原发性高血压患者血浆神经肽动态变化与血压昼夜节律相关性研究

目的　探讨原发性高血压患者血浆神经肽Y(NPY)与神经降压肽(NT)动态变化及其与血压昼夜节律的相关性。方法　原发性高血压患者60例,根据其动态血压监测的特征将其分为杓型与非杓型组;同时选择20例健康志愿者作为正常对照组。采用放射免疫分析法(RIA)在2: 00、8: 00、16: 00分别测定其血浆NPY、NT含量并进行比较。结果　原发性高血压患者昼夜血浆NPY水平明显高于正常对照组(P<0. 01),而NT水平明显低于正常对照组(P<0. 05);非杓型组与杓型组比较,在2: 00时NPY水平明显升高(P<0. 05),NT明显降低(P<0. 05)。结论　不同昼夜血压分布的原发性高血压患者,血浆NPY、NT水平昼夜变化不同。     

老年高血压及高血压心脏病血浆神经肽Y和神经降压素的变化

目的 :探讨老年高血压及高血压心脏损害血浆神经肽Y(neuropeptideY ,NPY)和神经降压素 (neurotensin ,NT)的变化及其临床意义。方法 :采用同位素放射免疫分析法 ,对 5 0例老年高血压患者和 30例正常健康老年人进行血浆NPY和NT含量的检测。结果 :老年高血压患者血浆NPY含量 [( 1 5 0 .7± 1 5 .5 )ng/L]明显高于正常对照组 [( 1 0 1 .9±37.9)ng/L],血浆NT含量 [( 4 8.5± 1 9.1 )ng/L]则明显低于对照组 [( 88.4± 2 7.8)ng/L];高血压心脏病患者血浆NPY含量 [( 1 6 5 .7± 2 0 .1 )ng/L]明显高于无心脏损害患者 [( 1 2 0 .7± 2 3.4)ng/L],而NT含量 [( 4 0 .5± 1 6 .4)ng/L]则明显低于无心脏损害患者 [( 5 9.4± 1 7.3)ng/L]。 结论 :老年高血压及心脏损害患者存在血浆NPY水平异常增加和NT含量的降低 ,二者可能协同促进了老年高血压及高血压心脏病的形成。检测血浆NPY和NT的水平在一定程度上可作为评估老年高血压及其靶器官心脏损害受损程度的指标。     

尿毒症血液透析患者血浆神经肽Y、神经降压素变化及其意义

目的　探讨尿毒症血液透析患者血浆神经肽Y(NPY)、神经降压素 (NT)变化及其意义。方法　采用放射免疫分析法检测 4 0例尿毒症患者血液透析前后血浆NPY、NT水平 ,并以 30例正常人作为对照。结果　尿毒症血透患者血浆NPY水平显著高于正常对照组 (P <0 0 1) ,NT水平显著低于正常对照组 (P <0 0 1) ;其中 2 4例高血压组患者血浆NPY水平明显高于非高血压组 (P <0 0 1) ,而血浆NT水平显著低于非高血压组 (P <0 0 1) ;4 0例与血透前比较 ,血液透析后NPY水平明显下降 (P <0 0 1) ,血浆NT水平则明显增高 (P <0 0 1)。结论　尿毒症血透患者体内存在NPY、NT的合成、分泌及代谢失调 ,并参与了尿毒症血液透析患者高血压的病理生理过程。     

血清胱抑素C、同型半胱氨酸水平与原发性高血压病患者靶器官损害的关系

目的探究血清胱抑素C(Cys C)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平与原发性高血压病患者靶器官损伤的关系。方法回顾性选择2014年9月至2017年12月西宁市第一人民医院心血管内科收治的原发性高血压患者纳入研究。收集患者一般资料,测定患者Hcy、Cys C、内生肌酐(Ccr)、颈动脉内膜中层厚度(c IMT)、左室质量指数(LVMI)等指标,比较不同高血压分级(高血压1级22例;高血压2级30例,高血压3级37例)及不同高血压类型患者(非H型高血压组41例及H型高血压组48例)各指标差异,分析血清Cy Sc、Hcy水平与靶器官损伤指标间的相关性。结果高血压患者LVMI、c IMT及血清Hcy、Cys C水平随高血压严重程度增加而升高(P <0. 05);血清Ccr水平随血压分级升高而递减,差异具有统计学意义(P <0. 05);H型高血压患者Hcy、Cys C、LVMI及c IMT显著高于非H型高血压患者(P <0. 05);Ccr水平显著低于非H型高血压患者,差异具统计学意义(P <0. 05);Pearson相关性分析示,血清Hcy与c IMT、LVMI呈正相关(P <0.05),与Ccr呈负相关(P <0.05);血清Cys C与LVMI呈正相关(P <0.05),与Ccr呈负相关(P <0. 05)。结论血清Cy Sc、Hcy水平与原发性高血压病患者靶器官损害相关,可作为反映靶器官损伤的参考指标。     

