不稳定心绞痛经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术190例分析

１９８７年１２月至１９９４年２月该院共完成不稳定心绞痛的经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）１９０例，其中有单支血管病６９例（３６．３％）、双支血管病６７例（３５．２％）、三支血管病５４例（２８．４％）。ＰＴＣＡ共扩张血管２５０支，扩张病变２７８处。Ａ型病变５２处（１８．７％），Ｂ型病变１７５处（６２．９％）、Ｃ型病变５１处（１８．４％）。在１２１例多支血管病中，２３例（１９．０％）为完全血管再通，９８例（８１．０％）为不完全血管再通。６例采用双球囊对吻技术，５例采用灌注球囊导管，４例进行了冠脉内膜定向切除术（ＤＣＡ），４例放置冠状动脉内膜支架。ＰＴＣＡ的病例成功率为９４．７％（１８０／１９０），血管成功率９５．２％（２３８／２５０），病变成功率９５．５％（２６６／２７８），由ＰＴＣＡ术前平均狭窄８８．７％±８．３％至扩张后残余狭窄１７．９％±９．２％。发生严重并发症１８处（６．５％），其中１５处经处理成功，２例发生急性心肌梗塞，１例死亡，无紧急冠状动脉搭桥者。     

完全闭塞性冠脉血管成形术中冠脉内支架的应用及其限制因素

目的　评价冠状动脉（冠脉）内支架在完全闭塞性冠脉血管成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）中应用的指征及其限制因素。方法　８２ 例冠脉完全闭塞接受ＰＴＣＡ 患者,根据血管病变性质,决定是否给予置入支架治疗。分析支架应用的指征及其限制因素。术后随访６ 个月,发生心脏事件者行血管造影复查。结果　８２例中,６６ 例相关冠脉再通成功,成功率为８０．５％ 。６６ 例中,Ａ 组２３ 处病变单纯球囊ＰＴＣＡ 后取得“支架样”效果,其中Ｂ１ 组３０ 处病变置入支架,支架置入率４５．５％ ,Ｂ２ 组１３ 处病变存在支架置入的限制因素而未置入支架,占１９．７％ 。临床随访期间,Ａ 组５ 例发生心脏事件,血管造影复查,２ 例再狭窄;Ｂ１ 组仅２例发生心脏事件,造影复查２ 例均再狭窄,需再次ＰＴＣＡ;Ｂ２ 组 ５ 例发生心脏事件,３ 例造影发现再狭窄。闭塞冠脉再通未成功１６ 例中３ 例出现心脏事件,其中１ 例死亡。结论　闭塞冠脉再通成功达支架样效果或置入支架有助于改善临床预后,但部分病变存在支架置入的限制因素,不适宜置入支架     

无预扩张直接冠状动脉内支架置入术

目的　探讨无预扩张直接冠状动脉内支架置入术的可行性及临床效果。方法　参照国外直接冠状动脉内支架置入术标准 ,对 2 7例冠心病患者进行无预扩张直接冠状动脉内支架置入术。结果　 2 7例患者共 2 8处病变 ,置入 2 8个支架 ,其中 A型病变 14例 ,B1 型病变 10例 ,B2 型病变 4例。置入支架前管腔狭窄程度为 78.2 %± 5 .6% ,支架置入后血管残存狭窄程度为 0 .9%± 1.4% ,支架置入成功率为 10 0 % ,无并发症发生。术后随访 1年 ,2例患者出现心绞痛 ,冠状动脉造影证实 1例患者出现支架内再狭窄。结论　正确选择适应证的情况下 ,无预扩张直接冠状动脉内支架置入术是一种安全有效的治疗方法 ,可获得较好的近、远期临床效果     

