先天性鼻窦道的诊断和整形修复

目的：提出先天性鼻窦道的概念，并探讨先天性鼻窦道的诊断标准和手术修复方法.方法：自1993年以来笔者对11例特殊的先天性鼻畸形从发病原因、畸形特点、CT扫描、组织病理、术前设计、手术方法进行了研究，采用鼻唇沟皮瓣移植、窦道切除、鼻腔内中鼻道再造重建筛窦开口、鼻背浅表肌肉腱膜瓣移植等综合手术方法一期整形修复.结果：11例术后均双侧对称，鼻窦炎症状消失，外形满意.结论：应用鼻唇沟皮瓣移植、窦道切除、鼻腔内中鼻道再造重建筛窦开口、鼻背表浅肌肉腱膜瓣移植等综合手术方法，一期整形修复先天性鼻窦道，是一种安全有效的方法。     

鼻表浅肌肉腱膜瓣在特殊鼻畸形整复中的应用

目的:探索特殊鼻畸形的有效整形修复方法.方法:对34例鼻畸形,其中先天性鼻窦道13例,先天性鼻眶裂2例,先天性鼻裂7例,双侧唇裂继发鼻畸形12例,应用鼻表浅肌肉腱膜瓣修复.结果:本组病例术后双侧鼻翼及双侧鼻孔均对称,鼻表情运动和鼻孔舒缩功能恢复.平均随访9个月,均效果满意.结论:应用鼻表浅肌肉腱膜瓣修复特殊鼻畸形是一种安全有效的方法.     

鼻翼软骨环状结构重建在先天性鼻畸形矫正术中的应用

目的：探讨符合解剖特点的先天性鼻畸形的有效整复方法。方法：对62例先天性鼻畸形患者根据畸形特点，采用鼻翼软骨支架重塑修复鼻翼软骨纤维环，鼻肌移位固定重建鼻翼软骨肌肉环，并辅以鼻小柱延长和鼻表浅肌肉腱膜瓣修整术整复。结果：本组病例术后双侧鼻翼及双侧鼻孔均对称，鼻小柱居中，随访6～24个月，疗效均满意。结论：鼻翼软骨环状结构发育不良或断裂是形成先天性鼻畸形的重要解剖学基础，重建鼻翼软骨环状结构是确保手术疗效的关键。     

鼻部皮肤小肿瘤切除后的缺损修复

目的 回顾和总结鼻部小面积皮肤肿瘤切除后,创面的修复原则和术式选择.方法 选择直径≤2.0 cm,鼻下部1/3皮肤良恶性肿瘤切除后致鼻部组织缺损的73例患者.根据缺损部位、范围、类型和患者的要求,应用局部双叶皮瓣修复鼻尖、鼻翼和鼻侧壁皮肤软组织缺损(n=31);鼻唇沟皮瓣修复鼻翼外侧全层缺损(n=8);鼻唇沟皮下蒂皮瓣修复鼻翼皮肤软组织缺损(n=12);耳郭复合组织瓣游离移植修复鼻翼缘全层缺损(n=22).结果 71例患者手术获得完全成功,对修复术后效果满意.1例鼻唇沟皮瓣远端折叠部分皮肤浅层坏死,换药后愈合,鼻翼、鼻孔轻度变形.1例耳郭复合组织瓣游离移植再造鼻翼术后因感染而失败.结论 应用局部双叶皮瓣、鼻唇沟皮瓣、皮下蒂皮瓣或耳郭复合组织游离移植修复鼻部直径≤2.0 cm的皮肤肿瘤切除后的创面,可获得Ⅰ期修复的满意效果.     

颅面严重缺损畸形的种植赝复体修复

颅面严重缺损畸形多为颅面中部的复合组织缺损．由于常伴有邻近眼、鼻等器官的缺失，形态多样，结构复杂．目前仍是整形外科修复重建治疗中的难题，尚缺少良好的修复方法，长期以来这类缺损畸形的整形是采用局部(额肌瓣)或游离皮瓣附加骨、软骨等移植进行再造。但也有一些因瘢痕广泛．缺乏骨、软骨结构支撑而无组织移植再造条件．或不愿     

