高通量滤器干预对维持性血液透析患者钙、磷、甲状旁腺的代谢调节作用

目的:探讨高通量滤器干预对维持性血液透析患者血清钙、磷以及甲状旁腺素水平的影响。方法:48例维持性血液透析患者改用高通量滤器透析治疗3个月为高通量组,另48例采用低通量滤器干预维持血液透析患者作为低通量组。比较2组血清钙、磷、全段甲状旁腺素(i PTH)水平的差异。结果:与低通量组比较,高通量组患者血钙水平显著升高,血磷、甲状旁腺素水平明显降低(均P0.05),高通量组血清钙2.10~2.50 mmol/L、血清磷0.81~1.45 mmol/L、i PTH 130~600 ng/L达标控制率显著高于低通量组(P0.05)。结论:高通量滤器透析能够有效改善尿毒症维持性血液透析患者钙、磷、甲状旁腺代谢紊乱,值得在临床中推广应用。     

高通量聚砜膜透析器F60对尿毒症晚期患者的治疗效果分析

目的:探讨高通量聚砜膜透析器F60对尿毒症晚期患者疗效及Krüppel样因子2(KLF2) mRNA表达的影响。方法:回顾性选择2015年5月至2018年6月宝鸡市中心医院血液净化中心行维持血液透析的尿毒症晚期患者100例,将其分为2组:实验组采用高通量聚砜膜透析器F60,对照组采用聚砜膜透析器F6,每组50例。测定2组患者透析前、后糖基化终末产物(AGEs)、血清各溶质浓度、KLF2的mRNA表达情况以及腹膜间皮细胞衰老情况。结果:实验组患者透析后AGEs、血清各溶质浓度及腹膜间皮细胞衰老率显著降低,而腹膜组织KLF2的mRNA表达显著增加,且实验组高于对照组(P均0. 05)。KLF2的mRNA表达量与腹膜间皮细胞衰老呈负相关(r=-0. 789,P=0. 021)。结论:尿毒症晚期患者采用高通量聚砜膜透析器F60较聚砜膜透析器F6的透析效果更佳,可能与其可提高KLF2的mRNA表达,降低腹膜间皮细胞衰老有关。     

高通量血液透析与血液透析滤过在尿毒症患者中的应用效果比较

目的比较高通量血液透析与血液透析滤过在尿毒症患者中的应用效果。方法回顾性分析2013-02~2014-08期间接受治疗的48例尿毒症患者的临床资料。随机分为观察组和对照组各24例。观察组采用高通量血液透析治疗,对照组采用常规血液透析治疗,治疗周期为80 d。检测所有患者治疗前后肌酐、血清瘦素和尿素氮指标,并与同期20名健康人的血清瘦素进行对比。结果治疗前,对照组与观察组血肌酐、血清瘦素和尿素氮差异无统计学意义。治疗后,观察组的肌酐、血清瘦素和尿素氮指标明显下降(P0.05);对照组只有肌酐和尿素氮指标显著降低(P0.05)。结论尿毒症患者的血清瘦素指标明显高于普通健康人群。高通量血液透析治疗可以有效降低患者体内的血清瘦素、血肌酐和尿素氮水平,能达到血液透析滤过的效果,值得临床推广。     

不同血液净化方式对维持性血液透析患者残余肾功能的影响

目的探讨不同血液净化方式对维持性血液透析(MHD)患者残余肾功能(RRF)的影响。方法选择2012年1月至2014年1月该院行MHD治疗的尿毒症患者80例,根据随机数字表法分为高通量组及低通量组,各40例。高通量组采取高通量血液透析器治疗,低通量组采取低通量血液透析器治疗,观察2组治疗前及治疗后6个月RRF、甘油三酯(TG)、胆固醇、血磷水平。结果 2组治疗前RRF对比无明显差异(P0.05);治疗6个月后,高通量组RRF水平显著高于低通量组(P0.05)。2组治疗前TG、胆固醇、血磷水平对比无明显差异(P0.05);治疗6个月后,高通量组TG、胆固醇、血磷显著低于低通量组,且低于治疗前(P0.05)。结论高通量血液透析可以有效清除大分子毒素,降低血脂、血磷水平;相较于低通量血液透析,高通量血液透析对RRF的保护作用更佳。     

