超声内镜指导下套扎术对胃间质瘤的治疗价值

目的 观察超声内镜指导下套扎器套扎治疗胃间质瘤的效果.方法 选取经超声内镜检查诊断胃黏膜下来源于胃固有肌层的小间质瘤45例,瘤体直径0.5 ～1.3 cm,以六连环套扎器行内镜下间质瘤套扎治疗,套扎后用超声内镜观察间质瘤是否套入圈套中.术后观察有无出血、穿孔等并发症.术后1～3月复查胃镜以了解愈合情况.结果 胃黏膜下来源于固有肌层小间质瘤45例中,位于胃底32例,胃体11例,胃窦2例.7例行细针穿刺组织病理及免疫组化结果证实为黏膜下间质瘤.行胃黏膜下间质瘤的套扎术,成功44例,成功率97.8％.3例术后黑便,无一例发生穿孔.结论 在超声内镜指导下对胃黏膜下固有肌层小间质瘤行套扎术,方法简便、安全、有效,并发症少,值得临床广泛应用.     

内镜超声检查在上消化道黏膜下肿瘤微创治疗中的价值研究

目的评价超声内镜检查对上消化道黏膜下肿瘤的诊断价值及指导内镜下微创治疗黏膜下肿瘤的疗效及安全性。方法经超声内镜诊断上消化道黏膜下肿瘤82例,根据黏膜下肿瘤的起源层次、大小及性质分别选择不同的内镜治疗方案,内镜治疗包括高频电凝电切术、内镜下黏膜切除术、皮圈套扎术等。标本行常规病理学及免疫组化检查。术后定期内镜随访。结果26例超声判断起源于黏膜肌层的上消化道黏膜下肿瘤行高频电凝电切术;17例起源于黏膜肌层的平坦型上消化道黏膜下肿瘤行内镜下黏膜切除术;38例起源于固有肌层和1例起源于黏膜肌层的上消化道黏膜下肿瘤行皮圈套扎术。内镜超声诊断与术后病理符合率为91．4％。术后1例出血,其余无严重并发症发生。79例术后随访3—24个月无复发。结论超声内镜能够对消化道黏膜下肿瘤进行起源和定性诊断,超声内镜为内镜微创治疗选择消化道黏膜下肿瘤适应证具有良好的指导作用,内镜治疗是消化道黏膜下肿瘤治疗的安全、有效的手段。     

多环黏膜套扎切除术治疗巨大结肠侧向发育型肿瘤1例

结肠侧向发育型肿瘤可通过内镜下黏膜切除术(endoscopic mucosal resection,EMR)及内镜下黏膜剥离术(endoscopic submucosal dissection,ESD)取得较好的治疗效果,但病变较大时行ESD术操作困难,并发症多.济南军区总医院消化内镜中心采用多环黏膜套扎器治疗1例巨大结肠侧向发育型肿瘤,效果显著,无并发症发生,为此类病变的治疗提供了新方法.     

内镜下黏膜切除术治疗早期大肠癌

目的探讨内镜下黏膜切除术治疗早期大肠癌的安全性及治疗效果。方法对26例早期大肠癌患者进行内镜下黏膜切除术切除病变,观察并发症、术后病理及术后内镜随访情况。结果一次性完整切除病变24例,分2块全部切除2例。术中出血2例(发生率7.7%),予止血夹钳夹止血。术后无出血及穿孔等并发症。术后病理:25例黏膜内癌,1例黏膜下癌,切缘距离病变超过2 mm,无肿瘤组织残留,无血管及淋巴管侵犯。26例病变均完全切除,术后6个月复查结肠镜2例创面见息肉样组织增生,予高频电切除,病理诊断为黏膜组织慢性炎,其余病例创面形成瘢痕,无肿瘤复发。1年后复查结肠镜病变均无复发。此后每年复查结肠镜,原切除部位无肿瘤复发。结论内镜下黏膜切除术治疗早期大肠癌是安全、有效的,在完全切除病变的前提下,可达到根治效果。     

