血清降钙素原、c反应蛋白、白细胞计数对细菌性感染的诊断价值研究

目的探讨血清降钙素原、C反应蛋白、白细胞计数对细菌性感染的诊断价值,为在细菌性感染的诊断、鉴别诊断及指导临床应用抗生素提供指导依据。方法本研究共收集2008年2月～2012年5月期间我院收治的46例细菌性感染性疾病。48例非细菌感染性疾病及40名健康体检者作为本组研究对象,分别检测各组的血清降钙素原、C反应蛋白、白细胞计数水平及比较各组的阳性率。结果细菌性感染组PCT、CRP、WBC计数均明显高于非细菌性感染组、健康对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。细菌性感染组PCT阳性率达95．7％,明显高于非细菌性感染组PCT阳性率（12．5％）,差异有极其显著性（P〈0．01）。细菌性感染组CRP阳性率达100．0％,高于非细菌性感染组PCT阳性率（87．5％）,但差异并不存在显著性（P〉0．05）。细菌性感染组WBC阳性率达93．5％,明显高于非细菌性感染组WBC阳性率（4．2％）,差异有极其显著性（P〈0．01）。结论细菌性感染患者的血清降钙素原、C反应蛋白、白细胞计数均明显高于非细菌感染性疾病患者,对细菌性感染患者进行血清降钙素原、C反应蛋白、白细胞计数检测,可以为临床进行早期准确诊断,尽早进行有效合理治疗,取得良好的预后提供有利的参考依据。     

老年重症肺炎患者血清降钙素原检测的临床价值

目的：探讨老年重症肺炎患者血清降钙素原检测的临床价值。方法：收集40例重症肺部感染患者（重症组）、40例非重症肺部感染患者（非重症组）、40例体检健康者（健康组）,分别测定各组血清降钙素原、超敏 C 反应蛋白、白细胞计数及体温,并进行比较分析。结果：重症组的血清降钙素原浓度（5.69±7.38）ng/ mL 与非重症组（0.76±0.65）ng/ mL 及健康组（0.13±0.12）ng/ mL 比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;而重症组的超敏 C 反应蛋白、白细胞计数及体温与非重症组比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：血清降钙素原与老年肺部感染的严重程度密切相关,血清降钙素原可作为判断病情的指标。血清降钙素原可较好地预测老年重症肺炎患者的预后。     

血降钙素原测定对重症脓毒症患者急性肾损伤的预测价值

目的评估血降钙素原对重症脓毒症患者急性肾损伤发生的预测价值。方法收集笔者医院重症医学科的重症脓毒症患者137例,根据住院期间是否发生急性肾损伤分为急性。肾损伤组（63例）和非急性。肾损伤组（74例）,比较两组患者血常规、肾功能、降钙素原、C反应蛋白;根据AKIN推荐的急性肾损伤分期将急性肾损伤组患者分成3组,比较组间降钙素原及C反应蛋白水平;采用受试者工作曲线（ROC）评估降钙素原对重症脓毒症患者急性。肾损伤的预测价值。结果两组患者间血常规、肾功能及C反应蛋白比较无统计学差异（P〉0．05）,重症脓毒症合并急性肾损伤组血降钙素原水平较不合并急性肾损伤组明显升高（P〈0．05）;血降钙素原水平与急性肾损伤的分期呈正相关（P〈0．05）,而C反应蛋白则与急性肾损伤的分期无显著相关性（P〉0．05）;ROC曲线分析得出PCT〉12．48ng／ml,对于预测重症脓毒症患者急性肾损伤发生的敏感度84．7％,特异性90．4％,曲线下面积为0．911。结论血降钙素原可作为重症脓毒症患者急性。肾损伤发生的早期预警指标,在重症脓毒症合并急性肾损伤患者,血降钙素原水平与急性肾损伤的严重程度正相关。     

