胃癌高和低发区人群幽门螺杆菌及cagA^＋和hspA^＋亚型感染的研究

目的探讨胃癌高、低发区居民幽门螺杆菌（Ｈｐ）及ｃａｇＡ＋、ｈｓｐＡ＋亚型感染的差异，明确Ｈｐ感染与胃癌的关系。方法用ＥＬＩＳＡ方法分别检测抗Ｈｐ的ＩｇＧ和ＩｇＡ抗体、抗ｃａｇＡ的ＩｇＧ抗体、抗ｈｓｐＡ的ＩｇＧ抗体。结果胃癌高发区山东省临朐县居民Ｈｐ感染率为７３．８％，明显高于低发区苍山县居民感染率（５９．９％）。胃癌高发区居民ＨｐｃａｇＡ＋和ｈｓｐＡ＋亚型感染率分别为５０．９％和１７．０％，亦明显高于低发区居民（分别为３４．０％和１３．２％）。此外，用１３Ｃ－尿素酶呼气试验（１３Ｃ－ＢＵＴ）作标准评价了检测Ｈｐ抗体、ｃａｇＡ＋及ｈｓｐＡ＋方法的灵敏性（分别是９２．３％、６３．２％和２１．９％）和特异性（分别是７１．０％、８０．６％和９５．２％）。Ｈｐ感染，尤其是ｃａｇＡ＋亚型的感染与胃癌高发有明显正相关关系。结论抗Ｈｐ抗体和ｃａｇＡ＋亚型检测方法灵敏度较高，不失为胃癌流行病学研究的良好指标。     

人类白细胞抗原DRB1等位基因与幽门螺杆菌感染的关系

目的 研究人类白细胞抗原（ＨＬＡ）ＤＲＢ１等位基因与幽门螺杆菌（Ｈｐ）感染的关系。方法 用Ｂｉｏｓｅｅｄ Ｈｐ－ＩｇＧ定量酶联免疫试剂盒检测４６例胃癌、７５例食道癌和１００例人群对照的Ｈｐ－ＩｇＧ抗体，用Ｂｉｏｔｅｓｔ低解析水平ＨＬＡ－ＤＲＢ酶联免疫探针杂交测定试剂盒检测ＨＬＡ－ＤＲＢ１等位基因。结果 （１）Ｈｐ－ＩｇＧ阳性组ＤＲＢ１＊０８基因频率显著高于Ｈｐ－ＩｇＧ阴性组（１３．１％ｖｓ４．４％     

1442例儿童幽门螺杆菌感染状况及相关性疾病分析

了解天津市儿童幽门螺杆菌染状态,探讨儿童Ｈｐ感染状况与相关性疾病的关系。方法采用ＥＬＩＳＡ方法对１４４２例儿童进行血清抗Ｈｐ－ＩｇＧ检测,对其中有消化道症状的９１６例行胃镜检查,同时取胃窦粘膜３块分别作病理组织学检查及快速尿素酶、改良Ｇｉｅｍｓａ染色找Ｈｐ菌,取胃液检测Ｈｐ－ＰＣＲ。     

诊断丙型肝炎病毒感染的3种ELISA的比较研究

将新建立的检测血清中抗丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）总抗体的双抗原夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ（夹心法）与普遍采用的检测抗ＨＣＶ－ＩｇＧ的间接ＥＬＩＳＡ（ＩｇＧ间接法）及检测抗ＨＣＶ－ＩｇＭ的间接ＥＬＩＳＡ（ＩｇＭ间接法）进行比较研究。检测１５份ＩｇＭ间接法阳性、ＩｇＧ间接法阴性（ＩｇＭ单阳）血清及２０份ＩｇＧ间接法阳性、ＩｇＭ间接法阴性（ＩｇＧ单阳）血清,夹心法均为阳性,这３５份血清经ＰＣＲ检测ＨＣＶＲＮＡ均阳性。夹心法可同时检出ＩｇＧ和ＩｇＭ抗体,检出率高于后两者。检测２０份ＨＣＶＲＮＡ阴性血清,３种方法均阴性。用生物制品检定所检测ＨＣＶ－ＩｇＧ抗体的质控血清为标准品,夹心法和ＩｇＧ间接法均可达到检测标准     

广东农村家庭幽门螺杆菌感染的血清流行病学调查

广东农村家庭幽门螺杆菌感染的血清流行病学调查梁冠峰，张万岱，黄继梅，杨海涛，方明厚有关幽门螺杆菌（Ｈｐ）的传染源和传播途径尚不清楚，在家庭内密切的生活接触是否传播，目前结论不完全相同。我们建立了间接ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测血清抗Ｈｐ－ＩｇＧ抗体的方法，对广东...     