直肠类癌内镜诊断及治疗46例

目的:探讨内镜下直肠类癌的诊断率及其内镜治疗方法的安全性和有效性.方法:对46例直肠类癌病例进行回顾性分析,总结其内镜下表现,对瘤体直径小于2.0 cm的16例直肠类癌采用内镜下黏膜切除术进行治疗.结果:本组共诊断直肠类癌46例,内镜下治疗16例,术中或术后即刻出血2例,迟发性出血1例,术中穿孔1例,均经内镜治疗及内科保守治疗痊愈,无患者死亡.1例肿瘤切除不完全,转外科追加手术治疗.1例术后3 mo随访时见复发,转外科行手术治疗.结论:直肠类癌可通过内镜下钳取组织行病理检查或全瘤切除后活检而确诊,内镜治疗对于直径小于1.0 cm的直肠类癌是一种简单、安全有效的方法,术后应定期随访.     

超声内镜指导胃镜下食管静脉曲张套扎术在胃黏膜间质瘤中的应用

目的观察超声内镜指导胃镜下食管静脉曲张套扎术在胃黏膜间质瘤中的效果。方法经超声内镜检查诊断筛选胃黏膜下小间质瘤83例,大小0.6～1.5 cm,以食管静脉曲张套扎器行内镜下黏膜套扎术治疗,于术后3个月、半年随访观察。结果胃黏膜下良性小间质瘤83例均起源于胃固有肌层;胃贲门6例,胃底19例,胃体31例,胃窦27例,部分细针穿刺组织,病理符合率为100%,进行胃黏膜下间质瘤的套扎术,成功81例,成功率97.59%,超声内镜随访,间质瘤消除82例,随访清除率98.80%。结论在超声内镜检查指导下选择合适胃黏膜间质瘤,用食管静脉曲张套扎器套扎,治愈率高、安全、有效、简便,值得进一步推广。     

经内镜尼龙圈套扎治疗巨大大肠息肉33例临床分析

目的探讨内镜下尼龙圈套扎法治疗亚蒂或粗蒂大肠息肉的应用价值。方法对2002年1月至2006年8月沈阳军区总医院消化内镜科收治的巨大大肠息肉患者33例采用结肠镜下尼龙圈结扎装置将尼龙圈套扎于大息肉根部,协同高频电切除治疗。结果本组33例亚蒂或粗蒂大肠息肉均套扎成功。术后2周复查结肠镜示:息肉完全脱落消失或残留少许蒂部22例,治愈率66.7%;其余11例(33.3%)息肉瘤体明显缩小均超过1/3以上,其中7例部分脱落,创面形成溃疡,再次行高频电切除,其余4例再次套扎,1周后协同高频电切除。所有病例未出现出血、穿孔等并发症。结论内镜下尼龙圈套扎治疗结肠宽基底或亚蒂息肉是一种安全、行之有效的方法,与高频电切除等治疗手段优势互补,值得推广。     

内镜超声在消化道黏膜下肿瘤诊断与治疗中的价值

目的 评价内镜超声在消化道黏膜下肿瘤的诊断及治疗中的价值.方法 对内镜检查中怀疑黏膜下肿瘤者进行内镜超声检查,根据黏膜下肿瘤的起源层次及性质决定治疗方案,内镜治疗包括内镜下黏膜切除术、黏膜剥离-肿瘤摘除术、高频电切术及硬化治疗.结果 73例良性间质瘤起源于黏膜肌层,7例直肠类癌位于黏膜固有层;脂肪瘤13例、异位胰腺17例、胃底静脉曲张5例、囊肿6例起源于黏膜下层;95例良性间质瘤及21例恶性间质瘤起源于固有肌层,1例类癌侵及固有肌层.61例源于黏膜肌层及8例源于固有肌层的良性间质瘤、8例脂肪瘤、8例异位胰腺及7例类癌经内镜切除,4例囊肿行内镜下穿刺治疗;33例源于固有肌层的良性间质瘤、18例恶性间质瘤、2例脂肪瘤、2例异位胰腺及1例类癌经手术切除.病理符合率为97.97%.结论 超声内镜能够对消化道黏膜下肿瘤进行起源和定性诊断,对黏膜下肿瘤治疗方案的选择具有重要的指导意义.     

