单孔胸腔镜下胸交感神经链切断术治疗手-足汗症的临床分析

目的探讨单孔胸腔镜下胸交感神经链切断术治疗手-足汗症的临床效果。方法收集2009年1月-2011年1月在单孔胸腔镜下行胸交感神经链切断术治疗手-足汗症30例,手足多汗合并腋下多汗行T2～4切断术22例(A组),未合并腋下多汗而行T2～3切断术8例(B组),并对两组病例进行临床分析。结果 30例单孔胸腔镜下手术均获成功,术后手汗及腋下多汗均消失,足底无汗者24例,足底多汗减少者5例,足底多汗增多者1例。两组病例术后足底多汗改变差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论单孔胸腔镜下胸交感神经链切断术治疗手-足汗症疗效满意,创伤更小,恢复快,患者易接受。胸交感神经链切断术后部分患者足底多汗可减轻或消失。切断T2～4与切断T2～3对足汗症的影响无差异。     

改良胸腔镜下胸交感神经链切断术治疗手汗症41例

目的探讨改良胸腔镜下胸交感神经链切断术治疗手汗症的可行性和有效性。方法 41例手汗症患者采用单腔气管插管全麻半坐位于电视胸腔镜监视下行T3或T3～4胸交感神经干切断术治疗手汗症。结果 41例手术均获成功。所有患者术后手汗症状均消失,合并腋窝与足底多汗者,症状亦明显缓解。全组平均手术时间(42±12)min,平均住院时间(2.5±1.6)d。术后无血胸、霍纳综合征等严重并发症发生。25例术后出现轻至中度代偿性多汗,但症状均于6个月内消失。术后随访1年,症状无复发。结论改良胸腔镜下胸交感神经链切断术治疗手汗症,安全可靠,术后并发症少。     

单操作孔胸腔镜下T3胸交感神经链切断术治疗手汗症42例

目的：分析单操作孔胸腔镜胸交感神经链切断术治疗手汗症的临床优势。方法将72例原发性手汗症患者分为单操作孔组42例及双操作孔组30例,均采用胸腔镜下双侧T3胸交感神经链切断术,从手汗缓解率、代偿性多汗发生率、切口大小、手术时间、术中切口活动性出血率、术后疼痛评分、住院时间及不良反应分析两组间的差异。结果两组手术均成功。两种术式的手汗缓解率及代偿性多汗发生率差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）;与双操作孔组比较,单操作孔组切口小,手术时间短,术中切口活动性出血率低,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）,而术后疼痛评分、住院时间及不良反应差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。结论与常规胸交感神经链切断术治疗手汗症相比,单操作孔胸腔镜下T3胸交感神经链切断术治疗手汗症效果相当,但创伤更小、时间更短、安全性更高,患者更容易接受。     

电视纵隔镜下治疗手汗症的体会

电视胸腔镜胸交感神经链切断或切除术已成为治疗手汗症最常用的方法。自2004年1月至2005年4月我们应用电视纵隔镜为278例手汗症病人施行了胸交感神经链切断术，取得了满意的效果。现报告如下。     

电视纵隔镜胸交感神经链切断术治疗手汗症的探讨

多汗症(Hyperhidrosis)可以出现在手掌,腋窝,足底,通常以手掌最常见。约有3％的年轻人患有手汗症,有高达12.5％的家族倾向。大多数手汗症患者自幼儿时期即出现症状,到青春期则逐渐加剧。手汗症的治疗长期以来为一棘手问题。虽曾有许多治疗方法,但常常无效。而胸交感神经干切断(切除)疗效确切。电视胸腔镜(VATS)的胸交感神经切除(切断)术治疗手汗症已有报道,但电视纵隔镜(VM)胸交感神经链切断术治疗手汗症尚未见报道。我院自2003年4月～2003年11月应用电视纵隔镜为118例手汗症患者进行胸交感神经链切断术,疗效满意。     

胸腔镜下胸交感神经链切除术治疗手汗症74例临床报道

目的 评价胸腔镜下胸交感神经链切除术治疗手汗症的疗效及并发症. 方法采用胸腔镜下胸交感神经链切除术治疗手汗症74例,其中T2～4切除术41例,T3切断术3例,T4切断术7例,T3～4切断术23例,均取90°侧卧位固定,一侧术毕,翻转体位,同期完成另一侧手术.结果 手术均获成功,所有患者术后即双手干燥、温暖红润.单侧手术时间5～30min,平均10min;术后住院时间为1～3d,平均2d.术中出血6例,均在腔镜下止血成功;2例术后1个月再发手掌多汗,虽较术前减轻,但随访1年无明显好转;1例患者手掌在冬季出现皲裂;1例患者术后右侧肩胛骨下缘胸壁疼痛;术后代偿性多汗35例(占随访病例73%),轻度21例,中度11例,重度3例.结论 胸腔镜下胸交感神经链切除术治疗手汗症效果满意,且手术难度不大,但应考虑到可能发生的并发症,尤其是代偿性多汗,故术前应重视对病例的选择及患者本人知情权.     

