经皮肺动脉瓣球囊扩张治疗先天性肺动脉瓣狭窄临床应用研究

目的：评价经皮球囊成形术（PBPV）治疗肺动脉瓣狭窄（PS）的临床疗效。方法：20例病人,经临床、心电图、胸片及心脏超声诊断为单纯肺动脉瓣狭窄,扩张前确定PS的类型和测量瓣环大小,球囊直径选择比瓣环直径大20%～40%,扩张后即刻测肺动脉跨瓣压差,观察PBPV后,肺动脉瓣的开放,射流,跨瓣压差,三尖瓣及肺动脉瓣返流情况。结果：20例患者均用球囊扩张成功,跨瓣压差下降63.65%（P〈0.01）,1例出现肺动脉瓣轻度关闭不全,1例术中出现窦缓,用阿托品后消失,无任何严重并发症发生。结论：PBPV治疗肺动脉瓣狭窄具有成功率高、创伤小、并发症少等特点,可作为治疗PS的首选方法。     

经皮肺动脉瓣球囊扩张成形术治疗小婴儿重度肺动脉瓣狭窄

目的 回顾性总结经皮肺动脉瓣球囊扩张成形术(PBPV)在重度肺动脉瓣狭窄小婴儿中的即刻治疗效果及6～32个月随访情况.方法 分析2006年6月至2008年8月复日.大学附属儿科医院行PBPV的18例6个月以内重度和极重度肺动脉瓣狭窄小婴儿.年龄8 d～6个月(86 ±63)d,其巾极重度肺动脉瓣狭窄11例,包括2例新生儿.12例采用全身麻醉,6例采用骶管加静脉复合麻醉.球囊直径为5～15 mm,其中6例患者应用2个球囊依次进行扩张,10例患者应用1个球囊扩张.结果 18例患儿中,2例因导管或球囊未能通过肺动脉瓣放弃扩张,余16例扩张成功,成功率88.9%.扩张后即刻导管测右心室与肺动脉收缩期压差自(87±24)mm Hg降至(30±19)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa,P<0.01),扩张过程中或扩张后均无并发症发生.随访6～32个月,16例肺动脉跨瓣压差进一步降低或不变,2例逐渐升高,行第2次扩张,再扩张率12.5%;三尖瓣反流随访过程中均减轻共至消失;除1例为中度肺动脉瓣反流外,其余均为轻度;临床均无症状,生长发育良好.结论 经皮肺动脉瓣球囊扩张成形术在重度和极重度肺动脉瓣狭窄小婴儿中应用安全,效果好,并发症少,患儿痛苦小,应作为该类患儿首选治疗方法.     

肺动脉瓣狭窄介入治疗的方法比较

目的探讨肺动脉瓣狭窄的介入治疗方法及临床疗效。方法 40例肺动脉瓣狭窄患者随机分为研究组和对照组,研究组采用Inoue球囊瓣膜成形术进行治疗,对照组采用单球囊肺动脉瓣成形术进行治疗。结果研究组右房压为（9.1±3.2）mmHg、右室压为（48.4±4.4）mmHg、肺动脉压为（21.9±2.8）mmHg、跨瓣压差为（22.4±3.1）mmHg,研究组显著优于对照组,P〈0.05。结论 Inoue球囊瓣膜成形术是一种安全有效的介入治疗方法,操作简单,成功率高,已成为治疗肺动脉瓣狭窄的首选。     

经皮球囊肺动脉瓣扩张术治疗肺动脉瓣狭窄

目的 :寻找治疗肺动脉瓣狭窄的有效方法。方法 :3例肺动脉瓣狭窄患者 ,经股静脉穿刺 ,心导管测量右心室和肺动脉压力及右心室造影后 ,插入一定外径的球囊导管 ,以 4atm的压力在3～ 5s内充盈球囊 ,扩张肺动脉瓣至球囊腰状征消失。结果 :经球囊扩张后 ,病人的右心室压和肺动脉跨瓣压差均下降至正常 ,右心室造影显示肺动脉瓣狭窄征象消失。无并发症发生。随访 2～ 1 0个月 ,疗效进一步提高。结论 :经皮球囊肺动脉瓣扩张术可以替代外科手术治疗肺动脉瓣狭窄 ,该方法简便、安全、有效、创伤小 ,易被病人接受。     