单侧唇裂术后继发严重鼻畸形六步序列修复法

目的:探讨单侧唇裂术后继发严重鼻畸形的序列手术矫治方法。方法:对23例单侧唇裂术后继发严重鼻畸形的患者采用六步序列修复法:(1)患侧鼻翼基底肋软骨移植,恢复双侧鼻翼基底对称高度;(2)重建鼻嵴矫正鼻中隔偏曲,恢复鼻头中心支撑结构;(3)鼻唇肌复位,重建患侧鼻孔基底及人中,矫正鼻小柱偏斜;(4)患侧鼻翼软骨黏膜瓣V-Y延长,松解黏膜对鼻翼软骨的牵拉;(5)鼻翼软骨支架重建,恢复鼻翼软骨双侧对称性;(6)患侧鼻头软三角皮肤部分切除及健侧鼻翼缩小,进一步恢复鼻孔对称性。结果:术后23例患者随访3~12个月,患侧鼻头、鼻翼、鼻孔基底塌陷矫正,鼻小柱居中,双侧鼻孔接近对称,患者满意。结论:矫正单侧唇裂继发严重鼻畸形要按照由鼻底到鼻尖,先恢复骨性支撑平衡,再调整软组织张力平衡的顺序进行,六步序列修复法可以获得良好的矫治效果。     

自体肋软骨移植治疗单侧唇裂修复术后鼻畸形

目的应用自体肋软骨植入对先天性单侧唇裂修复术后鼻畸形进行修复重建,以获得较完美的鼻部形态。方法2006年7月-2007年12月,收治25例先天性唇裂修复术后单侧鼻畸形患者。男18例,女7例;年龄12～23岁,平均18.4岁。鼻小柱过短及偏向健侧、鼻尖扁平、鼻孔不对称及鼻翼塌陷。术中根据鼻畸形取自体肋软骨雕刻成形后,植入患侧鼻部或鼻翼外侧脚基底部,固定后将患侧鼻翼软骨和软组织复位至正常解剖位置。结果患者术后切口愈合良好,供软骨区无并发症发生。鼻外形满意,鼻尖高度及形态、双鼻孔大小基本对称,鼻小柱延长,鼻尖扁平及鼻翼塌陷恢复满意,鼻唇角接近正常。25例均获随访,随访时间2个月～1年,患者无移植软骨排出,外形良好。结论应用自体肋软骨移植治疗唇裂修复术后鼻畸形是一种较理想的治疗方式。     

肋软骨移植联合鼻软骨黏膜瓣法修复单侧唇裂术后鼻畸形

目的 探讨肋软骨移植联合鼻软骨黏膜瓣法修复单侧唇裂术后鼻畸形的方法及疗效.方法 首先将患侧鼻翼基底彻底松解后植入肋软骨,以抬高患侧鼻翼,再将患侧塌陷的鼻翼组织做彻底解剖,于鼻前庭衬里处设计软骨黏膜瓣,抬高鼻翼.鼻中隔充分游离显露后植入肋软骨,以支撑患侧鼻翼同时加强鼻小柱对鼻尖部位的支撑作用.结果 本组共42例患者,随访3～12个月,术后鼻部畸形均有不同程度地改善,患者均较满意.结论 采用肋软骨移植联合鼻软骨黏膜瓣法修复单侧唇裂术后鼻畸形,具有以下优点:可切取的肋软骨量充足,即可以抬高患侧凹陷的鼻翼基底,又可以支撑患侧鼻翼及鼻头,必要时还可以抬高鼻背;肋软骨移植为自体组织移植,无排异,感染率低;对鼻部畸形的鼻翼软骨重新解剖,并利用皮瓣原理复位,有效地矫正了鼻畸形.因此,肋软骨移植联合鼻软骨黏膜瓣法是修复单侧唇裂术后鼻畸形的理想方法.     

鼻翼软骨环状结构的研究及其在单侧唇裂鼻畸形矫正术中的应用

目的探索单侧唇裂鼻畸形的发生机理和寻找行之有效的手术方法。方法解剖20具成人尸体、1具单侧唇裂胎儿标本和24例临床患者的术中观察,进行对比研究。结果发现外鼻下端存在鼻翼软骨纤维环和鼻翼软骨肌肉环两个维持鼻孔与鼻下部形态的重要解剖结构。而单侧唇裂患者裂侧的这两个环状结构在裂隙处断裂或不全。据此,笔者设计了对裂侧鼻翼软骨环状结构重建的手术修复方法。结论鼻翼软骨纤维环和鼻翼软骨肌肉环是维持外鼻下端形态和鼻孔对称的重要解剖结构。此环状结构的破坏是导致外鼻形态畸形的重要因素之一。在单侧唇裂鼻畸形矫正手术中,重建完善的鼻翼软骨环状结构对形态改善具有重要的临床意义。     