白细胞介素6、C反应蛋白和降钙素原等感染指标在链球菌感染暴发中的早期诊断价值

目的 明确白细胞介素6（interleukin-6,IL-6）、C反应蛋白、降钙素原等在链球菌暴发感染早期诊断中的价值.方法 收集2010年10月某单位员工集体宿舍暴发链球菌感染所有患者就诊时及治疗后两次IL-6、血白细胞计数、血中性粒细胞百分数、C反应蛋白、降钙素原等数值,比较患者就诊时和治疗2d后的IL-6、血白细胞计数、血中性粒细胞百分数、C反应蛋白、降钙素原变化,分析炎性因子变化的意义及原因.结果 白细胞、中性粒细胞百分比、IL-6水平就诊时升高明显,治疗2d后白细胞、中性粒细胞百分比、IL-6均明显低于就诊时,分别为（6.5±1.9）×10^9 vs （11.6±3.2）×10^9、（61％±8％）vs（79％±10％）、25.1（16.9,39.2） ng/Lvs1.5（1.5,1.5） ng/L,P=0.000;C反应蛋白水平高于就诊时[0.7（0.3,1.6） mg/Lvs2.7（0.9,4.7） mg/L,P=0.000];降钙素原阳性率治疗前后差异无统计学意义（P=0.317）.结论 IL-6在细菌感染早期反应迅速,与白细胞、中性粒细胞百分比升高趋势一致,C反应蛋白升高相对滞后,降钙素原在急性局部细菌感染时无明显升高;IL-6、白细胞、中性粒细胞百分比为此次溶血性链球菌感染的早期诊断提供了依据.     

降钙素原对重症脑梗死合并肺部感染的早期诊断价值

[目的]探讨降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)对重症脑梗死合并肺部感染的早期诊断价值.[方法]30例急性脑梗死患者因意识障碍或合并重要脏器功能衰竭入住监护病房,根据临床表现分为合并肺部感染组和非感染组.所有患者入院当时、入院后第3天和第7天分别抽血检测PCT、C反应蛋白(C reaction protein,CRP)和白细胞(white blood cell,WBC)计数水平,同时行痰培养、胸片等检查,采用ApacheⅡ评估患者病情程度.随访28 d判断预后.[结果]PCT在肺部感染组尤其痰培养阳性患者升高明显,浓度高于0.5 ng/ml,诊断脑梗死合并肺部感染的敏感性为97％,特异性为91.7％,其阳性预测值达到82.1％,均高于CRP和WBC.ApacheⅡ评分高于20则PCT明显增高,CRP呈现增高趋势,但各组间无统计学差异.PCT的浓度与预后有关,死亡组明显高于存活组.[结论]PCT可以作为判断脑梗死合并肺部感染的的早期指标,而且可以反映病情程度.     

检测降钙素原、C反应蛋白和白细胞计数对细菌性感染患者的诊断价值

目的：探讨检测降钙素原、C反应蛋白和白细胞计数在诊断细菌性感染患者中的价值。方法：选取确诊为细菌性感染性疾病的患者56例,非细菌性感染的患者56例,分别分为细菌组和非细菌组,对2组患者进行血清降钙素原检测、C反应蛋白检测、白细胞计数水平检测,并对各组的阳性率进行比较。结果：细菌组在3种方法检测结果数值均高于非细菌组,差异显著性（ P＜0．05）;细菌组的血清降钙素原阳性率为96．43％,非细菌组则为10．71％,2组差异显著性（ P＜0．05）;C反应蛋白无显著性差异（ P＞0．05）无统计学意义;细菌组的白细胞计数阳性率为94．64％,非细菌组则为3．57％,2组数据具有显著性差异具有统计学意义（P＜0．01）。结论：在诊断细菌性感染患者时采取检测降钙素原、C反应蛋白和白细胞计数的方法可及早的对疾病做出诊断,从而能够及时的采取治疗方法。     

