藜草花粉特异性致敏哮喘动物模型的制备

目的:建立藜草花粉粗制变应原诱导的小鼠变态反应气管炎症动物模型。方法:制备藜草花粉粗制变应原,将40只BALB/c小鼠,分为:1空白对照组、2低剂量组、3中剂量组、4高剂量组,每组10只。分别通过HE染色观察小鼠肺部炎症和黏液分泌;观察支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中细胞总数和细胞分类;用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测BALF、脾组织匀浆上清的IL-4、IFN-γ和血清抗原特异的IgE、IgG1抗体。结果:随着抗原浓度的升高肺部病理改变呈明显的变态反应炎症;BALF中的细胞总数、巨噬细胞数、EOS计数、IL-4、血清抗原特异性IgE抗体、IgG1抗体也逐步升高并明显高于空白对照组(P<0.05);BALF、脾组织匀浆上清的IFN-γ与空白对照组相比却反而下降(P<0.05)。结论:藜草花粉成功构建小鼠变态反应气道炎症动物模型。     

重组葎草花粉主要变应原免疫特性研究

目的鉴定重组葎草花粉主要变应原pTSX2的免疫特性,并初步评价其安全性。方法应用Western blotting鉴定pTSX2
的免疫特性;ELISA法检测经pTSX2免疫的小鼠血清sIgE、sIgG水平;pTSX2免疫治疗小鼠哮喘模型后：ELISA法测定小鼠血
清sIgE、sIgG水平;计数小鼠支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）中细胞总数及嗜酸性粒细胞（Eos）比值;ELISA法检测小鼠BALF中及
脾组织匀浆中细胞因子（IL-4、IFN-γ）水平;评价小鼠肺组织炎症程度。结果Western blotting结果显示重组表达的pTSX2可与
70%的葎草花粉特异性过敏的变应性哮喘患者血清发生抗原抗体反应;pTSX2免疫正常小鼠后主要诱导产生血清sIgG;pTSX2
免疫治疗小鼠哮喘模型后：血清中sIgE、sIgG的抗体水平分别为（146.74±28.57）和（548.76±11.98）μg/ml,与哮喘模型组的
（603.06±10.00）和（260.32±6.40）μg/ml相比差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;BALF中细胞总数及Eos百分比与哮喘模型组相比明
显下降（P<0.05）;BALF中IL-4、IFN-γ水平分别为（56.74±28.57）和（49.7±11.98）pg/ml,与哮喘模型组的（89.03±10.00）和
（23.10±6.40）pg/ml相比差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;脾组织匀浆中IL-4、IFN-γ水平分别为（126.24±37.00）和（1547.72±490.43）
pg/ml,与哮喘模型组的（457.95±70.06）和（720.34±93.96）pg/ml相比差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;肺组织炎症程度减轻。结论
重组葎草花粉主要变应原pTSX2具有较好的免疫治疗作用,且安全性较高,其机制可能是抑制变应原sIgE抗体、诱导变应原
sIgG抗体产生,降低气道炎症细胞浸润,调节Thl/Ih2平衡。
     

哮喘氧化应激模型大鼠TGF-β、IFN-γ的表达及温通方对其调节作用研究

目的观察哮喘氧化应激模型大鼠肺组织、支气管肺泡灌洗液中TGF-β、IFN-γ的表达,及地塞米松、温通方高、中、低剂量对模型的干预作用。方法大鼠随机分为正常组,模型组,温通方高、中、低剂量组,地塞米松组6组,每组10只。使用卵蛋白与氢氧化铝混合液致敏大鼠后再行卵蛋白激发的方法,复制出支气管哮喘模型,各组均给予相应药物灌胃,连续14 d。观察大鼠一般状态,并检测TGF-β、IFN-γ在肺组织、支气管肺泡灌洗液的含量。结果模型组大鼠肺组织、支气管肺泡灌洗液中TGF-β、IFN-γ含量可见明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。经给药治疗后,上述因子水平均可见不同程度的升高,其中高剂量组、地塞米松组效果尤为突出。在改善肺组织IFN-γ含量方面,中剂量组效果较好;高剂量组、低剂量组IFN-γ含量升高不明显,与模型组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论温通方高、中剂量组能够不同程度的调节肺组织及灌洗液中TGF-β、IFN-γ含量,以减低哮喘大鼠炎症反应,缓解症状,从而达到治疗支气管哮喘的作用。     

