阿米福汀对同步放化疗杀伤肺癌细胞作用的影响

目的　探讨阿米福汀在多烯紫杉醇和同步放射治疗非小细胞肺癌过程中对肺癌组织细胞是否有保护作用。方法　使用MTT方法评价在多烯紫杉醇和同步照射 (10Gy)体外培养的SPC A1肺癌细胞过程中 ,阿米福汀对SPC A1肺癌细胞的影响 ;以Lewis肺癌荷瘤鼠模型评价在多烯紫杉醇同步放射 (10Gy)在体Lewis肺癌过程中 ,阿米福汀对Lewis肺癌的影响。结果　体外实验表明同步放化疗加阿米福汀组和同步放化疗组的吸光度分别相当于对照组的 2 2 .8%和 2 4 .4 % ,两组之间比较 ,经过t检验P >0 .0 5。体内实验表明 ,同步放化疗加阿米福汀组和同步放化疗组在实验观察的 2 0d内 ,相同时间点两组动物的肿瘤体积差异无统计学意义。结论　在多烯紫杉醇和放疗同步治疗肺癌过程中 ,阿米福汀无论是对离体还是在体的肿瘤细胞没有保护作用 ,多烯紫杉醇和同步放射治疗肺癌的疗效不会因为使用阿米福汀而减弱     

黄连素增强肺癌放射敏感性的机制研究

目的 探讨黄连素对Lewis肺癌(Lewis lung cancer, LLC)细胞小鼠移植瘤的放射增敏效应。方法 建立肺癌LLC细胞小鼠移植瘤模型；移植瘤平均体积增至约100 mm³时(第0天),将24只小鼠随机分为4组：对照组、黄连素组(5 mg/kg黄连素)、照射组(8 Gy)、黄连素+照射组(5 mg/kg黄连素+8 Gy)。第2天开始，黄连素组和黄连素+照射组每隔1 d腹腔注射黄连素5 mg/kg,对照组和照射组腹腔注射等体积的生理盐水，给药第6次后(第12天),照射组及黄连素+照射组予局部单次8 Gy照射。第13天起各组均不予处理，每隔2 d测量1次小鼠肿瘤体积。待对照组小鼠肿瘤体积增至2 000 mm³时(第24天),处死小鼠，测量移植瘤体积，计算肿瘤体积抑制率；并对移植瘤标本进行免疫荧光染色中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网(neutrophil extracellular traps, NETs)相关蛋白瓜氨酸组蛋白3(citrullinated histone H3,CitH3)、髓过氧化物酶(myeloperoxidase, MPO)...     

高能X线照射对肺癌转移相关基因的影响

目的 探讨高能X线照射对肺癌转移相关基因的影响.方法 建立Lewis肺癌模型,将荷Lewis肺癌的C57BL/6 雄性小鼠35只随机分为照射组(n=18)和对照组(n=17),照射组接受30 Gy的X线肿瘤局部照射,对照组不接受照射,2周后采用免疫组化法检测瘤组织中E-钙黏素(E-Cad)蛋白和基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)蛋白的表达.结果 与对照组比较,照射组MMP-9蛋白表达水平显著降低,E-Cad蛋白表达水平显著升高,差异均有显著性(t=9.53、20.68,P<0.01).结论 X线照射可能通过抑制肿瘤组织内MMP-9蛋白表达和促进E-Cad蛋白表达阻止肿瘤细胞的侵袭和转移.     

小鼠腮腺分割小剂量放射损伤的模型研究

目的 模拟头颈部肿瘤直接照射,探讨小剂量分割照射对小鼠腮腺的放射损伤。方法 随机将30只小鼠分为两组：放射组(25只)和对照组(5只)。放射组模拟头颈部肿瘤放射方式对小鼠头颈部进行局部照射,1次/d, 2Gy/次,每周连续照射5d,休息2d,累计照射30Gy,而对照组仅模拟放射组,照射剂量为0Gy。照射后第8、15、22d分别对放射组和对照组进行腮腺唾液流量的测定。各时间点采集完唾液后处死小鼠,取腮腺组织,切片HE染色,镜下观察小鼠腮腺组织形态学改变及Western blot实验检测水通道蛋白1(AQP1)表达情况。结果 第8d、15d唾液流量与两组无明显差异,而放射第22d对照组的唾液流量为(76.60±1.27)nL/30min,放射组为(31.32±1.48)nL/30min,两组比较有明显差异(P<0.05)。放射组腮腺组织腺泡数量变少、萎缩且腺泡形状不规则。在放射组中第22d的腮腺组织AQP1表达降低(P<0.05)。结论 模拟头颈部肿瘤直接照射,分割小剂量的间接照射能引起小鼠腮腺损伤,为临床中放射治疗技术的改进提供了一定的理论基础。     