原发性高血压患者血浆神经肽Y、神经降压素水平与心功能损害及其预后的相关性

背量研究证实神经肽Y和神经降压素(neurotensin,NY)具有重要的血管调节作用,与原发性高血压的发生发展有密切关系,而其与靶器官损害及其预后的关系有待进一步研究.目的探讨原发性高血压病患者血浆神经肽Y及NT水平的变化,以及与高血压性心功能损害的关系.设计以诊断为依据的横断面研究.地点、对象和方法选择符合原发性高血压诊断标准的解放军第304医院住院患者80例,28例健康查体者或健康志愿者作为对照.用放射免疫分析法检测血浆神经肽Y,NT浓度,同时检查患者心脏结构和功能.主要观察指标按原发性高血压病分期、心功能分级、心脏左室后壁和室间隔厚度分类后测定的血浆神经肽Y,NT浓度.结果原发性高血压Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ期3组患者血浆神经肽Y浓度分别为(101±31),(153±41),(198±46)ng/L,差异有显著性意义(P=0.0001);3组患者血浆NT水平分别为(96±32),(78±31),(54±24)ng/L,差异有显著性意义(P=0.000 1).原发性高血压病患者按心功能分级分为1,2,3级3组,神经肽Y浓度分别为(112±34),(159±33),(216±40)ng/L,差异有显著性意义(P=0.000 1);3组NT浓度分别为(99±27),(68±30),(48±15)ng/L,差异有显著性意义(P=0.000 1),随心功能恶化,神经肽Y水平升高,而NT水平降低.原发性高血压患者伴有室间隔和(或)左室后壁肥厚组血浆神经肽Y水平[(202±43)ng/L]高于室间隔和左室后壁正常组[(125±34)ng/L](t=-9.0219,P=0.0001),而NT水平则肥厚组[(52±22)ng/L]低于正常组[(90±29)ng/L](P=0.000 1).结论神经肽Y,NT参与了原发性高血压的发病过程,与患者心脏功能损害程度相关,观察血浆神经肽Y,NT水平变化有助于判断原发性高血压患者的病情和预后.     

原发性高血压患者血浆神经肽Y、神经降压素水平与心功能损害及其预后的相关性

背量：研究证实神经肽Y和神经降压素(neurotensin，NT)具有重要的血管调节作用，与原发性高血压的发生发展有密切关系，而其与靶器官损害及其预后的关系有待进一步研究。目的：探讨原发性高血压病患者血浆神经肽Y及NT水平的变化，以及与高血压性心功能损害的关系。设计：以诊断为依据的横断面研究。地点、对象和方法：选择符合原发性高血压诊断标准的解放军第304医院住院患者80例，28例健康查体者或健康志愿者作为对照。用放射免疫分析法检测血浆神经肽Y,NT浓度，同时检查患者心脏结构和功能。主要观察指标：按原发性高血压病分期、心功能分级、心脏左室后壁和室间隔厚度分类后测定的血浆神经肽Y，NT浓度。结果：原发性高血压Ⅰ，Ⅱ，Ⅲ期3组患者血浆神经肽Y浓度分别为(101&;#177;31)，(153&;#177;41)，(198&;#177;46)ng／L，差异有显著性意义(P=0．0001)；3组患者血浆NT水平分别为(96&;#177;32)，(78&;#177;31)，(54&;#177;24)ng／L，差异有显著性意义(P=0．0001)。原发性高血压病患者按心功能分级分为1，2，3级3组，神经肽Y浓度分别为(112&;#177;34)，(159&;#177;33)，(216&;#177;40)ng／L，差异有显著性意义(P=0．0001)；3组NT浓度分别为(99&;#177;27)，(68&;#177;30)，(48&;#177;15)ng／L．差异有显著性意义(P=0．0001)，随心功能恶化，神经肽Y水平升高，而NT。水平降低。原发性高血压患者伴有室间隔和(或)左室后壁肥厚组血浆神经肽Y水平[(202&;#177;43)ng／L]高于室间隔和左室后壁正常组[(125&;#177;34)ng／L](t=-9．0219，P=0．0001)，而NT水平则肥厚组[(52&;#177;22)ng／L]低于正常组[(90&;#177;29)ng／L](P=0．0001)。结论：神经肽Y，NT参与了原发性高血压的发病过程，与患者心脏功能损害程度相关，观察血浆神经肽Y，NT水平变化有助于判断原发性高血压患者的病情和预后。     