冠状动脉内支架植入术在冠心病治疗中的应用

报道６８例冠心病患者８０支血管病变植入１１８个支架，植入成功率为９２．１％。其中不稳定心绞痛者占５０％，既往有心肌梗塞史者占４６％，多支病变者占６２．４％，Ｂ２型以上病变占６６．６％，因ＰＴＣＡ术后不良结果而植入支架的病变占２７．５％（２２／８０），因术后急性并发症者１７．５％（１４／８０），Ｄｅｎｏｖｏ病变占５５％（４４／８０）。狭窄程度由术前的８５．５％±１２．９％减至术后的５．８％±１１．４％。术后４周～１年间，６０例患者（８８．２％）症状缓解，６例（８．８％）心绞痛复发，其中４例（５．８％）经冠状动脉造影证实支架部位再狭窄，术后２个月内死亡２例（２．９％），术后１周内发生无Ｑ波心肌梗塞者１例     

经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术并发急性血管闭塞

目的：探讨急性血管闭塞的发生及治疗。方法：回顾总结我院１０３４例经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）的急性血管闭塞及治疗情况。结果：３１例（３．０％）患者发生急性血管闭塞,其中８例系急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）;１６例为不稳定性心绞痛,７例为稳定性心绞痛。发生急性血管闭塞的时间：２８例（９０．３％）患者在ＰＴＣＡ术中,３例在术后。９例患者因血压降低需用升压药,其中５例需主动脉内球囊反搏（ＩＡＢＰ）支持。４例急性血管闭塞时发生心室颤动,１例出现心室停搏。处理结果：３１例患者中２４例用球囊长时间加压;１８例植入支架;２５例治疗成功,成功率为８０．６％。２例（６．５％）死亡;３例（９．７％）发生心肌梗塞;１例（３．２％）急诊行冠状动脉旁路移植手术。结论：急性血管闭塞的发生与不稳定性心绞痛、多支血管病变、复杂病变有关,采取冠状动脉内支架及长时间加压治疗有助于减少并发症。     

冠状动脉内支架治疗急性心肌梗塞46例临床报告

目的　为探讨冠状动脉内支架治疗急性心肌梗塞的可行性和安全性。方法　对４６ 例经球囊扩张后效果不理想的急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）患者行冠脉内支架置入。其中男３８ 例,女８ 例,平均年龄为５６．２ 岁。全部采用球囊扩张法置入支架。结果　４６ 例患者术前梗塞相关血管均为ＴＩＭＩ３ 级血流,经置入冠脉内支架后梗塞血管均恢复ＴＩＭＩⅢ级血流,血管开通率１００％ 。８ 例球囊扩张后见冠脉内有残余血栓,置入支架后消失,造影未发现血栓进入远端血管;１ 例患者因Ⅲ°ＡＶＢ 给以临时起搏治疗,术后 ６小时因临时起搏电极刺破右室所致心包填塞死亡。其余 ４５ 例患者在４～３８ 个月的随访中均未发生死亡,无梗塞后心绞痛及再次心肌梗塞,６ 例患者于术后４ 周行冠脉造影复查,原支架置入处血流通畅,无管腔再狭窄。结论　冠脉内支架置入是急性心肌梗塞患者一个安全而有效的治疗方法     

小型猪冠状动脉置入过大直径支架建立再狭窄动物模型

目的：用置入过大直径冠状动脉内支架的方法,在正常小型猪建立模拟人类冠状动脉再狭窄的实验动物模型。　　方法：金属支架由３１６ Ｌ医用不锈钢丝编织而成,将不锈钢支架固定在３．０ ｍ ｍ 经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）球囊上,然后通过８ Ｆ大腔引导导管置入小型猪冠状动脉前降支中段,球囊与血管直径之比为１．１～１．３∶１。　　结果：支架成功置入４只动物冠状动脉前降支中段。在支架置入后３个月重复冠状动脉造影显示：均发生再狭窄,平均管腔直径狭窄为（５５．８０±２３．０６）％ 。组织病理学结果显示：内弹力板撕裂,广泛新生内膜增生及严重管腔狭窄,平均新生内膜厚度和新生内膜面积分别为（１．０９±０．０６ ｍ ｍ ２ 和１．１８±０．３３ ｍ ｍ ２ ）。平均百分狭窄面积为（８６．８０±９．２４）％ 。　　结论：①使用直径过大的球囊扩张型支架可成功地建立再狭窄动物模型。②该模型经济实用,其组织病理学表现与人类再狭窄结果十分相似,并可能有助于检测和评估再狭窄的预防措施     

