卒中后失语症类型及其影响因素分析

目的 通过探讨性别、年龄、病变部位及卒中病因等与失语症类型之间的关系，探索影响卒中后失
语类型的因素。
方法 回顾性分析2004年1月-2018年12月于首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院就诊、因语言障碍进行
西部失语成套测验（western aphasia battery，WAB）的卒中后失语症患者临床资料。分析失语症类型与
性别、年龄、卒中类型、卒中病因及发病机制之间的关系。
结果 共纳入失语症患者681例，按照失语症类型分为完全性失语（global aphasia，GA）（n =185）、
运动性失语（broca’s aphasia，BA）（n =148）、经皮质混合性失语（mixed transcortical aphasia，MTCA）
（n =30）、经皮质运动性失语（transcortical motor aphasia，TCMA）（n =67）、感觉性失语（werni cke’s
aphasia，WA）（n =69）、经皮质感觉性失语（transcortical sensor aphasia，TCSA）（n =21）、传导性失
语（conduction aphasia，CA）（n =32）和命名性失语（anomic aphasia，NA）（n =129）。将患者分为青年组
（18～44岁）、中年组（45～59岁）、老年组（≥60岁），校正其他因素影响后，三组人群间失语症类型
无统计学差异。男性和女性患者的失语症类型也无统计学差异。各类型失语症患者的病变部位具有
异质性，除合并经典语言区损伤外，还可合并左侧基底节及丘脑损伤。在脑出血所致的各类型失语
症患者中，最常见的病因均为高血压（77.8%～100.0%）。脑梗死后GA患者中，最常见的卒中发病机制
是混合型（42.4%）和动脉-动脉栓塞（27.3%），而BA、WA及CA患者以动脉-动脉栓塞（分别占51.5%，
71.4%和40.0%）最常见，TCMA、TCSA及NA以低灌注/栓子清除能力下降（分别占65.9%，58.3%和
38.4%）最常见。
结论 年龄及性别对失语症类型均无明显影响。男性和女性患者均以GA、BA和NA最为常见。病变
部位对失语症类型具有重要影响，卒中病因及发病机制对失语症类型的影响可能与特定血管及血管
供血区损伤有关。     

卒中后失语症类型及其影响因素分析

目的 通过探讨性别、年龄、病变部位及卒中病因等与失语症类型之间的关系,探索影响卒中后失 语类型的因素。 方法 回顾性分析2004年1月-2018年12月于首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院就诊、因语言障碍进行 西部失语成套测验（western aphasia battery,WAB）的卒中后失语症患者临床资料。分析失语症类型与 性别、年龄、卒中类型、卒中病因及发病机制之间的关系。 结果 共纳入失语症患者681例,按照失语症类型分为完全性失语（global aphasia,GA）（n =185）、 运动性失语（broca’s aphasia,BA）（n =148）、经皮质混合性失语（mixed transcortical aphasia,MTCA） （n =30）、经皮质运动性失语（transcortical motor aphasia,TCMA）（n =67）、感觉性失语（werni cke’s aphasia,WA）（n =69）、经皮质感觉性失语（transcortical sensor aphasia,TCSA）（n =21）、传导性失 语（conduction aphasia,CA）（n =32）和命名性失语（anomic aphasia,NA）（n =129）。将患者分为青年组 （18～44岁）、中年组（45～59岁）、老年组（≥60岁）,校正其他因素影响后,三组人群间失语症类型 无统计学差异。男性和女性患者的失语症类型也无统计学差异。各类型失语症患者的病变部位具有 异质性,除合并经典语言区损伤外,还可合并左侧基底节及丘脑损伤。在脑出血所致的各类型失语 症患者中,最常见的病因均为高血压（77.8%～100.0%）。脑梗死后GA患者中,最常见的卒中发病机制 是混合型（42.4%）和动脉-动脉栓塞（27.3%）,而BA、WA及CA患者以动脉-动脉栓塞（分别占51.5%, 71.4%和40.0%）最常见,TCMA、TCSA及NA以低灌注/栓子清除能力下降（分别占65.9%,58.3%和 38.4%）最常见。 结论 年龄及性别对失语症类型均无明显影响。男性和女性患者均以GA、BA和NA最为常见。病变 部位对失语症类型具有重要影响,卒中病因及发病机制对失语症类型的影响可能与特定血管及血管 供血区损伤有关。     