幽门螺杆菌感染与胃癌发生的相关性

目的：探讨胃粘膜幽门螺杆菌（Ｈｐ）感染与人胃癌（ＨＧＣ）发生的相关性。方法：采用斑点金免疫渗滤试验、快速尿素酶试验、ＰＣＲ－Ｈｐ－ＤＮＡ法检测胃粘膜Ｈｐ。方法：对１４１例慢性胃炎患者和４２例胃癌患者作Ｈｐ现症感染的检测。结果：慢性浅表性胃炎、轻度萎缩性胃炎Ｈｐ感染率较高,非贲门癌血抗Ｈｐ－ＩｇＧ阳性率较贲门癌高,Ｈｐ感染者胃粘膜萎缩、肠化及癌变平均年龄较小。结论：Ｈｐ持续感染与ＨＧＣ,特别是肠型非贲门癌密切相关,主要作用在胃癌发生的早期阶段,可能是ＨＧＣ发生的“启动子”之一     

肝癌患者尿液中HCV抗体的检测

为进一步研究丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）和原发性肝癌（ＰＨＣ）的关系，采用酶联免疫吸附反应（ＥＬＩＳＡ）平行检测１５２例ＰＨＣ患者尿液及血清中ＨＣＶ抗体（抗－ＨＣＶ）。结果表明，其检出率分别为１３．８２％（２１／１５２）和１４．４７％（２２／１５２）。两种标本抗－ＨＣＶ检测的阳性符合率为９５．４５％，阴性符合率１００％。检测尿液中抗－ＨＣＶ－ＩｇＧ简便易行，安全可靠。提示，ＰＨＣ患者尿液抗－ＨＣＶ－ＩｇＧ的检测，有助于ＰＨＣ病因学、流行病学研究的深入开展     

农村成年居民幽门螺杆菌感染的血清流行病学调查

目的　探讨农村成年居民幽门螺杆菌（Ｈｐ） 感染情况及其与血清胃蛋白酶原Ⅰ（ＰＧⅠ） 、胃蛋白酶原Ⅱ（ＰＧⅡ） 和胃泌素（ＧＡＳ） 水平的关系。方法　以ＥＬＩＳＡ 方法对赞皇县１ ５０４ 名３０岁以上居民血清Ｈｐ 抗体进行了检测,同时以放射免疫学方法对该组调查对象血清ＰＧⅠ、ＰＧⅡ、ＰＧⅠ／ＰＧⅡ比值和ＧＡＳ水平进行了定量分析。结果　赞皇县农村成年居民血清Ｈｐ 抗体阳性率为６６．４％ ,在性别之间阳性率差异无显著性。在不同年龄组的居民中,３０ ～５０ 岁和７０ 岁以上组血清Ｈｐ 抗体阳性率有增高趋势,但统计学意义不明显。胃癌高发区和相对低发区居民血清Ｈｐ 抗体阳性率差异不明显。血清Ｈｐ ＩｇＧ抗体阳性居民血清ＰＧⅠ、ＰＧⅡ和ＧＡＳ水平（６２ ．３μｇ／Ｌ,１５ ．４５μｇ／Ｌ,７４．００ｐｇ／ｍｌ） 均明显高于ＨｐＩｇＧ抗体阴性者（４２ ．１μｇ／Ｌ,６ ．４０μｇ／Ｌ,６６．００ｐｇ／ｍｌ） ,Ｐ＜ ０．００５ ,而血清ＰＧⅠ／ＰＧⅡ比值则显著低于后者（４．０∶６．６ ,Ｐ＜ ０．００５） 。结论　赞皇县大部分农村成年居民有Ｈｐ 感染;Ｈｐ 感染可影响血清ＰＧ和ＧＡＳ水平。     