不同透析膜对维持性血液透析患者微炎症状态的影响

目的:探讨不同透析膜对维持性血液透析患者血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、白介素-6(IL-6)及肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)水平的影响。方法:选取维持性血液透析患者60例,随机分成铜仿膜(CUP)组、血仿膜(HE)组、聚砜膜(F6)组,各20例。另选取尿毒症非透析患者20例作为非透析组,20例健康体检者为正常对照组,监测透析前、后血炎症因子CRP、IL-6、TNF-α的水平。结果:非透析组及透析组透析前患者血CRP、IL-6、TNF-α水平均高于正常对照组(P0.01),CUP组透析后CRP、IL-6、TNF-α水平较透析前明显上升(P0.05或P0.01),HE组及F6组透析后CRP、IL-6、TNF-α水平与透析前比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:尿毒症患者体内存在微炎症状态,血液透析会进一步加重炎症反应,与透析膜的生物相容性直接有关。     

四种血液透析对维持性血液透析患者肾性骨病相关因素血钙、血磷、甲状旁腺激素等的临床研究

目的探讨普通血液透析、血液透析滤过、血液滤过、高通量血液透析对维持性血液透析患者肾性骨病相关因素血钙、血磷、甲状旁腺激素等的影响。方法选取2014年7月~2016年4月我院肾性骨病血液透析患者76例,根据透析方式不同分为A组(普通血液透析)、B组(血液透析滤过)、C组(血液滤过)、D组(高通量血液透析),各19例,比较各组透析前后血钙、血磷、甲状旁腺激素、血清白蛋白水平下降率及不良反应发生情况。结果透析后B、C、D组血钙、血磷、甲状旁腺激素水平下降率优于A组,C、D组血磷、甲状旁腺激素水平下降率优于B组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)各组间透析后不良反应发生情况对比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论高通量血液透析可有效改善维持性血液透析肾性骨病患者血钙、血磷、甲状旁腺激素水平。     

血液透析滤过对慢性肾功能衰竭患者血清瘦素水平的影响

目的探讨血液透析滤过对慢性肾功能衰竭患者血清瘦素的清除及血清瘦素水平与营养不良的关系。方法测定41例维持性血液透析患者透析前、后(血液透析组22例,血液透析滤过组19例)及35例对照组血清瘦素、尿素氮、肌酐、白蛋白、总胆固醇和血红蛋白水平,计算体重指数(BM I)。结果维持性血液透析患者透析前血清瘦素水平均较对照组明显增高。血液透析滤过组透析后血清瘦素水平较透析前明显降低。维持性血液透析患者的血清瘦素水平分别与BM I呈正相关,与血清白蛋白呈负相关。结论慢性肾功能衰竭患者存在高瘦素血症,血清瘦素水平升高与营养不良有相关性,血液透析滤过可清除血清瘦素。     

高通量滤器干预维持血液透析患者后血清钙、磷、甲状旁腺激素的变化分析

目的：探讨高通量滤器干预维持血液透析患者后钙、磷以及甲状旁腺的变化。方法：将48例维持血液透析患者改用高通量滤器透析治疗3个月,比较治疗前后钙、磷、甲状旁腺素(iPTH)水平。所有患者B 超检测甲状旁腺,并分为增生(A组)、非增生(B组)两组进行比较。结果：高通量滤器透析患者血钙显著升高,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),血磷、甲状旁腺素水平明显降低,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),A组效果比B组效果更为显著,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论：高通量滤器透析能够有效改善尿毒症维持血液透析患者钙、磷、甲状旁腺代谢紊乱,值得在临床中推广应用。     