卒中类型、卒中部位与卒中后癫痫的多因素关系

目的探讨卒中类型、卒中部位与卒中后癫痫的多因素关系,为卒中后癫痫的防治提供参考。方法以1804例卒中患者为研究对象,收集其性别、年龄、卒中类型、卒中部位、卒中后癫痫发生的时间等资料,根据卒中后是否发生癫痫,将患者分为卒中后无癫痫组(n=1487)和卒中后癫痫组(n=317),分析卒中后癫痫发作的危险因素。结果共317例卒中后癫痫发作患者,其中早发性癫痫141例(44.48%),迟发性癫痫176例(55.52%)。不同卒中部位及卒中类型的癫痫发病率为17.57%。多因素logistic回归分析显示,卒中部位中的顶叶合并蛛网膜下腔、额叶合并颞叶、额叶合并颞叶和枕叶、单一颞叶是卒中后发生癫痫的危险因素(P<0.01),其中单一颞叶是卒中后早发性癫痫的危险因素(P<0.01)。脑梗死患者常见早发性癫痫(23.66%),脑出血患者常见迟发性癫痫(47.95%)。结论卒中类型中的脑梗死、脑出血、蛛网膜下腔出血与卒中后癫痫有关;卒中部位中顶叶合并蛛网膜下腔、额叶合并颞叶、额叶合并颞叶和枕叶、单一颞叶与卒中后癫痫有关。     

卒中后早发性痫性发作28例临床病例特点分析

目的 探讨卒中后早发性痫性发作的发生率、临床特点、治疗及预后。 方法 回顾性分析2012年1月～2013年2月我院神经内科全部急性卒中住院的患者资料,对其中卒中后早发性痫性发作患者的临床资料进行总结。 结果 研究期间共有1973例住院急性卒中患者,其中有28例出现早发性痫性发作,发生率为1.4%;在脑梗死患者中发病率为1.1%（20/1785）,脑出血患者中发病率为3.7%（8/188）,两者差异具显著性（P＜0.001）;男性发病率为1.7%（20/1149）,女性发病率为1.0%（8/824）,性别差异无显著性。发作类型均为部分性或全面性强直-阵挛发作;病灶在脑皮质的13例（46.4%）,皮质下6例（21.4%）,皮质、皮质下均累及的9例（32.2%）,皮质卒中更易引起卒中后早发性痫性发作,差异有显著性（P=0.01）。 结论 不同性别间发生卒中后早发性痫性发作无明显差异性,出血性卒中比缺血性卒中更易导致卒中后早发性痫性发作,皮质卒中比皮质下卒中更易引起卒中后早发性痫性发作。     

