急性等容血液稀释对颅脑手术病人凝血和纤溶功能的影响

目的：探讨急性等容血液稀释对颅脑肿瘤手术患者的凝血和纤溶功能的影响。方法：选择全麻下行开颅肿瘤切除病人１２例，在麻醉稳定后由挠动脉放血（８ｍｌ／ｋｇ），同时经肘静脉等速输入等量的海脉素。从右颈内静脉置入Ｓｗａｎ－Ｇａｎｚ漂浮导管监测血流动力学参数。分别于血液稀释前、后检测ＫＰＴＴ、ＰＴ、Ｄ２、３Ｐ、ＰＬＣ、ＨＣＴ、ＰＣＷＰ、ＳＶ及ＣＯ。结果：与血液稀释相比，ＰＴ明显延长（Ｐ〈０．０５），ＰＬＣ、Ｈ     

急性等容血液稀释对组织氧合及凝血功能的影响

目的了解急性等容血液稀释自体输血对组织氧合及凝血功能的影响.方法选择ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级15例颅脑肿瘤患者,手术前经桡动脉采血8～10 ml/kg,同时经颈内静脉输入等容量血定安稀释血液,手术结束前自体血回输.血液稀释前后及自体血回输前后各时点监测循环动力学指标、血液成分指标、动静脉血气分析指标和凝血功能指标.结果采血量(575±118) ml; 急性等容血液稀释后HR、MAP、CVP稳定;Hct、Hb明显下降(P<0.05);CaO2、CvO2稍下降(P>0.05), 而O2RE略升高(P>0.05),SvO2、pH、BE值均在正常范围;Plt、Fib下降(P<0.05),PT、APTT、TT无明显延长.结论适度的急性等容血液稀释循环动力学稳定;对组织氧合及凝血功能无明显影响;用于颅脑肿瘤手术能减少或避免对库血的需求,所具有的血液保护作用安全有效,临床可以推广应用.     

颅脑手术中急性等容血液稀释对脑氧供和氧耗的影响(附8例报告)

目的：研究颅脑手术中急性等容血液稀释对脑氧供和氧耗的影响。方法：选择8例颅脑肿瘤切除术患者在全身麻醉后,从桡动脉放血,同时经颈内静脉等速输入等量的海脉素进行血液稀释。监测血液稀释前后血流动力学的改变,并抽取动脉血力颈内静脉血作血气分析,颈内静脉抽血作乳酸测定,计算氧摄取率,氧供和氧耗。结果：稀释后患者的心输出量、心脏指数明显升高,与稀释前比较,有显著性差异（P＜0．05）,组织氧供显著增,在流动力学稳定,大脑氧供和氧耗维持正常水平,与稀释前比较没有显著性差异（P＞0．05）。结论：对颅脑手术的患者行急性等容血液稀释后可使组织氧供增加,脑组织的氧供、氧耗正常,该方法是一种安全有效的血液保护方法。     

聚明胶肽注射液用于急性等容血液稀释的实验研究

目的研究聚明胶肽作为血浆代用品用于急性等容血液稀释对犬血流动力学、氧代谢和血液流变学的影响,为聚明胶肽的临床应用提供实验依据.方法选择14例健康杂种犬,随机分为聚明胶肽组(P组,n=7)和贺斯组(H组,n=7),经左颈外静脉置入5FSwan-Ganz漂浮导管,股动脉、股静脉置管.监测心电图及各血流动力学指标.经股动脉放血,同时以相同速率经股静脉输入同量聚明胶肽(P组)和贺斯(H组).在血液稀释前、血液稀释即刻、稀释后60 min、120 min抽取股动脉、股静脉和肺动脉血检测血液流变学指标,并进行血气分析.结果两组动物在血液稀释后HR、MAP、MPAP、PCWP、CVP均无明显变化,CO和CI值在血液稀释后上升明显,TVRI和PVRI在稀释后下降.红细胞压积、全血粘度,红细胞聚集指数均有所下降(P＜0.05).两且动物动脉血pH值、动脉氧分压(PaO2)、动脉血氧饱和度(SaO2)均无显著变化(P＞0.05).两组组间比较各指标差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论聚明胶肽注射液进行中度的急性等容血液稀释血流动力学稳定,可增加组织血流灌注,保证氧供,是一种安全、有效的血浆代用品.     

急性等容血液稀释在体外循环心脏手术中的应用

目的 评估急性等容血液稀释(ANH)在体外循环心脏手术时血液保护、减少同种异体输血等方面的作用.方法 回顾体外循环下心脏手术646例临床资料,筛选其中524例,分为急性等容血液稀释组222例,非急性等容血液稀释组302例.急性等容血液稀释组患者血球压积在35%以上,血流动力学稳定,手术时通过腔静脉抽取自体血10～12 mL/kg,同时输入血浆代用品羟乙基淀粉500～1 500 mL,维持血容量,保持血流动力学稳定.非急性等容血液稀释组患者采用常规方法麻醉.结果 两组病人术前Hb、Hct比较有显著差异(P＜0.05),PLT比较无显著差异(P＞0.05);术后Hb、Hct、PLT相比较无显著差异(P＞0.05).两组病人术中和术后出血量比较无显著差异(P＞0.05),但术中输同种异体血差异非常显著(P＜0.01).结论 在体外循环心脏手术时,急性等容血液稀释可以减少术中和术后同种异体输血量.     