应用小C臂X光机行经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术(附134例报告)

目的探讨应用小Ｃ臂Ｘ光机（ＯＥＣ）行经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）和冠状动脉内支架植入术的可行性。方法１３４例冠心病患者造影显示冠状动脉狭窄程度均≥７５％,采用美国ＯＥＣ９６００型小Ｃ臂Ｘ光机行ＰＴＣＡ和冠状动脉内支架置入术。结果１３４例冠心病患者共２０４处病变成功地完成了ＰＴＣＡ,其中９２例置入了１０６枚冠脉内支架,６例因多支冠脉病变分别置入２～３枚支架,术后冠脉造影显示管腔扩张满意,无残余狭窄。全部病例术后心绞痛症状较术前明显减轻或消失。除１例在支架置入术后发生急性血栓形成和３例出现术后穿刺部血肿外,无其它并发症发生。结论对冠心病患者应用小Ｃ臂Ｘ光机行ＰＴＣＡ和冠脉内支架置入术可能是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

慢性冠状动脉完全闭塞病变的介入治疗

目的探讨慢性冠状动脉完全闭塞病变行ＰＴＣＡ和支架置入治疗的可行性和临床价值。方法对血管完全闭塞病变行ＰＴＣＡ和（或）支架置入治疗,评价其临床效果。结果共对２８例完全闭塞的冠状动脉行ＰＴＣＡ和冠脉内支架治疗。１７支左前降支治疗中,４例失败,植入支架６例。４支左回旋支治疗中,１例失败,置入支架１例。７支右冠状动脉治疗中,３例失败,置入支架２例。成功率为７１．４％,９例病人置入支架（３２．１％）,无严重并发症。随访１～４２个月效果良好。结论对血管完全闭塞病变行ＰＴＣＡ和支架置入治疗,仍有较高的成功率和安全性。     

冠状动脉造影确诊冠心病与非冠心病患者的血脂比较

目的　通过比较和分析冠状动脉造影（ＣＡＧ）确诊为冠心病（ＣＨＤ） 和冠状动脉基本正常者的血脂代谢改变情况,了解血脂代谢紊乱与ＣＨＤ 之间的关系。方法　对３７１ 名住院病人进行ＣＡＧ 并根据狭窄程度分为三组：Ａ 组（ＣＡＧ 基本正常,冠状动脉狭窄＜ ３０％ ,ｎ ＝ １１１ 例） ,Ｂ 组（ＣＡＧ证实至少有一支冠状动脉内径狭窄≥５０％ ,ｎ ＝ ２０３例） ,Ｃ组（ 急性心肌梗死患者,ｎ＝ ５７ 例）,除外糖尿病、瓣膜病及先天性心脏病患者。结果　血清ＴＣ：Ａ组（５－２２±１．１２）ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ（２００．８ ±４３．１） ｍｇ／ｄＬ,Ｂ 组（５－５８ ±１－２６） ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ,（２１４－６ ±４８－５） ｍｇ／ｄＬ,Ｃ 组（５－０９ ±１－１２） ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ（１９５－８ ±４３－１） ｍｇ／ｄＬ,（ Ｐ＝ ０－０３１ ７） ;ＬＤＬ－ Ｃ：Ａ 组（３－１３±１－１４）ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ（１２０．４ ±４３．８） ｍｇ／ｄＬ,Ｂ 组（３－６９ ±１－０９） ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ（１４１－９ ±４１－９） ｍｇ／ｄＬ,Ｃ组（３－２３±１－１５）ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ（１２４－４ ±４４－２） ｍｇ／ｄＬ,（Ｐ＝ ０－０２７ ４） ;ＨＤＬ－ Ｃ：Ａ 组（１－１８ ±０－４１） ｍｍｏｌ／     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.