胸腔镜单体位双侧胸交感神经T_3/T_4切断术治疗手汗症

目的:总结胸腔镜单体位双侧胸交感神经T3/T4切断术治疗手汗症的应用与体会。方法:分析应用胸腔镜单体位双侧胸交感神经T3/T4切断术治疗手汗症50例的资料。结果:所有患者手术都成功,术后10 min内手温上升超过1℃,双手干燥红润,无血气胸、肺炎、心脏骤停等并发症,平均住院时间3 d,费用约9 800元。结论:胸腔镜单体位双侧胸交感神经T3/T4切断术能有效治疗手多汗,它的手术时间更短,靶向性更强,是一种治疗手汗症的安全、有效、经济的微创治疗手段。     

胸腔镜下胸交感神经链切断术治疗手汗症的临床应用

目的探讨胸腔镜下胸交感神经链切断术治疗手汗症的疗效及安全性。方法 2008年8月～2009年8月,对13例患者行胸腔镜下胸交感神经链切断术,术中监测双手温度变化,术后随访,评价手汗症的消失情况。结果 13例患者手术全部成功。术中监测胸交感神经链切断术前后手掌温度平均升高2.8℃。平均手术时间（42.3±8.6）min,术后2～5d出院。术后患者手掌多汗的症状均消失,4例腋汗及足汗消失,1例减轻,1例术后出现代偿性多汗。随访1～12个月,平均5.3个月,无1例多汗复发。结论胸腔镜下胸交感神经链切断术是治疗手汗症的一种安全有效的手段。     

胸腔镜下胸交感神经干切断术治疗原发性手汗症临床分析

目的探讨胸腔镜下T2～T4或T3～T4胸交感神经干切断术治疗原发性手汗症的疗效。方法回顾性分析104例在胸腔镜下行胸交感神经干切断术治疗的原发性手汗症患者的临床资料,其中行T2～T4胸交感神经干切断术75例,T3～T4胸交感神经干切断术29例。结果 104例患者手术有效率为100%,术后手汗过多均消失,手掌温暖干燥,腋窝汗明显减少。T3～T4胸交感神经干切断术患者代偿性多汗发生率（13.8%,4/29）明显低于T2～T4胸交感神经干切断术患者（36.0%,27/75）。结论 胸腔镜下胸交感神经干切断术治疗原发性手汗症具有创伤小、恢复快及疗效确切的优点,其中T3～T4胸交感神经干切断术是较好的手术方式。     

使用切口保护套单孔法胸腔镜治疗原发性手汗症的临床研究

目的 探讨使用切口保护套单孔法胸腔镜治疗原发性手汗症的可行性和安全性.方法 使用切口保护套完成单孔法胸腔镜下行胸交感神经链切断术治疗手汗症患者30例,术中准确定位T3或T4交感神经节位置,在同一孔中伸入胸腔镜和电凝钩,在第3或第4肋骨表面将交感神经链电灼切断,并沿该肋骨表面向外侧延伸2～3 cm以切断可能存在的旁路上传神经纤维,分别于交感神经链切断前后记录掌温变化情况.结果 30例均在胸腔镜下完成单孔手术,未出现术后出血、切口感染、血气胸、心动过缓以及霍纳氏综合征等并发症.全组患者一侧手术时间5～12 min,平均7 min,住院时间2～3 d,平均2.5 d.全组随访1～10个月,平均3.5个月,切口处未见明显瘢痕,无1例复发及严重代偿性多汗,轻度代偿性多汗2例占6.7%（2/30）,所有患者均十分满意手术疗效和美容效果.结论 使用切口保护套单孔法胸腔镜治疗原发性手汗症具有微创、安全简便、定位准确、疗效确切、切口隐蔽美观、符合美学要求等优点.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.