高通量血液透析对尿毒症患者瘦素清除效果的临床研究

目的探讨高通量血液透析对维持性血液透析尿毒症患者血清瘦素的清除效果。方法40例维持性血液透析患者,随机分成高通量血液透析组(n=20)和常规血液透析组(n=20),于透析前、透析结束时检测血清瘦素、尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Cr),进行统计学分析,并与10例健康人的血清瘦素对照。结果透析前,两组间血清瘦素、BUN和Cr差异无统计学意义;尿毒症患者的血清瘦素显著高于健康对照者(P<0.001)。与透析前比较,高通量透析组血清瘦素、BUN和Cr浓度显著降低(P<0.001);常规血液透析组只有血清BUN和Cr浓度显著降低(P<0.001),而血清瘦素差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。高通量透析组血清瘦素浓度下降与常规血液透析组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),但两组的血清BUN和Cr下降差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论尿毒症患者血清瘦素显著高于健康者,高通量血液透析能有效清除血清瘦素,同时对小分子物质的清除与常规血液透析具有同样的效果,常规血液透析对血清瘦素无清除作用。     

不同类型透析器对维持性血液透析患者营养状态及微炎症状态的影响

目的探讨不同类型血液透析器对维持性血液透析患者营养状态及微炎症状态的影响。方法将100例规律血液透析患者随机分成4组,低通量醋酸纤维素膜组(CA-LF),高通量醋酸纤维素膜组(CA-HF),低通量聚砜膜组(PS-LF),高通量聚砜膜组(PS-HF),分别测定各组治疗前和维持性血液透析治疗12个月后的血清白蛋白(Alb)、肌酐(Scr)及肱三头肌皮褶(TSF)、上臂中部肌肉周径(MAMC)、体质量指数(BMI)、血浆细胞因子〔白介素(IL)-6、IL-10、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)〕变化。结果治疗开始前,各组患者年龄及性别比例、血清白蛋白、血肌酐、IL-6、hsCRP及IL-10水平均无统计学差异。IL-10在PS-HF组及PS-LF组透析后与透析前比较上升,尤以PS-HF组上升明显,但各组透析后比较无统计学差异(P>0.05),ALB水平均上升,在CA-HF组和PS-HF组上升明显(P<0.05),尤以PS-HF组最为明显(P<0.01);血肌酐水平均明显下降,尤以PS-HF组最为明显(P<0.01);各组TSF、MAMC、BMI均较治疗前增加,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论维持性血液透析患者普遍存在微炎症状态,透析器的生物相容性与微炎症状态密切相关;与低通量透析相比,高通量透析能有效清除微炎症细胞因子,改善患者营养状况。     

A Retrospective Study on Erythropoiesis Stimulating Agent Dose Reducing Potential of an Anti‐Platelet Activation Membrane Dialyzer in Hemodialysis Patients

Our previous small‐scale trial demonstrated an erythropoiesis stimulating agent (ESA)‐sparing potential of the TORAYLIGHT NV (NV) dialyzer in hemodialysis patients with high interleukin‐6 levels. We now retrospectively explored this ESA‐sparing potential of the NV dialyzer in 122 and 129 prevalent dialysis patients who were on the NV and conventional polysulfone (PS) dialyzers, respectively, for 12 months. ESA resistance index (ERI) increased with the PS dialyzers whereas neither ERI nor ESA dose changed with the NV dialyzer. Analyses of baseline ERI or ESA dose‐based subgroups revealed a decrease in ERI and ESA dose with the NV dialyzer in patients with a baseline ERI ≥12 IU·dL/week·kg·g Hb (P < 0.05) and in those with a baseline ESA dose >6000 IU/week (P < 0.001), respectively. Neither ERI nor ESA dose improved in the corresponding subgroups on the PS dialyzers. These findings suggest that NV dialyzer can improve ESA responsiveness in hemodialysis patients with advanced ESA resistance.     