青年缺血性卒中的中国缺血性卒中亚型及危险因素分析

目的 分析青年缺血性卒中的病因分型以及危险因素,以期对青年缺血性卒中的防治有所帮助。 方法 回顾性分析2011年1～12月于我院脑病中心住院的共52例青年缺血性卒中患者（青年卒中组） 的临床资料,随机抽取同期住院的中老年缺血性卒中患者50例作为中老年卒中组,进行中国缺血性 卒中亚型（Chinese ischemic stroke subclassification,CISS）病因分型以及危险因素分析。 结果 ①青年卒中组男性46例（88.46%）,女性6例（11.54%）,与中老年卒中组差异存在显著 性（χ2=5.573,P =0.018）。②青年卒中组CISS分型分布依次为大动脉粥样硬化型（large artery atherosclerosis,LAA）46.15%,穿支动脉疾病型（penetrating artery disease,PAD）36.54%,病因不确定 型（undetermined etiology,UE）11.54%,心源性卒中型（cardiogenic stroke,CS）5.77%,无一例其他病因 型（other etiology,OE）。其分布与中老年卒中组差异无显著性。③青年卒中组患者危险因素暴露率依 次为吸烟、高血压、血脂异常、饮酒、糖尿病、卒中家族史;具有3个以上的危险因素者超过半数,该 数量与中老年卒中组相比差异存在显著性（χ2=7.186,P =0.007）,同型半胱氨酸（homocysteine,Hcy） 水平较中老年卒中组增高（t =1.250,P =0.038）,叶酸水平较中老年卒中组下降（t =2.106,P =0.007）; 吸烟（χ2=7.993,P =0.005）、饮酒（χ2=17.005,P =0.000）的暴露率较中老年卒中组升高;LAA亚组 Hcy水平高于PAD亚组（t =2.046,P =0.004）。 结论 青年缺血性卒中患者在性别分布、危险因素、卒中病因分型方面具有一定特点,Hcy水平可能 与缺血性卒中的发生年龄以及病因分型有关。青年缺血性卒中患者危险因素较中老年患者多,控制并 减少危险因素,尤其是纠正高Hcy,对青年缺血性卒中的预防十分重要。     

急性缺血性卒中患者脑微出血相关因素分析

【摘要】
目的 探讨急性缺血性卒中患者合并脑微出血（cerebral microbleeds,CMB）的情况及其相关因素。
方法 本研究采用单中心、前瞻性研究方法,连续收集2011年1月～2012年6月于北京市第六医院神经内科住院的急性缺血性卒中患者302例,根据有无CMB将患者分为有CMB组（83例）和无CMB组（219例）,比较两组间一般临床资料、生化指标及影像学特点是否存在差异,并采用多因素逐步Logistic回归模型分析CMB发生的独立危险因素。
结果 302例患者中,合并有CMB者83例（27.5%）,其中年龄（t=3.67,P<0.001）、高血压（χ2=4.76,P=0.03）、卒中史（χ2=5.46,P=0.02）、纤维蛋白原（t=2.33,P=0.02）、腔隙性脑梗死数目（Z=-5.04,P<0.001）以及脑白质疏松程度评分（Z=-7.88,P<0.001）两组间比较差异具有显著性。Logistic回归分析显示,纤维蛋白原［比值比（odds ratio,OR）1.469,95%可信区间（confidence interval,CI）1.366～1.602;P=0.037］、腔隙性脑梗死数目（OR 1.636,95%CI 1.200～2.231;P=0.002）以及脑白质疏松程度评分（OR 1.700,95%CI 1.502～1.980;P<0.001）是急性缺血性卒中患者CMB发生的独立危险因素。
结论 CMB的发生与纤维蛋白原含量、腔隙性脑梗死数目以及脑白质疏松程度相关。     

交叉性失语

右利手者右大脑半球病变所致的失语称为交叉性失语。交叉性失语少见。我科八年来共诊断八例（占我组失语症患者２５０例的２．８％），均为男性右利手者，头颅ＣＴ扫描均证实右大脑半球单发病灶，其中脑梗塞７例，脑出血１例。均于发病三个月内作失语检查。其中交叉性Ｂｒｏｃａ失语一例，交叉性传导性失语一例，交叉性Ｗｅｒｎｉｃｋｅ失语一例，交叉性经皮质运动性失语一例，交叉性经皮质感觉性失语三例，交叉性丘脑性失语一例。此８例各型交叉性失语之临床表现与右利手左大脑半球病变产生的各相应类型失语无根本不同。产生交叉性失语是患者的大脑半球语言中枢的逆转所致（不在左侧而在右侧大脑半球的对称部位），它与遗传有关。失语症类型与患者年龄和性别的关系有待进一步研究。     