降钙素原用于结肠梗阻患者术后脓毒症早期诊断的研究

目的：探讨降钙素原用于结肠梗阻患者术后脓毒症早期诊断的价值。方法选择68例结肠梗阻术后患者,记录患者术后24 h血清降钙素原（PCT）、C-反应蛋白（CRP）、白细胞计数（WBC）、血沉（ESR）、中性粒细胞比率（N）、血小板（PLT）及最高体温（T）,术后第7d根据脓毒症诊断标准将患者分成脓毒症组、非感染性全身炎症反应综合征组（非感染性SIRS组）比较两组患者术后24h各项临床指标差异。结果脓毒症组患者术后24 h的PCT显著高于非感染性SIRS组（P＜0．05）,其PCT的ROC曲线下面积（AUC）显著大于CRP、WBC、N和ESR（P＜0．05）。结论降钙素原对肠梗阻患者术后脓毒症的发生具有早期诊断价值,其敏感性和特异性高于其他的炎性指标。     

联合肝素结合蛋白和降钙素原诊断脓毒症及分级的临床应用价值

目的探讨肝素结合蛋白（HBP）、降钙素原（PCT）、C反应蛋白（CRP）、WBC在脓毒症诊断及分级中的临床应用价值。方法选取脓毒症患者22例、重症脓毒症患者25例、脓毒症休克患者20例、局部感染患者21例以及健康体检者29例,测定各组患者血清HBP、PCT、CRP及全血WBC水平,并对部分病例进行HBP与PCT的跟综监测。结果（1）脓毒症组HBP、PCT、CRP水平明显高于局部感染和健康对照组,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）;脓毒症、重症脓毒症、脓毒性休克组中PCT水平分别为2.3（0.6～5.1）、6.2（2.8～16.1）、15.3（4.4～49.0）ng/ml,各组间差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;脓毒症组HBP为283.1（168.9～397.6）ng/ml,高于脓毒性休克组的111.6（62.6～250.5）ng/ml（P＜0.05）。CRP在脓毒症分级中无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。（2）跟综监测显示,在脓毒症的进展过程中,PCT水平进行性升高,而HBP水平却下降。（3）HBP与PCT联合诊断脓毒症的效能高于单一指标的应用。结论在HBP、PCT是脓毒症诊断的有效标志物,HBP和PCT联合检测有助于脓毒症的诊断,PCT进行性升高而HBP下降提示疾病预后不良。     

降钙素原对危重症患者呼吸机相关性肺炎早期诊断与预后判断的价值

目的探讨降钙素原（PCT）对危重症患者呼吸机相关性肺炎（VAP）早期诊断与预后判断的价值。方法疑似危重症VAP患者82例,检测其白细胞计数、C-反应蛋白及PCT水平。根据确诊结果将82例患者分为确诊组42例与非确诊组40例,其中确诊组患者常规治疗5 d后再检测PCT,并进行临床肺部感染评分（CPIS）,根据CPIS分为良好组22例与恶化组20例。对比确诊组与非确诊组、良好组与恶化组间PCT、C-反应蛋白水平及白细胞计数等相关指标。结果确诊组患者血清PCT、C-反应蛋白及白细胞计数水平均明显高于非确诊组（P〈0.05）。良好组患者血清PCT、C-反应蛋白水平、白细胞计数与CPIS分值均明显低于恶化组（P〈0.05）。结论 PCT对危重症VAP早期诊断有重要价值,动态监测PCT对于VAP预后判断有积极的意义。     

血清降钙素原水平对脓毒症预后的临床分析

目的：探讨脓毒症患者血清降钙素原（Procalcitonin,PCT）水平对脓毒症患者病情及预后判断的指导价值。方法选取脓毒症患者228例(男118例,女110例),据患者预后分为存活组（n=185）和死亡组（n=43）,比较各组PCT、WBC及C反应蛋白。根据入院PCT水平分为PCT<0.5（1组）、0.5≤PCT<2（2组）、2≤PCT<10（3组）和PCT≥10（4组）ng/mL 4组,比较各组临床资料。结果死亡组与存活组PCT比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;WBC与C反应蛋白比较,差异无统计学意义。病死率比较（1与4、2与4、3与4组）差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;PH、HCO 3-、乳酸、剩余碱、C反应蛋白及肌酐比较,差异有统计学意义（2与4组,P<0.05)。结论血清PCT是判断脓毒症患者预后的良好指标,在PCT≥10 ng/mL水平上对脓毒症患者病情严重程度的判断及预后有一定的指导意义。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.