心脏再同步化治疗慢性心力衰竭的临床观察

目的 观察心脏再同步化治疗慢性心力衰竭患者的临床疗效。方法 25例NYHA Ⅲ级～Ⅳ级的慢性心力衰竭患者随机分为对照组14例和手术组11例,所有入选患者均接受正规药物治疗,手术组在药物治疗基础上接受心脏再同步化治疗。患者均于治疗前和治疗后6－9月进行心功能NYHA分级、6 min步行距离测定、心功能超声指标评价（左室舒张末期容积、左室射血分数、左心室短轴缩短分数和二尖瓣返流）、心电图QRS波宽度测定以及试剂盒测定血浆MDA、SOD和 GSH Px。结果 与治疗前比较,治疗后对照组和手术组均显示NYHA分级和MDA下降,6 分钟步行距离、SOD和 GSH Px增加,指标改善在手术组较对照组更明显。对照组治疗前后心功能超声指标和心电图QRS波宽度无变化,手术组患者治疗后心脏超声显示左心室射血分数和左心室短轴缩短分数增加,左心室舒张末内径和二尖瓣反流减少,心电图示QRS波时限降低。结论 对于心功能NYHA分级 Ⅲ级或 Ⅳ级伴有室内传导阻滞的心力衰竭患者,心脏再同步化治疗能更有效改善心功能,提高生活质量,这种保护作用可能与进一步降低心衰患者的氧自由基有关。     

三心腔起搏器治疗10例充血性心力衰竭的临床分析

目的观察三心腔(CRT)脉冲起搏器治疗充血性心力衰竭(CHF)的临床疗效。方法选择NYHA心功能分级为Ⅲ~Ⅳ级的患者10例,起搏前心电图QRS平均时限为140 ms。行CRT起搏器植入手术。术后1年应用心脏彩色超声观察CRT起搏器植入前、后患者心功能及病情的变化。结果 CRT起搏器植入后患者心功能明显改善,左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室充盈增加,NYHA心功能分级从Ⅲ~Ⅳ级提高到Ⅰ~Ⅱ级,起搏后心电图QRS时限缩短。结论三心腔起搏器治疗充血性心力衰竭疗效明显。     

心脏再同步化治疗对轻中度慢性心力衰竭患者心功能的影响分析

目的观察心脏再同步化治疗对轻中度心力衰竭患者心功能的影响。方法选择10例行心脏再同步化治疗的伴有QRS波时限延长和明显左室收缩功能下降的轻中度心力衰竭患者,于术前、术后3个月及6个月测定6 min步行距离(MHW)、QRS波时限、胸片、左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)和血浆脑钠肽(BNP)。结果 10例患者均成功植入三腔起搏器,NYHA心功能分级改善不明显,6 min步行距离增加,但与术前比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),QRS波时限缩短,左室射血分数明显提高,左室舒张末期内径明显减小,血浆脑钠肽水平显著下降,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论心脏再同步化治疗可明显改善轻中度慢性心力衰竭患者的心功能。     

QRS波群时限延长在心力衰竭中的临床观察

目的评价心力衰竭患者心电图QRS波群时限与心功能分级、左室射血分数、恶性心律失常发生率及病死率的关系,指导判断预后与治疗。方法入选120例心力衰竭患者,根据QRS波群时限分为≥120ms组和〈120ms组,分析2组QRS波群时限与NYHA心功能分级、左心室舒张末期内径、左室射血分数、恶性心律失常发生率、痛死率的关系。结果QWS波群时限≥120ms组患者左心室舒张末期内径、左室射血分数、恶性心律失常发生率、1年内病死率与QRS波群〈120ins组心力衰竭患者对照明显恶化,统计学差异显著（P〈0．05）。结论QRS波群时限延长（≥120ms）可作为心力衰竭患者病情严重程度及预后不良的评估指标。     

心脏再同步治疗超反应2例分析

心脏再同步治疗(cardiac resynchronizationtherapy,CRT)被推荐来治疗充分抗心力衰竭药物治疗后NYHA分级仍在Ⅲ级或不必卧床的Ⅳ级、窦性心律、左心室射血分数≤35%、QRS时限≥120 ms的心力衰竭患者[1]。但对CRT的反应个体间存在着显著差异[2-4],有些患者临床症状改善显著,左室完全逆转重构,左室功能几乎正常;而有些患者临床     