Accumulation of bisphenol A in hemodialysis patients

Bisphenol A [BPA, 2,2-bis(4-hydoxyphenyl)propane], an industrial chemical used in the production of polycarbonate, epoxide resin, and polyarylate, is considered to be an endocrine-disrupting chemical. BPA may be present in some hollow-fiber dialyzers used in hemodialysis. In this study, we tested the amounts of BPA eluted from various hollow fibers. Furthermore, we measured the BPA concentration in the sera of 22 renal disease predialysis patients, as well as 15 patients who were receiving hemodialysis, to see if there is BPA accumulation in these patients. The elution test of BPA showed that a much larger amount of BPA was eluted from polysulfone (PS), and polyester-polymeralloy hollow fibers. Among renal disease patients who had not undergone hemodialysis, the serum BPA concentration increased as the renal function deteriorated, showing a significant negative association. In a crossover test between PS and cellulose (Ce) dialyzers, the predialysis serum BPA concentration of PS dialyzer users decreased after changing to a Ce dialyzer, and the serum BPA increased again after switching back to PS dialyzers. In patients who were using PS dialyzers, the BPA level significantly increased after a dialysis session. However, in the Ce dialyzer users, the BPA level decreased. Since accumulation of BPA could affect the endocrine or metabolic system of the human body, it is important to perform further investigations on dialysis patients.     

Measurement of backfiltration rates during hemodialysis with highly permeable membranes.

A method for determining local transmembrane fluid movement in a commercial hemodialyzer at low dialysate flow rates by measuring changes along the dialyzer length in the local concentration of a marker macromolecule added to the dialysis solution has been developed. The method was evaluated in vitro at zero net ultrafiltration using dialyzers containing polysulfone (n = 4) and cuprophane (n = 3) membranes. The local concentration of the marker macromolecule along the dialyzer length was higher than the input dialysate concentration only during experiments with dialyzers containing polysulfone membranes. These observations provide direct empirical evidence that fluid movement in the dialysate to blood direction, i.e., backfiltration, occurs during hemodialysis with this highly permeable membrane. Net rates of backfiltration for the dialyzer containing polysulfone membrane were also calculated from changes in the local concentration of the marker macromolecule and mass balance considerations. The calculated backfiltration rates increased with increasing blood flow rate and trended upward with increasing dialysate flow rate. The described methodology provides a novel approach for the further characterization of fluid and solute transport during hemodialysis with highly permeable membranes.     

Does monitoring of pre-/post-dialyzer pressure difference improve efficiency in intermittent hemodialysis?

BACKGROUND: Continuous monitoring of pre-/post-dialyzer pressure difference (DeltaP) is widely used in continuous renal replacement therapies to monitor extracorporeal circuit function. The aim of this study was to verify whether DeltaP may help to identify chronic subclinical worsening of dialysis quality due to incomplete dialyzer clotting in intermittent hemodialysis. METHODS: Nine chronic hemodialysis patients were enrolled in the study and dialyzed twice (high-flux polysulfone dialyzer) with DeltaP and urea-clearance monitoring: the first session with a standard anticoagulation and the second without. To verify whether a visible clotting of the dialyzer precedes or follows a significant DeltaP increase, we checked the dialyzers for the presence of red clots after a saline flush performed when a 50% increase in DeltaP was registered. RESULTS: In the second dialysis session after a 50% increase in DeltaP (documented in 7/9 patients), all dialyzers, after saline flush, showed a visible fiber clotting but not a significant reduction (>15%) in urea clearance. In the majority of the patients (6/7), until a few minutes before complete occlusion of the extracorporeal circuit, the urea clearance did not change significantly (-8.9 +/- 12.7%). CONCLUSIONS: The usual check of the presence or absence of red clots in the dialyzer at the end of the dialysis session is enough, in the absence of red clots, to ensure that dialyzer efficiency is maintained during the whole treatment. Contrary to what is applied in CRRT, a continuous monitoring of DeltaP during intermittent hemodialysis would not significantly help to unmask unnoticed inefficient hemodialysis sessions.     

高通量透析对尿毒症血液透析患者血脂代谢的影响

目的 探讨高通量透析对尿毒症血液透析患者血脂代谢的影响.方法 将60例尿毒症患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各30例,观察组采用高通量血液透析治疗,对照组采用常规血液透析治疗,比较两组患者的血浆胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、脂蛋白A、血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Cr)的变化情况.结果 两组患者的BUN、Cr 水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),观察组患者血浆TC、TG、LDL 和脂蛋白A均明显低于对照组,而HDL明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 高通量透析可以显著改善透析患者的血脂代谢.     