高压氧对荷H22肝癌小鼠放疗增敏情况的研究

目的探讨高压氧（HBO）对荷H22肝癌小鼠在放疗中的增敏情况。方法将25只荷瘤小鼠均分为5组，每组5只：（1）对照组；（2）单纯照射组，只接受单次15Gy的60^Co放射治疗；（3）15min组，高压氧后15min进行照射治疗；（4）30min组，高压氧后30min进行照射治疗；（5）60min组，高压氧后60min进行照射治疗。各组均观察小鼠生长情况，测定肿瘤体积，记录肿瘤照射后生长时间及小鼠平均存活时间。结果各实验组分别与对照组比较，实验组肿瘤生长延缓及小鼠生长天数可见延长，有显著性差异（P〈0．05）；各组与单纯照射组比较，15min组、30min组可见显著性差异（P〈0．05），60min组无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论高压氧对荷H22肝癌小鼠有放疗增敏作用，且在30min内效果明显。     

加温敏感阿霉素脂质体治疗小鼠荷Lewis肺癌

目的 :观察温度敏感阿霉素脂质体结合肿瘤局部热疗对荷Lewis肺癌小鼠的抗瘤效果及毒副作用 .方法 :取双后爪荷有Lewis肺癌的C5 7BL/ 6小鼠 15只 ,以给药不同随机分为 3组 (n =5 ) ,分别为生理盐水对照组、游离阿霉素组和温度敏感阿霉素脂质体组 .由尾静脉给药后 30min开始对右后爪肿瘤靶部位以 (4 2 5± 0 5 )℃的温度加温 30min .间隔 72h1次 ,共治疗 3次 .荷瘤小鼠左后爪不加温 .治疗结束后摘取双后爪肿瘤分别称质量 ,计算抑瘤率 .结果 :结合肿瘤局部热疗阿霉素脂质体组抑瘤率为 89 9% ,显著高于结合肿瘤局部热疗游离阿霉素组 (76 2 % ,P <0 0 5 ) ,两组均高于单纯加热和单纯药物治疗组 (14 0 % ,38 9% ,P <0 0 1) ;同时观察到阿霉素脂质体组动物的一般状况、活动及饮食等情况均好于游离药物组 .结论 :温度敏感阿霉素脂质体结合肿瘤局部热疗可显著提高阿霉素的抗瘤效果 ,且药物的毒副作用明显减低 ,为恶性肿瘤的综合治疗提供了新的手段     

两种分割模式下甘露聚糖肽联合放疗对Lewis肺癌的生长抑制作用

目的探讨两种放疗分割模式下甘露聚糖肽注射液(MI)对Lewis肺癌小鼠移植瘤的生长抑制作用。方法建立C57BL/6小鼠Lewis肺癌实体型,选取C57BL/6小鼠60只(右前肢腋部的肿瘤直径大小约6 mm),随机分为空白对照组,分割照射组(FS),不分割照射组(NFS),MI组,分割照射联合MI组(FS+MI),不分割照射联合MI(NFS+MI)6组。给药组小鼠均腹腔注射MI 4.5 mg/kg,连续14 d,余各组均腹腔注射等体积生理盐水;照射组小鼠经8MeV电子线照射治疗,其中不分割方案各组小鼠接受4Gy/次,照射1次,分割方案各组小鼠给予1Gy/次,照射4次,1次/d。观察各组小鼠一般状况,剥离肿瘤,称取质量,计算抑瘤率,测定脏器指数。结果两种分割模式下MI与放疗合用时,均可发挥协同作用,析因设计资料方差分析结果表明,放疗与MI两因素之间的交互效应有统计学意义(P<0.01),MI在这两种放疗分割模式中均能起到显著的增效作用,而以FS+MI组抑瘤效应最为明显,抑瘤率达到70%;对于单纯放疗模式的选择上,以分割照射方案对肿瘤的控制为优,FS组抑瘤率(44.5%)vs NFS组(30.0%),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);FS+MI组与NFS+MI组抑瘤率未见明显差异,可能与MI因素干扰有关;脾脏指数和胸腺指数联合组(FS+MI、NFS+MI)均分别优于对应单纯放疗组(FS、NFS组)(P<0.05)。结论两种分割模式下MI均可显著提高放疗对Lewis肺癌小鼠移植瘤的生长抑制效果,其中以分割放疗模式联合MI的抑瘤效果最为明显。     

