数为0.15。激活曲线的半数最大激活膜电位（V _1/2）由(-10±1) mV 移动到(-11±2) mV;K分别为12±1和8±1;失活曲线的V _1/2分别为(-25±1) mV和(-25±5) mV,K分别为15±1和16±3。20 μmol/L异丙酚均未使I _Ca(LVA)的激活曲线及稳态失活曲线发生明显移动。结论：异丙酚对I _Ca(LVA)通道有抑制作用,异丙酚对中枢神经系统的麻醉作用可能与I _Ca(LVA)抑制有关。     

表达心脏SCN5A基因的人胚肾细胞钠电流特性及其对钠通道阻滞剂的反应性

目的 利用人胚肾293细胞表达心脏钠通道SCN5A基因并研究其钠电流特性和对钠通道阻滞剂的反应性.方法 野生型SCN5A基因和SCN1B基因共表达于人胚肾293细胞,应用全细胞膜片钳技术记录给药(氟卡尼与利多卡因)前后的钠电流.结果 SCN5A基因转染效率约为60%;测试电压为-40 mV时记录到钠电流峰值大小约为-8 nA;100 μmol/L的氟卡尼轻度抑制钠电流,使钠电流峰值减少(21.1±4.6)%[(-435.8±30.5) pA/pF vs.(-343.9±27.1) pA/pF,P＜0.01];氟卡尼使钠通道激活曲线和失活曲线均呈负向移动,改变的幅值分别是-6.08 mV[(-51.88±1.20) mV vs.(-57.96±0.79) mV,P＜0.05]和-9.08 mV[(-94.12±0.13) mV vs.(-103.20±0.11) mV,P＜0.05];1 Hz和10 Hz频率刺激时,氟卡尼使钠电流分别减少(64.5±10.7)%和(83.5±12.2)%(P＜0.01);30 μmol/L利多卡因使钠通道失活后快恢复时间常数和慢恢复时间常数分别延长2倍和3倍.结论 表达心脏钠通道SCN5A基因的人胚肾293细胞模型可用于基因特异性的钠通道阻滞剂安全性与药效学筛查.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.