上消化道黏膜下肿瘤特点及内镜下治疗的效果和安全性分析

目的分析上消化道黏膜下肿瘤的临床特点及内镜下治疗的效果和安全性。方法收集2012-02~2017-02该院收住的上消化道黏膜下肿瘤患者264例,采用内镜下治疗,切除标本行常规病理及免疫组化检查。统计各种黏膜下肿瘤的性质、起源和分布。所有患者术后随访1年。结果 264例患者中,病变部位食管黏膜下肿瘤占65. 9%,胃黏膜下肿瘤占33. 0%,十二指肠黏膜下肿瘤占1. 1%。病变性质平滑肌瘤占72. 3%,间质瘤占12. 1%,脂肪瘤占5. 3%,异位胰腺占4. 6%,神经鞘瘤占1. 5%,囊肿占1. 1%,神经内分泌瘤占1. 1%,静脉瘤占1. 1%,颗粒细胞瘤占0. 8%。所有患者术后1年复查胃镜,未见复发及并发症。结论上消化道黏膜下肿瘤以良性肿瘤为主,其中分布于食管最多见,其次是胃,十二指肠最少。食管黏膜下肿瘤以平滑肌瘤最多见,胃以平滑肌瘤、间质瘤最多见。对于直径≤4 cm的上消化道黏膜下肿瘤,如平滑肌瘤、间质瘤、脂肪瘤、异位胰腺、神经鞘瘤、囊肿、神经内分泌瘤、静脉瘤、颗粒细胞瘤、血管瘤等,均可采取内镜下手术治疗,且安全、有效。     

内镜下皮圈套扎术对胃间质瘤的治疗价值

目的 探讨内镜下皮圈套扎术对胃间质瘤的治疗价值.方法 选择胃固有肌层间质瘤患者29例(间质瘤直径<12 mm),行内镜下套扎治疗,术后行常规内镜及EUS随访.结果 28例患者完全治愈,创面在术后4～6周(平均4.8周)内愈合良好;1例患者瘤体未完全脱落,行再次套扎治疗.1例患者术后出现上消化道出血,行内镜下金属夹止血;其他患者未出现术后并发症.全部随访36～51个月,1例术后3个月复发,腹腔镜下切除;其余病例未见复发.结论 对于<12 mm的胃肠间质瘤,内镜套扎术治疗并进行术后超声内镜系统随访是有效而安全的.     

内镜下钛夹、尼龙圈套辅助高频电切术治疗胃肠道巨大有蒂息肉的临床研究

目的 评价内镜下钛夹、尼龙圈套辅助高频电切术治疗胃肠道巨大息肉的效果及安全性.方法 对50例患者共85处消化道巨大有蒂息肉样病变分别采用钛夹、尼龙圈套辅助高频电凝切除术的治疗方法进行回顾性分析.结果 85枚巨大息肉中,上消化道15枚,结肠66枚,直肠4枚.其中62枚息肉采用尼龙圈套＋高频电凝切除术治疗,23枚息肉采用高频电凝切除术＋肽夹钳夹术治疗,术中无一例发生出血;术后迟发性出血2例（2.4%）,急诊内镜下钛夹止血成功,无其它并发症发生.结论 消化道息肉高频电切术后最常见且最棘手的并发症是出血,巨大息肉发生在术中或术后迟发性出血的机率更大,采用尼龙圈套及金属肽夹辅助高频电凝切除术,能有效预防粗蒂大息肉样病变切除术中和术后出血,是消化道巨大息肉内镜下治疗安全有效的联合治疗技术.     

高频电圈套技术在支气管内病变中的应用

目的探讨高频电圈套技术在支气管病变中的应用。方法在局麻下经气管镜高频电圈套技术对气管内病变进行电凝。结果 31例支气管病变的患者行高频电圈套34次,10例有效,11例部分有效,7例轻度有效,3例无效,其中3人行两次高频电圈套治疗。其中良性病变:5例,恶性病变:26例。合并出血8例,感染1例。结论经气管镜高频电圈套技术消除支气管内病变安全、有效,不良反应少,在解除支气管内病变尤其是良性病变导致的阻塞或梗阻方面作用巨大。     