低剂量环磷酰胺对Lewis肺癌小鼠CD4+CD25+Treg细胞功能的影响

目的：研究低剂量环磷酰胺（CTX）单次注射对Lewis肺癌小鼠CD4⁺CD25⁺Treg细胞功能的影响,探讨CD4⁺CD25⁺Treg 细胞与肿瘤发生、发展的关系。方法：将传代培养的Lewis肺癌细胞接种于C57BL/6小鼠右腋皮下,建立Lewis肺癌模型,随机分成3组：CTX组、肿瘤组、单纯对照组。采用CTX单次注射,观测各组肿瘤体积动态变化;采用流式细胞术检测各组小鼠脾脏CD4⁺CD25⁺Treg细胞数量变化;采用半定量RT-PCR方法检测各组小鼠脾脏Foxp3 mRNA表达水平;采用MTT法检测脾脏T淋巴细胞增殖功能;采用LDH释放法检测脾脏特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTLs)细胞的杀伤活性。结果：与未治疗肿瘤组相比,CTX治疗可延缓荷19 d Lewis肺癌小鼠的肿瘤生长;CTX组小鼠脾脏CD4⁺CD25⁺Treg细胞数量低于肿瘤组（P< 0.05）;CTX组小鼠脾脏Foxp3 mRNA表达水平明显低于肿瘤组（P< 0.05）;CTX组小鼠脾脏T淋巴细胞功能明显高于肿瘤组（P<0. 05）;CTX组小鼠脾脏T淋巴细胞杀伤活性比肿瘤组略高,但变化不显著（P>0.05）。结论：CTX单次注射可降低Lewis肺癌小鼠脾脏CD4⁺CD25⁺Treg细胞的数量及Foxp3 mRNA表达,使T淋巴细胞增殖功能及脾细胞中CTLs杀伤功能增强。     

Influence of low dose radiation on the pulmonary metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma in mice

探讨低剂量全身照射对肿瘤转移的影响。方法：采用荷有Lewis肺癌的C57BL／6J小鼠作为实验动物模型。在肿瘤移植后10d，分别给予以下处理：①假照组；②2次75mGyX射线全身照射，间隔3d；③4次75mGyX射线全身照射，间隔3d；④3．0mg／kgMMC腹腔注射化疗；⑤3．0mg／kgMMC腹腔注射化疗前6h预先给予75mGyX射线全身照射。化疗后12h断头处死①、④和⑤组各6只小鼠，测定腹腔巨噬细胞（Mφ）吞噬功能和脾脏自然杀伤细胞（NK）的细胞毒效应。在肿瘤移植后21d，处死全部小鼠取双肺，计数肺转移瘤结节数。结果：单纯MMC腹腔注射化疗组小鼠肺转移瘤结节数（33．8）与假照组（41．7）无明显差异（P＞0．05），而化疗前预先给予75mGyX射线全身照射组小鼠肺转移瘤结节数（20．3）较单纯化疗组明显减少（P＜0．01）;4次75mGyX射线全身照射组小鼠肺转移瘤结节数（23．5）较假照组明显减少（P＜0．05）;2次75mGyX射线全身照射组小鼠肺转移瘤结节数（39．4）较仅照组有减少趋势，但无统计学意义（P＞0．05）；预先给予75mGyX射线全身照射组小鼠的腹腔Mφ吞噬功能和脾脏NK细胞的细胞毒效应较单纯化疗组明显提高（P＜0．01）。结论：低剂量全身照射可增强（MMC）对Lewis肺癌肺转移的抑制作用及荷瘤小鼠免疫功能，多次低剂量?     

骨髓间充质干细胞对小鼠Lewis肺癌皮下移植瘤的作用

目的 研究骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)对小鼠Lewis肺癌皮下移植瘤的影响.方法 自C57BL/6小鼠骨髓分离MSCs,制备单细胞悬液并于体外传代培养,取第4～5代细胞用于实验.56只C57BL/6小鼠经Lewis肺癌细胞皮下接种建立小鼠肺癌皮下移植瘤模型,根据MSCs给予时间分为D0组(接种同时给予MSCs)和D10组(接种后第10天给予MSCs),其中D0组分为3个亚组(n=8):组1单纯接种肿瘤细胞,组2肿瘤细胞和MSCs共同接种,组3肿瘤细胞接种及尾静脉注射MSCs;D10组分为4个亚组(n=8):组4(肿瘤细胞接种及瘤体内注射MSCs)及其等量PBS对照组(组5),组6(肿瘤细胞接种及尾静脉注射MSCs)及其等量PBS对照组(组7).观察各组移植肿瘤的生长情况,包括肿瘤形成时间及不同时间点的瘤体大小,并进行组间分析比较.结果 与组1和组3比较,组2的肿瘤形成时间明显缩短(P<0.05);而各时间点三组瘤体大小比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).组4的瘤体显著大于其对照组(P<0.05);而组6与其对照组的瘤体大小比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 MSCs与Lewis细胞同时接种可加速小鼠肺癌皮下移植瘤形成,而成瘤后MSCs瘤体内注射具有促进移植瘤生长的作用.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.