鼻翼软骨环状结构的研究及其在单侧唇裂鼻畸形矫正术中的应用

目的探索单侧唇裂鼻畸形的发生机理和寻找行之有效的手术方法。方法解剖２０具成人尸体、１具单侧唇裂胎儿标本和２４例临床患者的术中观察,进行对比研究。结果发现外鼻下端存在鼻翼软骨纤维环和鼻翼软骨肌肉环两个维持鼻孔与鼻下部形态的重要解剖结构。而单侧唇裂患者裂侧的这两个环状结构在裂隙处断裂或不全。据此,笔者设计了对裂侧鼻翼软骨环状结构重建的手术修复方法。结论鼻翼软骨纤维环和鼻翼软骨肌肉环是维持外鼻下端形态和鼻孔对称的重要解剖结构。此环状结构的破坏是导致外鼻形态畸形的重要因素之一。在单侧唇裂鼻畸形矫正手术中,重建完善的鼻翼软骨环状结构对形态改善具有重要的临床意义。     

Simultaneous and symmetrical reconstruction of heminose and restoration of nasal airway in congenital absence of heminose.

Congenital absence of heminose is an extremely rare anomaly. Reconstruction of full thickness defects of the nose requires lining, support and cover. Reconstruction of congenital absence of heminose has an additional requirement of reconstruction of the nasal airway. Simultaneous reconstruction of the heminose and internal nasal passage has not been reported earlier. In a case of congenital absence of heminose, reconstruction of the heminose and internal nasal passage was done simultaneously by using expanded forehead tissue and a nasolabial flap. The nasolabial flap is robust and supports the alar margin without any need of cartilage support. The bulk of subcutaneous tissue it carries lies on the outerside of nostril and, therefore, it does not obstruct the nasal opening. This was covered by expanded forehead tissue, which got thinned out due to tissue expansion, thus achieving symmetry with other half of nose. Skin of the nasolabial flap lines nasal passage thereby avoiding the need of splintage of nasal airway which is required if nostril is lined by split skin graft.     

无鼻翼切口的Mulliken法修复双侧完全性唇裂唇鼻畸形

目的:探讨无鼻翼切口的Mul l i ken术式修复双侧完全性唇裂唇鼻畸形术后美容效果。方法:应用原长法的原则进行唇裂整复,术中恢复口轮匝肌的连续性,并行牙龈沟的再造及鼻底的封闭,利用侧唇的粘膜肌肉瓣修复唇珠,通过裂缘和前唇切口将大翼软骨、侧鼻软骨与粘膜和鼻翼皮肤潜行剥离,贯穿缝合上提并固定大翼软骨内侧脚,贯穿缝合将一侧大翼软骨外侧脚悬吊固定至对侧鼻软骨,同期初步矫正鼻畸形。结果:36例患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合,随访3个月～1年,前颌骨均有不同程度的回缩,人中明显,唇珠丰满,红唇缘整齐,鼻小柱得以延长,鼻翼塌陷得以纠正,鼻畸形有一定程度的改善。结论:采用无鼻翼切口的Mul l i ken法修复双侧完全性唇裂同期矫正鼻畸形,可获得良好的唇鼻部效果。     