Essen评分在TIA、缺血性小卒中与大卒中 患者中预测效度的比较

目的 比较Essen卒中风险分层量表（Essen Stroke Risk Score,ESRS）预测短暂性脑缺血发作（transient
ischemic attack,TIA）、缺血性小卒中和缺血性大卒中患者的卒中复发和联合血管事件发生的效度。
方法 以前瞻性、多中心中国国家卒中登记研究（China National Stroke Registry,CNSR）中连续录入
的11 384例完成1年随访的TIA、非心房颤动性缺血性卒中的住院患者为研究人群,小卒中定义为入院
时缺血性卒中患者的美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS）
评分≤3分,大卒中定义为NIHSS评分＞3分。采用曲线下面积（area under the curve,AUC）评价ESRS对
TIA、缺血性小卒中和大卒中患者进行卒中复发和联合血管事件复发风险的分层能力,预测卒中复发
和联合血管事件发生的效度。
结果 本研究有1061例TIA,3254例小卒中,7069例大卒中患者。在TIA患者中,ESRS预测卒中复发
AUC=0.57,预测联合血管事件AUC=0.56;小卒中患者中,ESRS预测卒中复发的AUC=0.58,预测联合
血管事件AUC=0.59;大卒中患者中,ESRS预测卒中复发的AUC=0.60,预测联合血管事件AUC=0.60。
结论 ESRS评分对大卒中的卒中复发/联合血管事件发生的预测效度最高,其次是对小卒中,在TIA
中预测效度最低,但是三组人群中差异无显著性。     

卒中后癫发作复发影响因素的研究

目的 旨在通过回顾性研究卒中后癫发作及其复发情况,并分析其可能的影响因素,为临床治疗提供参考。
方法 将122例卒中后癫发作患者分组：单次癫发作（随访至少6个月只出现1次癫发作）组26例,癫发作复发（卒中后出现≥2次癫发作）组96例。观察患者的基础情况、卒中的危险因素、卒中的类型、癫发作的类型、发作频次、治疗等情况与复发的关系。
结果 性别、年龄、卒中的类型、卒中危险因素、卒中的部位以及脑电图改变在两组间无差异。晚发性癫发作、部分性癫发作以及接受治疗情况在组间有统计学差异（P<0.05～0.01）。Logistic多元回归提示晚发性癫发作是癫发作复发的危险因素之一,比值比为3.628;95%置信区间为1.237～10.638,部分性癫发作患者较全面性癫发作患者更易复发,比值比为10.50,95%置信区间为1.35～81.97。
结论 晚发性癫发作是癫发作复发的影响因素之一,部分性癫发作患者倾向于复发。     

北京和加拿大安大略省卒中/短暂性脑缺血发作基线和住院治疗的比较

目的 旨在比较中国北京和加拿大安大略省卒中/短暂性脑缺血发作（transient ischemic attack,TIA）
住院患者的基线特征、卒中治疗和住院结局的差异。
方法 中国国家卒中登记于2007年9月～2008年8月在北京地区的11个研究中心连续收集了1775例急
性卒中及TIA患者。加拿大安大略省的数据来源于2007年4月～2008年3月安大略省的11个卒中中心的
3551例卒中及TIA患者。本研究对北京地区患者的基线特征、卒中治疗和住院结局的数据进行了分析,
并与加拿大卒中登记研究中安大略省的数据进行比较。
结果 ①基线信息：北京地区的患者较安大略省的患者年轻（64.5±12.9 vs 70.2±15.3,P＜0.001）,
并且男性较多（64.8% vs 51.6%,P＜0.001）;既往史有吸烟、饮酒、卒中、高血压的比例北京地区均
高于安大略省（P均＜0.001）,而既往史有TIA、高脂血症、心房颤动的人数安大略省高于北京地区（P
均＜0.001）。②院前信息：与安大略省的患者相比,北京地区的患者使用救护车到达急诊的比率较低
（33.5% vs 78.4%,P＜0.001）,并且2.5 h内到达急诊的比例较低（21.0% vs 42.4%,P＜0.001）。③
治疗情况：北京地区的患者中,进行影像学检查的比例低于安大略省（93.9% vs 99.2%,P＜0.001）,
并且进入卒中单元治疗的比例较低（23% vs 64.7%,P＜0.001）。在缺血性卒中的患者中,北京地区
的患者进行溶栓治疗的比例较低（8.1% vs 17.4%,P＜0.001）,然而伴有心房颤动的患者中,给与抗
凝治疗的比例两者无明显的差异（75.9% vs 75.5%,P =0.945）。北京地区和安大略省地区缺血性卒
中患者出院给予抗栓治疗的比例相近（77.0% vs 77.9%,P =0.544）。④结局事件：与安大略省地区
相比,北京地区患者住院期间新发卒中的比例较低（3.4% vs 5.1%,P＜0.001）,然而住院期间肺炎
的发生率较高（12.5% vs 7.6%,P＜0.001）。北京地区患者的住院死亡率、7 d死亡率和30 d死亡率均
显著低于安大略省地区（7.7% vs 14.7%,5.7% vs 9.3%,7.9% vs 15.9%,P均＜0.001）。
结论 北京和安大略地区的卒中/TIA住院患者在基线信息、住院治疗和结局方面有较大的差异。认
识到这些差异将有助于提高中国卒中住院治疗的质量,有助于更好地制订卒中的控制和预防策略。     