肝炎患者柯萨奇B组病毒感染状况及其关系的探讨

用免疫酶组化法对１２１例各型临床肝炎患者和１０８名献血员进行了抗－ＣＶＢＩｇＭ和ＩｇＧ检测。两组的阳性率分别为９．９％、１９．８％和８．３％、３６．１％，总阳性率分别是２５．６％和４０．７％；非乙型肝炎患者抗－ＣＶＢＩｇＭ和ＩｇＧ及总阳性率为１３．８％、２４．１％和３１．０％，乙肝患者抗－ＣＶＢＩｇＭ、ＩｇＧ及总阳性率分别为６．３％、１５．９％和２０．６％。肝炎患者，尤其是乙肝患者抗－ＣＶＢＩｇＧ及总阳性率与对照组差异有显著性。结果提示：乙肝患者可能对ＣＶＢ感染的免疫应答较低，因此其抗－ＣＶＢ检出率低；也可能是因为ＨＢＶ感染后，对再感染ＣＶＢ有干扰作用之故。其详细机理有待进一步研究     

北京地区部分人群单纯疱疹病毒IgG抗体的年龄分布

北京地区部分人群单纯疱疹病毒ＩｇＧ抗体的年龄分布刘玉华，范睦蕾作者采集北京地区不同年龄人群血清２４０份，共分８个年龄组，每组３０份。应用酶联免疫吸附试验作单纯疱疹病毒（ＨＳＶ）ＩｇＧ测定。结果不同年龄组ＨＳＶ－ＩｇＧ抗体的阳性检出率及平均ＯｏＤ值分别...     

幽门螺杆菌全菌抗原与尿素酶纯化抗原ELISA检测在人群血清学诊断中的应用

用纯化的Ｈｐ抗原对６７６例各型胃病患者进行了血清抗幽门螺杆菌尿素酶抗体的检测。实验证明其特异性为９６％，敏感性为９８％。血清学ＥＬＩＳＡ检测法，尤其适宜于流行病学调查，还可用于药物治疗效果的观察和筛选非溃疡性消化不良。     

Serology of paracoccidioidomycosis. II. Correlation between class-specific antibodies and clinical forms of the disease

Untreated and previously treated patients with paracoccidioidomycosis were studied for: (i) serum levels of total IgG, IgM and IgA immunoglobulins, by radial immunodiffusion and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Pb) antibodies, by indirect immunofluorescence; (ii) correlation between their levels with the clinical forms of the disease; (iii) correlation between the serum titres obtained by tube precipitin with those of anti-Pb IgG, IgM and IgA.In the untreated group, serum IgG levels were significantly increased in patients with the more systemic forms of the disease, especially the acute progressive form. Serum IgA levels were significantly increased in all patients with no statistical difference between clinical forms. Serum IgM levels were normal in all patients. Anti-Pb IgG, IgA and IgM were detected in 97·5%, 32·5% and 45·0% of all cases, respectively. There was a sharp tendency towards higher levels of anti-Pb IgG among those with the acute progressive form (83·4%) in relation to the chronic, more localized forms, mixed form (68·0%) and isolated organic form (55·5%). In the untreated and previously treated group sera, there was positive correlation between the level of anti-Pb IgG and positivity for the tube precipitin test, suggesting that the precipitin-type antibodies are of the IgG class.Broadly, the present data demonstrate a polyclonal activation of the humoral immune system in paracoccidioidomycosis, with a positive relationship between serological results and severity of the disease.     