四种局部穿支皮瓣在鼻翼缺损修复中的应用

目的探讨4种局部穿支皮瓣修复鼻翼缺损的应用方法及临床效果。方法回顾性分析2015年6月至2018年6月安徽医科大学第一附属医院收治的41例各种原因导致的鼻翼缺损患者的临床资料,其中男22例,女19例,年龄15~93岁,平均45岁。鼻翼处缺损处面积为0.4 cm×0.4 cm^2.5 cm×2.5 cm,分别采用鼻唇沟角形穿支皮瓣(20例)、鼻翼基底穿支鼻唇沟岛状皮瓣(6例)、唇上-鼻唇沟角形穿支岛状皮瓣(5例)或鼻外侧动脉角形穿支皮瓣(10例)进行修复。术后对患者进行随访,观察鼻翼形态和鼻部功能,以及癌肿病例复发情况。结果41例皮瓣全部成活,皮瓣切取范围为0.5 cm×1.5 cm^4.0 cm×4.0 cm,鼻翼缺损完全修复,伤口均为一期愈合。术后所有病例均进行了4个月至1年的随访,术后鼻翼形态较好,鼻部功能未受影响,癌肿病例未见复发。结论鼻翼缺损面积较大时选用鼻唇沟角形穿支皮瓣,面部皮肤张力较大时采用鼻翼基底穿支鼻唇沟岛状皮瓣经皮下隧道修复,缺损邻近鼻唇沟处时宜用唇上-鼻唇沟角形穿支皮瓣,缺损面积较小时采用鼻外侧动脉角形穿支皮瓣修复。根据情况合理地选择皮瓣,均可获得较好的美学效果。     

One-Stage Reconstruction of an Alar Defect Using a Bilobed Nasolabial–Nasal Tip Flap Based on the Aesthetic Subunits in Orientals: Case Report

The ala of the nose is difficult to repair for a variety of reasons, including the special texture of the skin, its shape, and the free margin. A method is reported for the one-stage reconstruction of a lateral nasal defect, including a full-thickness defect of the ala, using a bilobed flap composed of nasolabial and nasal tip skin. The flap was designed according to the aesthetic subunits principle, as modified for Orientals by Yotsuyanagi and colleagues in 2000. Satisfactory alar reconstruction was achieved, and good aesthetic and functional results were obtained. This flap is useful for restoring an alar defect.     

Single-stage reconstruction of alar defect of the nose by subcutaneous island nasolabial and remnant alar flap

A single-stage technique for reconstruction of the medial nasal ala with a nasolabial flap and an inferiorly based remnant alar flap is presented in this article. The technique has been used in four cases. All the flaps healed uneventfully with aesthetically pleasing results using the one-stage technique. The subcutaneous nasolabial island flap and alar remnant flap have become the method of choice in the author’s clinic for partial medial nasal ala reconstruction. It allows one-stage reconstruction with very similar tissue and a concealed scar in the natural groove. The remnant ala as an inferiorly based flap has been used by the author to cover the subcutaneous pedicle of the nasolabial flap to provide better shape to the alar base without its lateral drift during healing. Level of Evidence: Level V, therapeutic study.     

Reconstruction of the alae nasi by folded nasolabial flap

Reconstruction of the nose is very old surgical procedure and, in fact, represents the beginnings of plastic surgery. In reconstruction, an effort has to be made in order to achieve a normal look. A surgeon must choose carefully the method of reconstruction, taking into consideration the skin color, texture and nasal topography. Full-thickness nasal defects in alar region are very difficult for reconstruction due to anatomic characteristics and structures, which are very important for normal breathing and cosmetic result. Our study analyzed 16 patients with full-thickness defect of alae nasi. Folded nasolabial flaps were used for reconstruction of these defects. Good results were achieved in all cases. The flap was vital. No flap necrosis was reported in any of these patients. The lining of the nose was good. Postoperatively, the alar edge was thickened, but it became thinned after six months. The incision in donor's region was well placed in the natural line of nasolabial fold. It was concluded that folded nasolabial flap was extremely good one-step procedure for reconstruction of full-thickness defects of alar region.     

The Use of a Combined Local Flap for Reconstructing a Complex Nasal Defect

The main goals of reconstruction of nasal defects are to restore the topographic subunit outline, thereby maintaining the aesthetic three-dimensional facial contours and more importantly ensuring a patent airway. Wide excision of tumours of the external nose can at times result in complex defects causing significant facial disfigurement and this poses a significant reconstructive challenge. Nasal reconstruction with only micro-vascular free flaps can at times produce poor aesthetic outcomes as distant skin often appears as a mismatched patch within the surrounding normal facial skin. We describe a novel technique for external nose reconstruction using a combination two well described local flaps, superiorly based nasolabial flap alongside a paramedian forehead flap.     

Reconstruction of short nose deformity using nasolabial flaps pedicled on the infraorbital vessels.

Bilateral nasolabial flaps pedicled on the infraorbital vessels, and costal cartilage grafts were used to reconstruct a severe nasal deformity caused by Wegener's granuloma. We believe this flap is another useful method for nasal reconstruction, when nasolabial flaps pedicled on the angular vessels cannot be used.