Aphasia after stroke: type, severity and prognosis. The Copenhagen aphasia study

AIM: To determine the types, severity and evolution of aphasia in unselected, acute stroke patients and evaluate potential predictors for language outcome 1 year after stroke. METHODS: 270 acute stroke patients with aphasia (203 with first-ever strokes) were included consecutively and prospectively from three hospitals in Copenhagen, Denmark, and assessed with the Western Aphasia Battery. The assessment was repeated 1 year after stroke. RESULTS: The frequencies of the different types of aphasia in acute first-ever stroke were: global 32%, Broca's 12%, isolation 2%, transcortical motor 2%, Wernicke's 16%, transcortical sensory 7%, conduction 5% and anomic 25%. These figures are not substantially different from what has been found in previous studies of more or less selected populations. The type of aphasia always changed to a less severe form during the first year. Nonfluent aphasia could evolve into fluent aphasia (e.g., global to Wernicke's and Broca's to anomic), whereas a fluent aphasia never evolved into a nonfluent aphasia. One year after stroke, the following frequencies were found: global 7%, Broca's 13%, isolation 0%, transcortical motor 1%, Wernicke's 5%, transcortical sensory 0%, conduction 6% and anomic 29%. The distribution of aphasia types in acute and chronic aphasia is, thus, quite different. The outcome for language function was predicted by initial severity of the aphasia and by the initial stroke severity (assessed by the Scandinavian Stroke Scale), but not by age, sex or type of aphasia. Thus, a scoring of general stroke severity helps to improve the accuracy of the prognosis for the language function. One year after stroke, fluent aphasics were older than nonfluent aphasics, whereas such a difference was not found in the acute phase.     

非流利型失语患者汉语反身代词指称理解障碍浅析

目的通过对比人称代词和反身代词在句子中指称理解受损表现的差异,分析汉语非流利型失语症患者反身代词指称理解障碍的特点,用以指导康复治疗。方法采用北京医科大学汉语失语症标准化检查法,将诊断为非流利型失语症的患者作为测试对象。设计相应（ABCDE型）句子,A型句和C型句含人称代词,B型句和D型句将人称代词替换汉语反身代词。通过听句子-配正确图和听句子-配错误图进行上述句子测试,把被试者测试的分数进行统计分析。结果10例失语症患者听句子-配图理解得分数明显低于对照组;失语症患者在听句子-配正确图理解所得分数中B型句组低于A型句组（P〈0.05）;D型句组低于C型句组（P〈0.05）。结论汉语失语症患者的反身代词的指称受损伤程度相对于人称代词的指称受损伤程度较重,含反身代词的句子理解和加工过程具有独特性。     

A proposed reinterpretation and reclassification of aphasic syndromes

Background: Different classifications of aphasic disorders have been proposed over the years. During recent decades new approaches to aphasia study have been developed, suggesting that current aphasia classifications can and should be reconsidered.

Aims: The purpose of this paper is to attempt to integrate contemporary knowledge about brain organisation of language and to propose a new aphasia classification.