巴楚县2001年新疆出血热疫情的血清学证实

目的：以血清流行病学方法调查新闻出血热（XHF）病人，易感人群和主要宿主动物中疾病的感染情况。方法：分别收集2001年4－6月新疆巴县临床诊断为XHF的病人血清，易感人群血清和主要宿主动物的血清，用研制的诊断试剂以酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测XHF特异性IgG和IgM抗体；用抗原捕获ELISA检测XHF病毒抗原。结果：病人血清IgG抗体阳性率为39．62％（21／53）。IgM抗体阳性率为20．75％（11／53），抗原获ELISA有1份血清为XHF抗原阳性；易感人群血清IgG抗体阳性主为21．05％（4／19），IgM抗体检测和抗原捕获ELISA全部为阴性；羊血清IgG抗体阳性率为70％（56／80）。结论：血清流行病学研究证实该次疫情确系XHF、流行地区人畜均有较高水平的隐性感染。     

Anti-Toxoplasma gondii Antibody Levels in Blood Supply of Shiraz Blood Transfusion Institute,Iran

Background

The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in the blood donors has been poorly studied. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of acute and chronic toxoplasmosis in blood products.

Methods

A total of 250 blood products (112 fresh frozen plasma and 138 packed cells) in the Blood Transfusion Institute, Shiraz, Iran were tested for specific T. gondii antibodies (IgG and IgM) by ELISA method in 2013. Positive IgG anti-T. gondii samples were further tested for IgM anti-T. gondii antibody. A positive IgG test with the negative and positive IgM test was interpreted as a chronic and acute toxoplasmosis, respectively. The relationship of jobs, blood types, sex, marital status and residency of participants with chronic toxoplasmosis prevalence were statistically analyzed by χ².

Results

Of 250 samples, 58 (23.2%) and one were positive for IgG anti-T. T. gondii (chronic) and IgM anti-T. T. gondii (acute) antibodies levels, respectively. Twenty nine (25.9%) of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) samples were positive for IgG anti-T. gondiiiand 1(0.89%) of them was positive for IgM anti-T. gondiii antibody. Thirty (21.74%) of packed cell samples were positive for IgG anti-T. gondii antibody. The prevalence of chronic toxoplasmosis was significantly higher in workers, farmers, house wives, unemployed and free jobs (P=0.007), people with low education levels (P=0.035) and B type of blood ABO system (P=0.0001). However, there were no significant differences regarding to age, sex, marital status, residency and type of blood products.

Conclusions

There were chronic and acute toxoplasmosis in blood products and the prevalence of toxoplasmosis especially chronic form was high. Therefore screening of blood for T. gondii antibodies may be considered.     

Seroprevalence of infection by Coxiella burnetii in Canary Islands (Spain)

Objectives: The aims of our study were: (i) to know the seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii infection in the Canary Islands, (ii) to evaluate its epidemiologic features and (iii) to compare the rates of seroprevalence using two different cut-offs (1:20 and 1:80) for the diagnosis of past infection. Methods: We analysed a representative sample of the canarian population. 662 sera were tested. For the detection of IgG and IgM antibodies against C. burnetii phase II antigens an immuofluorescence assay was used. The serologic screening for IgG detection begun with a 1:20 dilution. A titer of IgG 1:80 along with a negative IgM were used as criteria for previous infection. Results: At an IgG antibody titer against C. burnetii of 1:80 as diagnostic for past infection, the observed global seroprevalence was 21.5%. If the cut-off used was 1:20, the observed prevalence increased up to 35.8% (p = 0.001). Significantly different seroprevalence rates were obtained at these different cut-offs when results were analysed for groups of age and socioeconomic status, but not for either the island of origin or for farmers. Conclusion: Our results strongly suggest that Coxiella burnetii infection is endemic in all the Canary Islands. Although it is more frequent in males above 30 years old, it do affect people of all ages, and thus it should be borne in mind in the face of any acute febrile syndrome.     

Diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection by specific IgM antibodies using a new capture-enzyme-immunoassay

A total of 1226 sera from 1055 patients with respiratory tract infections were tested. IgM antibodies were detected by an antibody-capture enzyme-immunoassay (Mp TEST, Diatech Diagnostica Ltd, Israel). Acute infection with IgM antibodies to Mycoplasma pneumoniae was detected in 211 patients.Presence of IgM was closely associated to some or all pneumonia-related symptoms. Eighty-one of IgM-positive patients treated with tetracycline or erythromycin responded positively. Of the 211 patients, 63 (30%) had low levels and 23 (11%) had moderate levels of IgM antibodies already in the first serum sample. In these 86 patients (41%) the complement fixation (CF) test was negative or very low positive. Thus in these cases, the CF test would have missed the early diagnosis in the first serum samples.     