心脏再同步治疗10例慢性心衰的短期临床疗效

目的观察双心室同步起搏治疗对药物难治性充血性心力衰竭的短期治疗效果。方法10例悼性心力衰竭患者,心功能（NYHA分级）III-Ⅳ级,QRS时限≥120ms,左室射血分数（LVEF）≤35％,左室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）≥55mm,伴二尖瓣反流。经多种抗心力衰竭药物治疗无效后行双心室同步起搏治疗,其中2例安装三腔埋藏式心脏复律除颤器（CRT-D）。观察术前、术后1个月的NYHA心功能分级、QRS时限、左心室射血分数（LVEF）、左心室舒张末内径（LVEDD）。结果除1例患者未能成功植入左室电极外,其余9例手术顺利,无并发症。其中1例患者术后1月余再次因心衰加重入院,术后心功能平均改善I-Ⅱ级,射血分数、左心室舒张末内径较术前有明显改善（均P〈0．05）。结论双心室起搏心脏再同步化治疗可明显改善慢性心力衰竭伴心室内传导延迟患者的血流动力学、心功能和心力衰竭的临床症状,是治疗顽固性心力衰竭的有效方法之一。     

双心室同步起搏治疗顽固性心力衰竭的临床研究

目的：观察双心室同步起搏对扩张型心肌病顽固性心力衰竭的治疗效果。方法：10例扩张型心肌病病人，男6例，女4例，所有病人符合NYHA心功能Ⅲ—Ⅳ级，心电图呈窦性心律，完全性左束支传导阻滞，QRS时限〉120ms，射血分数〈35％。左室内径〉60mm。因严重心力衰竭而长期卧床，经多种抗心衰药物治疗效果不佳。分别植入右心房、右心室和冠状静脉左室分支电极导线，行房室顺序双心室同步起搏，观察起搏前、后QRS时限、NYHA心功能分级、左室内径、射血分数及6min步行试验的变化。结果：右心房、右心室和左心室电极导线感知和起搏参数均符合起搏要求。起搏后QRS时间明显缩短（P〈0．01），（NYHA）心功能分级进一步改善（P〈0．01），左室射血分数及6min步行增加（P〈0．01）。结论：双心室同步起搏治疗可缓解心衰的症状，改善心功能，增加射血分数，提高运动耐量。     

心脏再同步化起搏治疗慢性重度心力衰竭5例随访观察

目的探讨心脏再同步化起搏治疗(CRT)对慢性重度心力衰竭患者心功能改善情况。方法对5例慢性重度心力衰竭患者行CRT结合药物优化治疗,观察患者心功能、心电图QRS波宽度、彩超左室舒张末期内径及左室射血分数等参数的变化。结果全部患者NYHA分级均提高到I~II级,左心室射血分数增加,左心室舒张末内径减少,6min步行距离增加,生活质量改善,未发生死亡和心衰住院事件,QRS波宽度改变不明显(>0.05)。结论CRT结合药物优化治疗可以明显改善部分重度心力衰竭患者的心功能,使明显扩大的心脏回缩,有效提高患者生活质量。     

心脏再同步化治疗慢性心力衰竭疗效观察

目的:探讨心脏再同步化治疗(CRT)慢性心力衰竭临床疗效。方法:6例慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者行双心室再同步起搏治疗,术后随访10.2±6.3个月,观察患者的NYHA心功能分级、QRS时限、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室舒张末内径(LVEDD)的变化。结果:6例CHF患者植入CRT后,均无严重并发症,心功能NYHA分级,从～级改善为～级,QRS时限从158.6±31.8ms缩短至129.5±30.2ms(P<0.05),LVEF从0.28±0.05提高至0.35±0.05(P<0.05),LVEDD由术前71.93±10.79mm降至术后65.55±12.35mm(P<0.05)。结论:CRT结合药物优化治疗,可明显改善慢性顽固性心力衰竭患者的血流动力学、心功能和心衰的临床症状,提高生活质量。     

慢性心力衰竭患者外周BNP的水平与心功能相关性的分析

目的 :分析慢性心力衰竭患者外周脑钠肽的水平与其心功能的相关性,评价BNP指标在评估慢性心力衰竭患者心功能方面的临床价值。方法 :将我院心内科收治的60例慢性心力衰竭患者作为心衰组,将60例同期在我院进行体检的健康人设为健康组,采用化学发光法测定两组受试者血浆BNP的水平,采用心脏彩色超声测定慢性心力衰竭患者的左室射血分数(LVEF),并与其血浆BNP水平进行相关性分析。结果 :心衰组患者血浆BNP的平均水平为(960.45±219.80)ng/L,健康组受试者血浆BNP的平均水平为(64.45±19.80)ng/L,心衰组患者血浆BNP的平均水平明显高于健康组受试者,差异显著(P<0.01),有统计学意义。心衰组患者血浆BNP的水平可随着其心功能NYHA分级的增加而增高,呈正相关。心衰组患者中心功能NYHA分级为Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级、Ⅳ级患者血浆BNP的水平相比较差异显著(r=0.72,P<0.05),有统计学意义。心衰组患者左室射血的分数可随着其心功能NYHA分级的增加而下降,呈负相关。心衰组患者中心功能NYHA分级为Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级、Ⅳ级患者左室射血的分数相比较差异显著(r=-0.56,P<0.05),有统计学意义。结论 :血浆BNP检测的方法简便、可重复性好,可用于评估慢性心力衰竭患者的病情及心功能分级,预测其预后,值得在临床上推广应用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.