INONUE球囊经皮肺动脉瓣成形术治疗成人肺动脉瓣狭窄临床疗效分析

目的：探讨应用Inoue球囊经皮肺动脉瓣成形术（PBPV）治疗成人肺动脉瓣狭窄（PVS）的临床疗效.方法：成人PVS患者56例,采用PBPV进行治疗,并以超声多普勒评价其疗效.结果：56例行PBPV患者术后即刻右心室收缩压由（103.4±27.2）mmHg（1mmHg=0.133kPa）降至（49.5±17.6）mmHg（P〈0.01）,右房压由（17.2±5.5）mmHg降至（9.2±4.4）mmHg（P〈0.01）,肺动脉压由（14.8±3.2）mmHg升至（22.1±5.3）mmHg（P〈0.05）,肺动脉与右心室跨瓣压差（△P）由（78.2±26.1）mmHg降至（22.8±12.4）mmHg（P〈0.01）.多普勒超声随访：术后3mo△P较术后即刻进一步显著下降（P〈0.05）.结论：INONUE球囊PBPV治疗成人PVS安全有效.     

经皮球囊肺动脉瓣扩张术治疗肺动脉瓣狭窄

目的：寻找治疗肺动脉瓣狭窄的有效方法。方法：３例肺动脉瓣狭窄患者,经股静脉穿刺,心导管测量右心室和肺动脉压力及右心室造影后,插入一定外径的球囊导管,以４ａｔｍ的压力在３～５ｓ内充盈球囊,扩张肺动脉瓣至球囊腰状征消失。结果：经球囊扩张后,病人的右心室压和肺动脉跨瓣压差均下降到正常,右心室造影显示肺动脉瓣狭窄征象消失。无并发症发生。随访２～１０个月,疗效进一步提高。结论：地皮球囊肺动脉瓣扩张术可以夫代     

经皮球囊肺动脉瓣成形术治疗肺动脉瓣狭窄（附11例报告）

报道对11例肺动脉瓣狭窄患者施行经皮球囊肺动脉瓣成形术(PBPV)治疗的体会。11例患者经手术后,右室收缩压由术前75.5±49.7降至38.7±13.8mmHg(P<0.01);肺动脉收缩压由术前15.2±6.5升至21.0±5.0mmHg(P<0.01);肺动脉平均压由术前8.5±2.9升至9.8±3.6mmHg(P<0.05);肺动脉瓣跨瓣压差由术前60.1±16.9降至33.5±16.6mmHg(P<0.01)。在1年后随访,跨瓣压差与术后即刻测定值无显著差异。作者认为,PBPV应列为治疗单纯肺动脉瓣狭窄的首选方法。     

经皮球囊扩张成形术治疗肺动脉瓣狭窄

自1988年2月至7月,我们对8例先天性肺动脉瓣狭窄患者(1例用双球囊)施行了球囊扩张成形术。肺动脉瓣口由术前的平均8.4扩张至术后的16.4mm,右室至肺动脉收缩压阶差由112.4降至49.4mmHg,右室收缩感由127.8降至68.7mmHg,心排血指数由3.2增至5.1L/min/m~2。患者术后次日下床,4～5天出院,安全可靠,疗效甚佳。     

先天性肺动脉瓣狭窄介入治疗的护理

目的探讨先天性肺动脉瓣狭窄介入治疗的护理。方法采用球囊导管扩张术治疗肺动脉瓣狭窄（PS）43例。结果 43例患者41例获得成功,成功率96%。结论采用球囊导管扩张术治疗肺动脉瓣狭窄（PS）因其手术时间短、术后恢复快、住院时间短、无需开胸而受到患者的青睐     

经皮肺动脉瓣球囊成形术治疗重度肺动脉瓣狭窄的临床效果及介入操作策略

目的:评价经皮肺动脉瓣球囊成形术治疗重度肺动脉瓣狭窄的临床疗效并探讨其介入操作策略.方法:通过换用右冠造影管、变换指引导丝位置等介入操作方法完成用Balt球囊或二尖瓣球囊治疗24例重度肺动脉瓣狭窄患者.结果:24例手术获得成功,术中经端孔导管测肺动脉瓣跨瓣压差由(13.70±2.30) kPa降至(5.23±2.85) kPa,跨瓣压差下降61%(P<0.01),无任何严重并发症发生.结论:经皮肺动脉瓣球囊成形术是重度肺动脉瓣狭窄安全、有效首选治疗方法.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.