经支气管镜高频电圈套治疗气道新生物的临床应用

目的评估经支气管镜高频电圈套治疗气道内新生物的安全性和疗效。方法研究该院经支气管镜高频圈套治疗气道内新生物的214例患者资料,观察患者术后症状缓解情况及并发症。结果 62例良性气道内病灶患者通过电圈套治疗得到根治,其余26例良性气道病变与126例恶性病变通过多次电圈套治疗,达到缓解临床症状,姑息性治疗的目的。结论经支气管镜高频电圈套治疗气道内新生物是一种经济、安全、有效的手段。     

Endoloop ligation of large pedunculated submucosal tumors (with videos)

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic treatment of a pedunculated submucosal tumor (SMT) has not been well established. In particular, endoscopic cautery snare resection of a large pedunculated SMT is discouraged because of the increased risk of bowel perforation. OBJECTIVE: To report the clinical outcome of endoloop ligation for the treatment of various pedunculated SMTs with a clip-marking technique. DESIGN: Prospective evaluation of 10 patients who, between June 2005 and May 2006, received endoloop ligation with a clip-marking technique. SETTING: At a tertiary-care, academic medical center. PATIENTS: Ten patients with various pedunculated SMTs with either symptomatic lesions or large-sized lesions (>4 cm). MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Clinical procedural success, reported adverse events. RESULTS: Nine cases were successfully treated, with tumor removal within 4 weeks. In contrast, only 1 patient needed a second session of loop ligation. Only 6 specimens were retrieved. There were no procedure-related complications, such as bleeding or perforation. LIMITATIONS: Retrieval by the patient of a specimen from stool was possible in only 60% of cases; a limited number of 10 patients; by oncology standards, not the correct treatment for nonlipomatous lesions, which limits its application to surgical risk candidates. CONCLUSIONS: Endoloop ligation of large pedunculated SMTs seemed to be technically feasible and appeared to be safe in this case series. Further controlled clinical trials have to be conducted before application of this technique to a large submucosal lipoma or other SMTs in surgical high-risk candidates can be generally recommended.     

经胃镜使用套扎器单环套扎治疗食管黏膜下肿瘤57例

目的:探讨经胃镜使用套扎器单环套扎食管黏膜下肿瘤的治疗价值.方法:对57例经超声胃镜微探头诊断为食管黏膜下肿瘤的患者进行有弹性的单环套扎治疗.结果:57例患者的食管黏膜下肿瘤均完全切除,未发生任何并发症(穿孔、出血).1例1 mo复查时病变无改变,给与重新套扎.经过1 mo、3 mo及6 mo的胃镜随访,所有病例无复发,无不良反应.结论:经胃镜对食管黏膜下肿瘤进行有弹性的单环套扎术是有效和安全的治疗方法.     

内镜金属夹联合电凝切除老年人结肠巨大息肉62例疗效分析

采用OlympusCF-Q240型电子结肠镜、OlympusPSD-30高频电发生器、OlympusHX-5LR-1金属夹释放器、MD-850型金属夹、圈套器等,对62例老年人结肠巨大息肉钳夹后电凝切除,术后定期随访,观察疗效。62例老年患者共切除息肉86枚,平均放置金属夹2.6枚,未发生严重并发症。内镜下金属夹联合高频电凝切除老年人结肠巨大息肉是一种安全高效的微创治疗方法,完全可以替代手术治疗。     

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Submucosal Nodules in Patients with Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

Submucosal nodules are often encountered during investigations of the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This is particularly true in diseases resulting in chronic hypergastrinemia, such as Zollinger-Kllison syndrome (ZES), in which submucosal gastric and duodenal lesions can occur. Forceps biopsy of submucosal lesions often yields only normal mucosa; however, fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has recently been described as having high diagnostic accuracy for submucosal tumors Therefore, we prospectively studied the use of FNAC in 43 patients with ZES. Overall, 33% of patients with ZES had nodules. In patients with the sporadic form of ZES, submucosal nodules were found in 18%, whereas submucosal nodules were found in 80% of patients who had ZES in conjunction with multiple endocrine neoplasia type I (MEN-I). FNAC identified 11/12 (92%) of the neuroendocrine tumors, and identified another 8/9 as non-neuroendocrine. Jumbo forceps biopsy was performed on 18 nodules and diagnosed one neuroendocrine tumor. Subsequently, 11 of these nodules were found to possess neuroendocrine tumor; thus only 1/11 (9%) neuroendocrine tumors removed were accurately identified by jumbo forceps biopsy. Of the first 14 nodules, sufficient tissue was left after biopsy to permit snare polypectomy on 12 nodules. Four nodules were found to contain neuroendocrine tumor. Snare polypectomy resulted in a duodenal perforation that required surgery in one patient, and thus was not performed on the final seven nodules. We conclude that 1) upper GI tract submucosal nodules are common in patients with ZES, although neuroendocrine tumor is common only in those patients with ZES and MEN-1; 2) FNAC can accurately diagnose submucosal neuroendocrine tumors in patients with ZES; 3) jumbo biopsy is not belpful in the evaluation of these submucosal nodules; and 4) snare polypectomy can result in duodenal perforation, and thus should not be routinely performed.     