A seroepidemiological study of the risks of Q fever infection in Japanese veterinarians

The causative agent of Q fever, a widespread zoonotic disease, is the bacteria Coxiella burnetii. Although cases of Q fever have been documented in countries throughout the world, the prevalence of the disease in Japan is not yet known. Q fever is a demonstrated occupational hazard to those employed in zoological professions, but the risk to Japanese veterinarians has not yet been quantified. In order to evaluate the risk to Japanese veterinarians, we performed a serological survey using serum samples from 267 veterinarians. Two control groups consisting of 352 medical workers and 2003 healthy blood donors were also evaluated. The antibody titers of the serum samples were measured by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) using phase II C. burnetii Nine Mile strain as the antigen. The positive rate of IgG antibody was 13.5% in the veterinarians, which was higher than in the blood donors (3.6%, p < 0.001) and medical workers (5.1%, p < 0.001). These findings suggest that Japanese veterinarians have a higher risk of infection by C. burnetii than other members of the Japanese population. An interesting finding of this study was that positive rates of IgG and IgM antibodies in the blood donor group were higher in younger individuals. The IgM antibody positive rate was the highest in females under 30 years old.     

孕妇巨细胞病毒感染与胎儿先天性畸形

本文报告采用 ELISA 法检测5000例孕妇血清、243对母婴血清及30对畸形儿血清中人巨细胞病毒 IgG 与 IgM 抗体。孕妇 HCMV IgG 与 IgM 阳性率各为88.48%与5.35%,新生儿各为83.95%与1.65%,243对母婴血清 IgG 与 IgM 分布频率的一致性(IgG:x~2=9.09,P<0.01;IgM:x~2=4.92,P<0.05),提示 HCMV 存在母婴间传播。分娩畸形儿母亲血清中 IgM 阳性率明显高于分娩正常儿母血(x~2=6.03,P<0.05),提示孕妇处于 HCMV 激活感染能引起宫内感染及先天性畸形。     

Prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in the population of the area of Parma (Italy)

Between 1987 and 1991, the prevalence of IgG antibodies toToxoplasma gondii was determined by ELISA in 28,247 serum samples belonging to 19,432 subjects of the area of Parma (Italy). The overall prevalence was 48.5%. The correlation of infection with age, performed on 420 sera, showed a significant increase of positivity until 30–40 approximately years. In consecutive sera obtained from 172 subjects, the IgG and IgM production was analyzed for about 8 months, and four different patterns were delineated which were comprehensive of the wide range of immunological responses toToxoplasma gondii exposure observed. Among pregnant females the prevalence ofanti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies was 48.7%, and 5 cases of seroconversion during the pregnancy were observed (0.27%) from which two cases of congenital toxoplasmosis originated.     

Comparison of western blot and microimmunofluorescence as tools for lyme disease seroepidemiology

Sera from a population of 212 farmers of the Puy de Dôme (Midlands of France) who are in close contact with Ixodes ricinus, the vector of Lyme disease in Europe, and sera from 100 urban blood donors from the nearly city of Clermont Ferrand were examined by microimmunofluorescence (MIF) for antibodies reacting with Borrelia burgdorferi. The results showed a higher seroprevalence of IgG > 1/100 in farmers (25%) than in blood donors (10%). Using western blot with antibody at a 1/200 dilution, and regarding sera as being positive if they contained IgG reactive with more than 5 bands, 93/212 farmers (44%) and 20% of blood donors were positive. Reactions with specific protein bands (94, 73, 30 and 21 KDa) by western blot were demonstrated in 83/212 sera from farmers (39%) and 16% of blood donors. Both methods showed a higher seroprevalence in the farmer population. Western blot is a sensitive and specific test for seroepidemiology but, in highly endemic areas, it is not diagnostic for active Lyme borrelliosis.