2型糖尿病血浆神经肽Y及神经降压素的变化与临床意义

目的探讨神经肽Y(NPY)和神经降压素 (NT)在 2型糖尿病 (DM )血浆中含量变化及其临床意义。方法采用放射免疫方法测定 6 0例 2型糖尿病患者血浆中NPY及NT的浓度。结果 2型DM患者血浆NPY的浓度 (2 4 3.2 5±80 .7) pg/mg ,明显高于对照组 (12 0 .82± 2 2 .0 5 ) pg/ml(P <0 .0 1)。NT的浓度 (2 7.96± 15 .2 5 )pg/ml明显低于对照组(10 3.0 6± 17.0 3) pg/ml(P <0 .0 1)对NPY和NT进行相关性分析 ,DM组呈显著负相关 (r =- 0 .9985 ,P <0 .0 1) ,对照组无相关性 (r=- 0 .0 78,P >0 .0 5 )。结论NPY及NT对 2型糖尿病的发病机理及并发症有重要意义。对其进一步研究寻找对DM及并发症的防治有重要价值。     

动态血压128例临床观察

目的探讨老年高血压病的临床特点,提高对老年高血压病的认识及诊治水平。方法对72例于我科门诊或病房经观察偶测血压,按1999年WHO高血压分类标准确诊为高血压病的老年患者行24 h动态血压监测,根据动态血压结果,将确定无疑的高血压病患者定为老年组,另取经动态血压监测确诊为高血压病的中青年患者作为对照组,通过观察血压水平、靶器官损害发生率、血压昼夜节律等指标进行分析研究。结果老年高血压病组的靶器官损害发生率高于中青年组（P〈0.05）,老年高血压病组的血压昼夜节律消失者及有晨峰现象者明显高于中青年组（P〈0.01）。结论老年高血压患者易发生晨峰现象,血压昼夜节律消失,更易发生心、脑、肾等靶器官损害。     

女性更年期高血压患者神经内分泌因素与动态血压的关系

目的探讨神经内分泌因素与女性更年期高血压患者24h血压节律的关系。方法采用放射免疫分析法检测78例女性更年期高血压患者血浆神经肽Y(NPY)、神经降压素(NT),应用统计学方法对检测结果进行分析,观察其与24h血压节律正常组(杓型组)及异常组(非杓型组)的关系。结果 78例高血压患者血浆NPY水平与24h平均收缩压、平均舒张压、平均动脉压均呈正相关;血浆NT水平与24h平均舒张压、平均动脉压呈负相关。结论女性更年期高血压患者血浆NPY、NT水平昼夜变化不同,二者含量的改变与血压波动相关。NPY、NT可能参与了高血压的发病过程,并促进其发生、发展。血浆NPY和NT水平在一定程度上可作为评估女性更年期高血压患者血压变化特点的指标之一。     

高血压病患者福辛普利治疗前后血浆肾上腺髓质素水平的变化

目的 :探讨高血压病患者抗高血压治疗前后血浆肾上腺髓质素 (AM )水平的变化。方法 :用特异性的放射免疫分析法测定 3 3例高血压病患者福辛普利治疗前和治疗 3个月后及 3 0例正常对照组的血浆AM水平。结果 :高血压病患者的基础血浆AM水平明显高于对照组 [( 5 5 .78± 15 .0 8)ng/L比 ( 9.90± 6.93 )ng/L ,P <0 .0 1]。Ⅱ期患者的平均血浆AM水平显著高于Ⅰ期患者 [( 61.87± 13 .48)ng/L比 ( 4 8.64± 14 .62 )ng/L ,P <0 .0 1] ;伴有左心室肥厚 (LVH )者高于无LVH者 [( 66.49± 14 .11)ng/L比 ( 5 3 .2 9± 9.62 )ng/L ,P <0 .0 2 ] ;有肾功能损害者也高于无肾功能损害者 [( 67.3 2±15 .92 )ng/L比 ( 5 3 .0 9± 11.47)ng/L ,P <0 .0 2 ]。福辛普利治疗 3个月后 ,高血压病患者的血浆AM水平降至 ( 4 5 .91±10 .2 5 )ng/L( P <0 .0 1) ,但LVH或肾功能损害者仍高于无相应病变者 (均P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :本研究结果显示高血压病患者的血浆AM水平升高 ,尤其是伴LVH和肾功能损害的患者 ,福辛普利治疗后其水平显著下降 ,说明AM可能对血压的调节和肾功能的保护有重要作用。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.