经多酚氧化酶处理的德国小蠊低致敏变应原疫苗免疫治疗小鼠过敏性气道炎症的研究

目的研究经多酚氧化酶(PPO)处理的德国小蠊低致敏变应原疫苗对小鼠过敏性气道炎症的治疗效果及其治疗机理。方法提取新鲜马铃薯多酚氧化酶,将德国小蠊变应原粗浸液与PPO溶液按1∶2混合制备低致敏变应原疫苗。动物实验取20只BALB/c小鼠随机分为A组(模型组)、B组(低致敏变应原疫苗治疗组)、C组(PPO治疗对照组)和D组(正常对照组)。D组给予生理盐水。各组经腹部皮下注射致敏、治疗和滴鼻激发。激发结束后第2天进行气道高反应检测。第3天剖杀,进行支气管肺泡灌洗(BAL)、细胞总数计数、嗜酸粒细胞计数和肺组织炎症、支气管黏液分泌HE染色观察。结果气道高反应检测中A组Penh值随雾化乙酰甲胆碱(Mch)浓度增加变化明显,B组Penh值曲线增幅相对平坦,两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。D组Penh值随Mch浓度增加变化最小。A组支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中的细胞总数比D组明显增多,分类细胞以中性和嗜酸粒细胞为主。B组较A组细胞总数和嗜酸粒细胞均明显减少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A、C组肺部组织呈明显的变态反应性炎症,B组低致敏变应原疫苗治疗的肺部嗜酸粒细胞浸润和黏液分泌比A、C组明显减少。结论德国小蠊变应原粗浸液与PPO共同作用后变应原性降低。该方法制备的低致敏变应原疫苗治疗可抑制小鼠肺部过敏炎症。     

不同剂量致敏原对小鼠过敏性哮喘模型的影响

目的:研究不同剂量致敏原对小鼠过敏性哮喘模型的影响.方法:用不同剂量的鸡卵蛋白(OVA)致敏激发BALB/c小鼠,复制哮喘模型,观察支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中白细胞总数、嗜酸粒细胞百分比,ELISA检测血清中OVA特异性抗体IgE、IgG2a和脾单核细胞培养上清中IL-4、IL-5、IL-12、IFN-γ的含量变化,常规病理切片观察肺内炎症情况.结果:10 μg组肺部炎症情况最明显,BALF白细胞总数(×105/ml)、嗜酸粒细胞百分比(％)、OVA特异性抗体IgE(U/ml)分别为(13.05±2.07,75.1±8.9和256.16±2.58),与0 μg组(2.78±0.21,0.5±0.5,3.16±0.75)、100 μg组(8.69±1.61,64.2±9.1,133.74±2.11)、1 000 μg组(4.17±0.36, 12.4±3.4, 32.07±1.96)相比差异性显著,且IL-4、IL-5升高以10 μg组明显,高剂量1 000 μg组IL-12、IFN-γ、IgG2a升高明显.结论:致敏原的剂量可能通过影响细胞因子的产生类型而影响小鼠哮喘模型表型的变化.     

肥胖哮喘动物模型的建立

目的 探索在高脂饲料诱导肥胖基础上建立哮喘动物模型,并对模型进行评估.方法 40只清洁级雌性3周断乳C57BL/6J小鼠按随机数字表法分为4组,每组10只.分别进行普通饲料喂养 NS致敏激发(A组);普通饲料喂养 OVA致敏激发(B组);高脂饲料喂养 NS致敏激发(C组);高脂饲料喂养 OVA致敏激发(D组),比较各组肥胖和哮喘评价指标.结果 ①C、D组体质量、体长、Lee's指数、肝脏质量、肝脏/体质量均明显大于A、B组(P＜0.05).②A、C组小鼠肺组织无炎症改变,B、D组炎症浸润明显,其中D组更甚.③支气管肺泡灌洗液细胞总数、嗜酸性粒细胞比例D组明显高于各组,B组明显高于A组(P＜0.05).④B、D组支气管肺泡灌洗液中IL-4分别较A、C组明显升高(P＜0.05),IFN-γ则明显降低(P＜0.05),D组IL-4/IFN-γ明显高于B组(P＜0.05).结论 用不含致敏原的自制高脂饲料喂养,采用OVA致敏、激发C57BL/6J小鼠成功建立了肥胖哮喘模型.     