Main Contribution: It is emphasised that there are two fundamental forms of aphasia, which are linked to impairments in the lexical/semantic and grammatical systems of language (Wernicke‐type aphasia and Broca‐type aphasia, respectively). Grammar correlates with the ability to represent actions (verbs) and depends on what is known as Broca's area and its related brain circuits, but it is also related to the ability to quickly carry out the sequencing of articulatory movements required for speaking (speech praxis). Lexical/semantic and grammatical systems not only depend on different brain circuitries, but also on different types of memory and learning (declarative and procedural). Other aphasic syndromes do not really impair language knowledge per se, but rather peripheral mechanisms required to produce language (conduction aphasia and aphasia of the supplementary motor area), or the executive control of the language (extra‐Sylvian or transcortical motor aphasia).

Conclusions: A new classification of aphasic syndromes is proposed: primary (or “central”) aphasias (Wernicke's aphasia—three subtypes—and Broca aphasia); secondary (or “peripheral”) aphasias (conduction aphasia and supplementary motor area aphasia); and dysexecutive aphasia (extra‐Sylvian—transcortical—motor aphasia), are distinguished.     

Delusions and mood disorders in patients with chronic aphasia

Sixty-one inpatients manifesting chronic aphasic syndromes were reviewed. Most aphasic patients with behavioral abnormalities sufficiently severe to require hospitalization had posterior hemispheric lesions and fluent disorders. Thirty-eight (62%) had fluent aphasia, eight (13%) had nonfluent aphasia, and 15 (25%) had anomic, global, or transcortical aphasic syndromes. Delusions were more common among patients with fluent aphasias (58%), whereas depression was the most common psychiatric disorder among patients with anterior lesions (63%). Elation occurred in 12 patients, 11 with posterior lesions and 1 with a nonlocalizing syndrome. Neuropsychiatric disturbances in patients with chronic aphasia syndromes correlate with the type of language disorder and with the location of the associated lesion.     

Neuroanatomic correlation of the post-stroke aphasias studied with imaging

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Stroke is the leading cause of disability in many countries. Aphasia is a common sign of stroke that is observed in about one-third of stroke patients and contributes to disease morbidity. However, the relationship between anatomy and different forms of aphasia remains poorly understood. We intend to study the characteristics of aphasia in the acute stage of stroke and to identify neuroanatomical correlates using MRI. METHODS: Lesion sites were selected from 1198 patients with cerebral infarction, who were hospitalized in the stroke unit of our hospital between March 2002 and March 2006. We enrolled 325 patients who fulfilled our criteria. All patients received an MRI examination within 1 week after admission and were evaluated with the Western battery aphasia (WAB) test, in order to determine what type of aphasia they had. The severity of their language deficit was further classified using the Boston diagnostic aphasia examination (BDAE) severity grading standard. RESULTS: Among 1198 cases, five cases with Broca's areas and four cases with Wernicke's areas lesions on MRI works were free of language deficits. Within the 325 patients who demonstrated clinical signs of aphasia, the results of WAB showed that there were 83 Broca' aphasia cases, 48 Wernicke's aphasia cases, 12 conduction aphasia cases, 36 transcortical motor aphasia cases, 17 transcortical sensory aphasia cases, 19 transcortical mixed aphasia cases, 58 global aphasia cases and 52 anomic aphasia cases. Two hundred and eighty-eight cases were located within classical language centers while 37 cases were located at other sites. In 325 aphasia patients with grade criteria of BDAE of grades 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, there were 84, 79, 77, 63 and 22 cases respectively. Many of cases with grades 0 and 1 were distributed within classical language centers. CONCLUSION: This study showed that it is possible to draw a neuroanatomical map of aphasia that encompasses the 95% of aphasia cases. It also demonstrates that the main determinant of aphasic disorders is the neuroanatomical location of the lesion. Furthermore, this study shows that most lesion locations associated with specific aphasic disorders fit classical data associated with previous aphasia research. More importantly, the language disorders of patients whose lesions were located at classical language centers were more serious. Consequently, this paper demonstrates the power of MRI in prognosticating the potential for a patient to recover from aphasia due to stroke.     