The postdialytic rise in the plasma total homocysteine concentration is delayed

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The mechanism behind the uremic hyperhomocysteinemia has not been elucidated. Possibly, dialyzable uremic toxins play a role, e.g. as enzyme inhibitors. If so, the conditions for enzymatic removal would be expected to improve after dialysis. Therefore, we studied the postdialytic pattern of the plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentration. METHODS: We collected blood samples from 19 stable, vitamin-supplemented hemodialysis patients before and at 5, 60, as well as at 480 min after a dialysis session. The patients were studied after dialysis with a low-flux dialyzer (Polyflux 6L) and a high-flux dialyzer (Polyflux 14S). RESULTS: The mean predialytic plasma tHcy concentration was 13.3 micromol/l which is considerably lower than the concentrations observed in our previous studies. In all patients, the plasma tHcy concentration fell during treatment with both types of dialyzers (average decrease 28 +/- 7%, p < 0.0001, and 31 +/- 8%, p < 0.0001, respectively). No postdialytic change in the plasma tHcy concentration was observed at 60 min after low-flux dialysis, however, after high-flux dialysis, the plasma tHcy concentration was significantly lower at 60 min postdialysis than at 5 min (3 +/- 8%, p < 0.05). At 480 min after dialysis, a significant postdialytic increase in the plasma tHcy concentration was found (6 +/- 9%, p < 0.01, and 11 +/- 5%, p < 0.0001, respectively) both in the case of low-flux and high-flux treatment. CONCLUSION: In the postdialytic phase, we observed a short-lived stability in the plasma tHcy concentration, and in the case of high-flux dialysis, even a slight decrease in the plasma tHcy concentration. The results support the hypothesis that dialyzable substances interfere with homocysteine removal.     

不同通量血液透析联合血液透析滤过对胰岛素抵抗尿毒症患者的疗效比较

目的 对比不同通量血液透析联合血液透析滤过对胰岛素抵抗尿毒症患者的疗效.方法 选取江门市人民医院2019年5月至2020年8月60例胰岛素抵抗尿毒症患者作为研究对象,随机分为两组,每组30例,分别采用低通量血液透析联合血液透析滤过(LFHD+HDF)和高通量血液透析联合血液透析滤过(HFHD+HDF)干预,对比两组患者...     

Contribution of High Flux Membranes to the Therapy of Uremia‐Associated Dyslipidemia

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of mortality in hemodialysis patients. Uremia induced hypertriglyceridemia; increased levels of lipoprotein remnants and low high‐density lipoprotein are the main features of cardiovascular risk factors. Also, elevated oxidative stress and inflammation are the main contributors of endothelial dysfunction. Even statin based interventional trials failed to improve mortality in dialysis patients, and different treatment options have been proved to be useful. We aimed to evaluate the effect of dialyzer type on uremia‐associated dyslipidemia and endothelial dysfunction. In total 312 patients were enrolled. The initial and 6^th month blood samples were obtained from the non‐arteriovenous fistula arm on the day before the first hemodialysis session of the week. Flow mediated dilatation of the patients was measured from the same arm before obtaining the blood samples. Patients were on hemodialysis therapy for 76.43 ± 52.7 months. According to their dialyzer type, there has been a statistically significant improvement noted in terms of total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol and triglyceride levels. The flow mediated dilatation of the patients are measured as 4.3 ± 0.5 and 4.4 ± 0.4 in baseline measurements of the low flux and high flux groups, respectively. Sixth month values of the patients were measured as 4.34 ± 0.4 and 4.62 ± 0.6. The improvement in low flux groups was not statistically significant but in the high flux group the endothelial dysfunction was significantly improved. Our results show that high‐flux dialyzers improved dyslipidemia and endothelial dysfunction in hemodialysis patients. These findings provide a new insight on the selection of high efflux in hemodialysis.