四种内镜下尼龙绳结扎法处理上消化道黏膜下肿瘤的疗效评价

目的 评价内镜下尼龙绳结扎技术治疗上消化道黏膜下肿瘤的临床疗效与安全性.方法 选择位于食管、胃、十二指肠的黏膜下肿瘤,采用内镜下尼龙绳结扎治疗,包括直接结扎、透明帽辅助结扎、双通道内镜结扎以及联合黏膜下剥离术（ESD）结扎.术后内镜随访,评价治疗效果与安全性.结果 自2006年6月至2008年12月共入选128例黏膜下肿瘤患者,食管28例,胃82例,十二指肠18例.3例采用直接结扎法,105例采用透明帽辅助结扎法,8例采用双通道内镜结扎法,12例联合ESD结扎.111例患者接受内镜随访,16例病灶（14.4%）较前明显缩小,16例（14.4%）尼龙绳未脱落,其余71例（63.9%）病人病灶完全消失,治疗有效率为92.8%.均未出现迟发性穿孔、出血等并发症.结论 内镜下尼龙绳结扎联合其他辅助方法治疗上消化道黏膜下肿瘤是安全及有效的.     

High-frequency probe EUS-assisted endoscopic mucosal resection: a therapeutic strategy for submucosal tumors of the GI tract.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of high-frequency probe EUS (HFPE)-assisted endoscopic mucosal resection in the management of submucosal tumors of the GI tract. METHODS: HFPE-assisted endoscopic mucosal resection was attempted in 28 patients with submucosal tumors less than 2 cm in diameter. HFPE was performed with a 20-MHz "through-the-scope" probe. Saline solution was injected into the submucosa. After confirming detachment of the lesion from the muscularis propria by repeat HFPE, endoscopic mucosal resection was performed with a lift-and-cut or endoscopic mucosal resection cap technique. Follow-up endoscopy was performed in all patients. RESULTS: Submucosal tumors from the following areas were included: esophagus 3, stomach 4, duodenum 3, and colon 18. The submucosal tumors were located in the upper third (n = 3), middle third (n = 18), and lower third (n = 7) of the submucosa. Twenty-one submucosal tumors were removed by the lift-and-cut technique and 6 by the cap method. One patient required surgical resection after unsuccessful endoscopic mucosal resection. The origin and depth of penetration of all lesions was accurately depicted by HFPE. Median tumor diameter was 9 mm (range 3-20 mm). Resection was successful and complete in 93% of the cases. There were no immediate postprocedure complications (exact 95% CI [0%, 12.3%]). During a median follow-up of 21.5 months (range 2-74 months) no recurrence was found. CONCLUSIONS: HFPE-assisted endoscopic mucosal resection is safe and effective for the management of selected submucosal tumors of the GI tract. A management algorithm based on endoscopic and HFPE findings is proposed.     

内镜下尼龙绳套扎治疗大肠息肉

目的 探讨内镜下尼龙绳套扎法治疗宽基底或粗蒂的大肠息肉的价值。方法 将尼龙绳圈通过肠镜操纵把手套扎于息肉根部。结果 本组32例共40枚大肠宽基底或粗蒂息肉均一次性套扎成功，11枚同时加高频电切除。术后2周复查示30枚息肉完全脱落消失(含已用切除者)，6枚部分脱落，治愈率、有效率、无效率分别为78．9％、15．8％、5．3％。所有病例未见出血、穿孔等并发症。结论 尼龙绳套扎法对宽基底或粗蒂的大肠息肉治疗效果满意，并发症少。