健儿乐颗粒预防CVA小鼠气道变应性炎症的实验研究

目的 观察健儿乐颗粒对CVA小鼠气道变应性炎症的改善作用,并探讨其作用机制.方法 选择雌性Balb/c小鼠,随机分为5组,用鸡卵白蛋白(OVA)抗原溶液腹腔注射致敏,雾化吸入激发制备哮喘小鼠模型,造模后观察小鼠哮喘发作急性期症状,监测血及BALF中IFN-γ-IL-4的含量变化,并进行肺组织病理学观察.结果 健儿乐颗粒能改善CVA小鼠肺病理学改变;健儿乐组肺泡灌洗液中的细胞计数与模型组相比,P＜0.05;健儿乐组肺泡灌洗液及血清中IL-4和IFN-γ含量的变化与模型组相比,P＜0.05.结论 健儿乐颗粒能通过抑制CVA小鼠的气道炎症,调节IFN-γ、IL-4等细胞因子等多个途径发挥预防作用.     

FasL基因转染树突状细胞对屋尘螨致敏/激发小鼠气道炎症影响的研究

目的 研究FasL基因转染树突状细胞（DC）对屋尘螨致敏／激发小鼠气道炎症的影响。方法 将FasL基因转染的DC和对照DC（未转染DC）分别经气管注入屋尘螨致敏／激发小鼠体内，病理切片观察小鼠肺部炎症，取支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALV），行BALF细胞总数及分类计数，ELISA检测BALF的白细胞介素-4（m4）、IL-5和γ干扰素（IFN-γ）水平。结果 FasL基因转染的DC过继处理屋尘螨致敏／激发小鼠，能显著地减轻致敏／激发小鼠气道变应性炎症，减少BALF中细胞总数和嗜酸粒细胞比例，降低BALF中IL-4和IL-5的水平，增高IFN-γ水平。结论 FasL基因转染的DC过继处理屋尘螨致敏／激发小鼠能抑制Th2细胞活化，抑制变应性气道炎症。     

哮喘小鼠CD4+T细胞中microRNA-31和FOXP3mRNA的表达及相互关系的研究

目的 初步探讨哮喘CD4+T细胞中microRNA-31和FOXP3的表达水平、两者的相关性及激素对它们的影响.方法 以卵蛋白(OVA)致敏激发建立哮喘小鼠模型.将15只BALB/c小鼠分为正常对照组、OVA组和地塞米松组,EHSA检测小鼠支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中IL-4和IFN-γ水平;实时荧光定量PCR检测小...     

芦荟多糖对卵清蛋白致敏小鼠的脱敏效果

目的:研究芦荟多糖对卵清蛋白(OVA)致敏小鼠的脱敏效果.方法:50只BABL/c小鼠随机分为5组,分别为正常组(A),模型组(B),小、中、高剂量组(C,D,E)组.采用OVA加Al(OH)3注射法复制小鼠OVA致敏模型,期间C,D,E组灌服不同剂量的芦荟多糖干预.24 d后检测小鼠受OVA激发后的反应、肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中总细胞及嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)数量、肺组织丙二醛(MDA)及一氧化氮(NO)含量、血清特异性IgE,BALF及淋巴细胞培养液中的IL-4,IFN-γ含量.结果:芦荟多糖能够减轻致敏小鼠受OVA激发所引起的症状,能够下调BALF及淋巴细胞培养液中的IL-4水平,提升IFN-γ,降低肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中总细胞及EOS数量,使肺组织中与炎症相关的MDA及NO浓度降低,下调血清中特异性IgE.结论:芦荟多糖能够纠正致敏小鼠体内的免疫失衡,对致敏小鼠有一定的治疗作用.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.