白藜芦醇苷对缺氧性肺动脉高压的作用

目的研究白藜芦醇苷对急性缺氧性肺动脉高压的血流动力学、纤溶系统及肺功能的作用.方法建立猪缺氧性肺动脉高压模型,观察静脉注射白藜芦醇苷前后的血液动力学、肺功能及血中纤溶指标的变化,并与对照组比较.结果用白藜芦醇苷后肺动脉压与用药前比较及与对照组比较均有显著下降(P＜0.01);心搏指数与对照组比较有所增加(P＜0.05);组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(t-PA)与用药前比较及与对照组比较有所增加(P＜0.05),血浆纤溶酶原激活剂抑制物的含量(PAI)与用药前比较及与对照组比较有所下降(P＜0.05).结论白藜芦醇苷可明显降低缺氧引起的肺动脉高压,增加心输出量,增强纤溶系统活性.     

虎杖对缺氧性肺动脉高压的作用及机制研究

目的:研究虎杖对急性缺氧性肺动脉高压血流动力学及纤溶系统的作用.方法:观察静脉注射虎杖注射液前后的血流动力学、纤溶指标的变化,并与对照组比较.结果:用虎杖后,肺动脉压与用药前比较及与对照组比较均有显著下降(P＜0.01);心脏指数与对照组比较有所增加(P＜0.05);组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(t-PA)与用药前比较及与对照组比较有所增加(P＜0.05),血浆纤溶酶原激活剂抑制物(PAI)的含量与用药前比较及与对照组比较有所下降(P＜0.05).结论:虎杖可明显降低缺氧引起的肺动脉高压,增加心输出量,增强纤溶系统活性.     

用万汶行急性高容量血液稀释对兔血流动力学及凝血功能的影响

目的 探讨使用万汶行急性高容量血液稀释(AHH)后对家兔血流动力学及凝血功能的影响.方法 健康家兔8只,麻醉后行颈内静脉、颈总动脉穿刺并接生理监测仪即时监测心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、中心静脉压(CVP),由颈内静脉输入万汶(15 ml/kg),速度为20 ml/min,分别于稀释前、稀释后30 min、稀释后60 min、稀释后120 min采血作血气分析、血常规及凝血四项检查.结果 与稀释前相比,稀释后家兔HR明显升高(P＜0.05),其他血流动力学指标变化不明显(P＞0.05).稀释后家兔血细胞压积(Hct)明显下降(P＜0.05).血红蛋白(Hb)、血小板计数(Plt)均明显减少(P＜0.05).活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)及凝血酶时间(TT)均有所延长,纤维蛋白原(FIB)有所减少,但与稀释前比较差异无显著性(P＞0.05).以上虽显示凝血功能有所降低,但与稀释前相比,差异无显著性.结论 用万汶行急性高容量血液稀释后家兔血流动力学稳定,对凝血功能影响较小.     

急性等容血液稀释自身输血应用于腹部肿瘤患者手术的可行性

异体输血可抑制免疫功能，因此避免或减少肿瘤手术患者术中异体输血，对肿瘤患者具有十分重要的意义。自身输血可减少术后感染的发生，提高机体免疫力，增加肿瘤患者的无病生存期，降低肿瘤复发率，提高肿瘤患者生存率。本文通过观察急性等容血液稀释自身输血对腹部肿瘤手术患者的血流动力学、血液学、血生化学、凝血功能及氧输送的影响，为临床上肿瘤患者有效地应用急性等容血液稀释自身输血提供参考依据。     

急性等容血液稀释在颅脑肿瘤手术中对血流动力学的影响

为了解颅脑肿瘤病人手术行急性等容血液稀释对血流动力学的影响 ,我们对 10例颅脑肿瘤手术病人进行了急性等容血液稀释的临床观察 ,现报告如下。1　资料与方法1 1　病例选择 :选择 10例ＡＳＡⅠ～Ⅱ级颅脑肿瘤手术病人 ,男 3例 ,女 7例 ,年龄 4 1± 9岁 ,体重 5 2±13ｋｇ ,其中脑胶质瘤 6例 ,脑膜瘤 4例 ,术前Ｈｂ≥110ｇ Ｌ ,全部病例心、肺、肝、肾及凝血功能正常。1 2　麻醉方法 :术前 30ｍｉｎ肌肉注射苯巴比妥钠0 1ｇ ,东莨菪碱 0 3ｍｇ。麻醉诱导 :2 5 %硫喷妥钠 (5～ 8)ｍｇ ｋｇ ,潘库溴铵 0 0 8ｍｇ ｋｇ ,芬太尼 (4～ 6 ) μ…     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.