Lesion localization in aphasia with cranial computed tomography and the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Exam

Nineteen stable left-hemisphere stroke patients with aphasia were evaluated by the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination (BDAE) and the Token Test (TT), and by cranial computed tomography (CT). The types of aphasia included Broca (three patients), Wernicke (four patients), conduction (four patients), transcortical motor (four patients), and global (four patients). The lesions, as localized by CT scan, were superimposed onto five composite lesion localization maps for these five aphasia syndromes. There was good correlation between BDAE aphasia type and lesion localization. On CT scans, the locations of cortical language areas lie in a specific relationship to parts of the ventricular system.     

Clinicoanatomical correlation in stroke related aphasia

Context:

With advances in neuroimaging, traditional views regarding the clinicoanatomic correlation in stroke patients with aphasia are being challenged and it has been observed that lesions at a given cortical or subcortical site may manifest with different aphasia profiles.

Aims:

To study as to whether there is a strict clinicoanatomical correlation between the type of aphasia and lesion site in patients with first ever stroke.

Settings and Design:

Observational study, based in a tertiary care center.

Materials and Methods:

Stroke patient''s ≥18 years of age were screened and those with first ever stroke and aphasia were subjected to a detailed stroke workup and language assessment using the Hindi version of Western Aphasia Battery (WAB). Statistical analysis was done with χ² test with Yates correction and Kruskal-Wallis test. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results:

Overall aphasia was detected in 27.9% of the 260 screened cases with stroke. Amongst 60 cases with first ever stroke and aphasia, the aphasia type was: Global (33.33%), Broca''s (28.3%), transcortical motor (13.33%), transcortical sensory (10%), Wernicke''s (8.33%), anomic (5%), and conduction (1.67%) aphasia. A definite correlation between the lesion site and the type of aphasia as per the traditional classification was observed in 35% cases only.

Conclusions:

No absolute correlation exists between the lesion site and the type of clinical aphasia syndrome in majority of the patients with cortical and subcortical stroke.     

低频重复经颅磁刺激对脑梗死失语的治疗作用及机制研究

目的探讨低频重复经颅磁刺激（10w—rTMS）对急性期脑梗死运动性失语的治疗作用、安全性及相关机制。方法选取左半球脑梗死后运动性失语右利手的患者24例,经ABC失语检查表评定后随机分为对照组（n=12）和治疗组（n=12）。对照组给予常规药物和语言康复治疗;治疗组在对照组治疗基础上给予low—rTMS治疗。rTMS治疗方法：频率1Hz、强度为运动阈值的80％、部位为右侧大脑半球Broca区、每序列50次脉冲、每天10个序列、序列间隔120S,共10d。两组治疗前、疗程后2周、疗程后2月和疗程后6月均行汉语ABC失语检查表语言评分评价其语言功能。两组各选取8例患者在治疗前、疗程后2周行磁共振波谱（MRS）和单光子发射计算机断层摄影（SPECT）检查,分别检测脑代谢和脑血流改变。结果①ABC评分结果：疗程后2周、疗程后2月、疗程后6月治疗组其值均高于对照组和治疗前（P〈0．05）。@SPECT结果：两组治疗前和疗程后2周左额下回缺血灶明显大于对侧镜像区;疗程后2周治疗组左额下回缺血灶明显小于治疗前和对照组,其摄取值高于对照组（P〈0．05）。③MRS结果：治疗前两组Broca区出现明显的倒置双乳酸（Lac）峰,N．乙酰天门冬氨酸（NAA）和NAA／肌酸（cr）值均比对侧镜像区明显降低（均P〈0．05）,而胆碱（Cho）值则升高（P〈0．05）;疗程后2周治疗组的NAA和NAA／Cr值明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）;Cho值比对照组减低（P〈0．05）。结论1Hz、rTMS对急性脑梗死失语患者有一定的康复作用;且此治疗是安全的。语言功能改善,推测可能与低频rTMS刺激健侧语言区通过远隔效应增加了局部语言区的血流量和脑代谢,抑制右侧半球的兴奋性有关。